LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

STEWART  S.  HOWE 

JOURNALISM  CLASS  OF  1928 

STEWART  S.  HOWE  FOUNDATION 

917.731 
C4324g 
cop.    2 


I.H.S. 


O 


A    GUIDE 


TO    THE 


CITY 


CHICAGO 


issued  by 

The  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce 
77  Jackson  Blvd. 


Copyright,  1909 
By  The  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 


PREFACE- 

The  Publicity  Committee  of  the  Chicago  Association 
of  Commerce,  for  the  dual  purpose  of  properly  guiding 
and  assisting  in  the  entertainment  of  visitors  to  Chicago, 
and,  to  instruct  Chicagoans  themselves  in  subjects  of 
civic  interest,  have  undertaken  the  publication  of  this 
Guide.  It  may  be  accepted  as  a  compendium  of  reliable 
information  regarding  the  city. 

A  departure  is  made  from  the  usual  scheme  of  such 
publications  in  arranging  a  series  of  street  car  rides 
about  the  city.  These  cover  virtually  all  the  main  points 
in  which  the  visitor  would  naturally  be  interested. 
"Points  of  Interest"  supplement  the  rides  and  can  be 
turned  to  through  the  index,  when  further  information 
is  desired  on  any  given  subject.  The  index  at  the  back 
of  the  book  is  a  complete  key  to  everything  in  the  Guide. 

Under  the  caption  "Street  Names  and  Numbers"  will 
be  found  instructions  for  finding  the  location  of  the 
streets  and  avenues  of  the  city  under  the  new  number- 
ing plan  adopted  in  a  recent  ordinance.  The  maps  ac- 
companying the  Guide  also  will  prove  of  value  for  this 
purpose  to  the  stranger.  The  location  of  streets  not 
otherwise  easily  ascertained  may  be  determined  by 
referring  to  the  lists  of  streets,  avenues  and  boulevards 
appearing  in  the  Chicago  City  Directory. 

While  no  claim  of  infallibility  is  made  for  the  work,  it 
is  as  close  to  being  correct,  in  its  information,  as  care- 
ful research  can  make  it,  but  such  errors  as  are  dis- 
covered will  be  corrected  in  future  editions.  Although 
an  endeavor  has  been  made  to  treat  of  everything  of 
interest  or  importance  within  the  city  it  is  possible  that 
there  have  been  omissions  and  these  also,  when  noted, 
will  be  incorporated  in  future  editions  of  the  work.  It 
may  be  well  to  add,  however,  in  this  connection,  that 
this  work  is  designed  solely  as  a  guide  and  that  no  at- 
tempt has  been  made  to  encroach  upon  those  fields 
coming  within  the  province  only  of  the  historian  or 
statistician. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 


ABBREVIATIONS 

To  curtail  the  volume  of  this  work  and  for  conven- 
ience, the  following  abbreviations  are  used : 
N.— North. 
S.— South. 
E.— East. 
W.— West. 
Blk.— City  Square. 
Bldg— Building. 
Blvd. — Boulevard . 
St.— Street. 
Ave. — Avenue. 
Ry. — Railway. 
P.-Page. 

A.  P.  — American  Plan. 
E.  P.— European  Plan. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO          5 

CONTENTS* 
A 

Abattoirs 88 

Amusement  Parks 55,  150 

Armories 224 

Automobile  Trips 86 

B 

Board  of  Trade ?.  f." 95 

Boulevard  and  Park  Systems 174 

Bridewell 199 

C 

Chicago,  Assessed  Valuations 10 

Chicago  Association  of  Commerce N 16 

Chicago  as  a  Banking  Center 27 

Chicago  as  an  Art,  Musical,  Literary  and  Dramatic 

Center 29 

Chicago  as  a  Railroad  Center '.H':™/";  .r.?!. :  ....  .  221 

Chicago  as  a  Summer  Resort 83 

Chicago,  Commercial  and  Historical  Review  ...     9,     18 

Chicago  Fire 156,    77 

Chicago  Post  Office 115,     10 

Chinatown 103 

Churches 62,  91,  145,  154 

Clubs 57-62,  65,  95,  106,  224 

Commercial  and  Industrial  Organizations 224 

Consulates 66 

County  Jail 109 

Courts  of  Law .  219,  109,  115,  133,  200 


*A  full  index  to  all  subjects  contained  herein  may  be 
found  in  the  back  of  the  guide. 


6  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

D 

Distances  in  Chicago 39 

Divisions  of  Chicago 40-4 1 

Drainage  Canal .J.^,."*,. .. 1 10 

Drainage  System 217,  110 

E 

Educational  Institutions 206,  164,  234 

Express  and  Baggage  Service  . . . '. 38 


Federal  Departments  in  Chicago 114 

Fire  Department 214 

Food  Products 88,  95,  154,   160 

Fort  Sheridan.     (See  Suburbs.) 117,  235 

Furnished  Rooms . .  52 


Hospitals  and  Ambulance  Service,  Public  and  Pri- 
vate   ^ 203,  213 

Hotels . .  49 


Illinois  National  Guard  in  Chicago 224 

Illinois  Naval  Militia 224 

Interurban  Electric  Lines 43,     48 


Juvenile  Court  . .  .    200 


Lake  Boat  Trips  and  Launch  Rides 85?  36,  102 

Landmarks  in  Chicago's  History IS 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 


Markets 125,  128,  154 

Meats,  Packing,  etc 88,  160 

Medical  Profession  and  Medical  Schools 208,  196 

N 

Nationalities  of  Chicago 25,  135 

Naval  Station,  Lake  Bluff 238 

Notable  Skyscrapers (See  Points  of  Interest.) 

P 

Packing  Interests  of  Chicago 88,  160 

Parks 174.55,  110,  124,  131,  170 

Philanthropic  Institutions 187,  101,  121,  129 

Pioneer  Residents  of  Chicago 24, 14,  18 

Points  of  Interest,  Special .  .  .  .TC*^?. •»*--*. 88-172 

Police  Department ,.,,,>-  v . .  w 210,  127 

Produce  Markets 125,  12S,  154 

Public  Buildings 104,  109,  113,  127,  147, 197 

Public  Play  Grounds 175 

Public  School  System ^.1*  a; 206.  135 

R 

Railway  Stations 33 

Religious  Societies 62,  94.  159.  171 

Restaurants 52 

S 

Sewer  System 217 

Small  Park  Systems 175 

Societies,  Miscellaneous 224,  201 

Street  Car  Rides 68 

Street  Car  Systems 40 

Suburbs .  .  .  .  149 


8  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

T 

Theaters 53 

U 

U.  S.  A.  Dept.  of  the  Lakes 116 

Union  Stockyard  and  Transit  Co 130 

Universities,  Colleges  and  Seminaries 207,  164 

W 

Water  Supply  and  Waterworks 216,   110 

World's  Fair 131,  119,  141 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  9 

i 

CHICAGO 
Commercial  and  Historical  Review 

The  city  of  Chicago  offers  so  much  that  is  of  detailed 
interest,  over  its  vast  area  and  multiple  activities,  that 
it  would  be  difficult,  within  the  necessary  limits,  to 
cover  all  of  its  features.  The  matter  which  follows,  how- 
ever, gives  a  general  survey  of  the  city,  and  a  historical 
review  which  is  necessary  in  order  to  understand  the 
growth  and  development  of  what  may  well  be  con- 
sidered the  most  remarkable  city  of  modern  times. 

Chicago  has  at  this  time  (1909)  a  population  number- 
ing fully  2,250,000  which  is  being  added  to  at  the  rate 
of  about  75,000  annually.  The  length  of  the  city  is  26 
miles,  its  greatest  width  14£  miles  and  its  total  area 
190.63  square  miles.  Within  its  boundaries  are  4,227 
miles  of  streets  and  alleys.  Its  water  works  (city  owned) 
pump  a  daily  average  of  more  than  437,000,000  gallons 
of  water.  Of  public  schools  there  are  300  of  which  num- 
ber one  is  a  normal  school  and  19  high  schools.  Be- 
sides these  there  are  hundreds  of  church  and  private 
schools  and  other  institutions  of  learning.  The  churches 
of  the  city  number  1,077  with  more  than  1,000  semi- 
religious  organizations  of  various  kinds.  Thirteen  hun- 
dred and  fifty  miles  of  surface  and  elevated  railway 
traverse  the  city  upon  which  ride  daily  an  average  of 
1,354,000  passengers.  The  three  park  systems  contain 
3,191  acres  and  with  the  48  miles  of  boulevards  form 
a  complete  belt  around  the  city. 

The  annual  cost  of  city  government  (exclusive  of 
county  government)  including  cost  of  administration, 
maintenance  and  permanent  improvements,  schools, 
public  library — in  fact  all  moneys  paid  out  for  all  pur- 
poses, is  $44,538,286.78,  (1907  expenditures)  and  in  the 
employ  of  the  city  is  an  army  of  men  and  women  num- 


10  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

bering  21,617,  including  about  6,000  school  teachers. 
The  city  parks  (under  supervision  of  the  State  of 
Illinois)  are  maintained  at  an  average  annual  expedi- 
ture  of  about  $2,000,000.  There  are  almost  100  banks 
in  Chicago  with  daily  clearings  amounting  to  about  $35,- 
000,000.  One  retail  store  employs  regularly  7,500  people, 
which  number  in  holiday  time  is  increased  approxi- 
mately to  10,000.  Three  of  the  city's  immense  office 
buildings  contain,  in  business  hours,  more  than  5,500 
people  each,  counting  only  those  who  work  in  the  build- 
ings. Chicago's  longest  street  is  Western  Ave.,  22  miles, 
with  Halsted  Street  a  close  second,  21^  miles. 

Chicago  annually  produces  manufactured  goods  to 
the  value  of  nearly  $1,000,000,000  in  8,159  plants,  this 
product  covering  almost  every  sort  of  merchandise  used 
in  America.  There  are  individual  "manufacturing  com- 
panies within  the  city  employing  as  many  as  13,000 
men,  and  there  are  individual  plants  doing  a  manufac- 
turing business  amounting  to  more  than  $100,000,000 
annually,  while  hundreds  of  manufacturing  companies 
do  a  business  of  from  $25,000  to  $5,000,000  yearly. 
There  are  a  number  of  wholesale  firms  whose  annual 
business  amounts  to  more  than  $25,000,000  and  some 
that  probably  will  more  than  double  that  figure.  Chi- 
cago Post  Office  receipts  for  1908  were  $15,921,005.31. 
The  U.  S.  Customs  receipts  for  the  same  period  were 
$8,502,492.29. 

ASSESSED  VALUATION  OF  CHICAGO 

For  the  year  1906  the  assessment  of  taxable  property 
in  Chicago,  both  real  and  personal,  amounted  to  $28,- 
451,436.78,  this  being  on  a  total  valuation  of  $426,263,- 
296.  The  tax  on  capital  stock  and  railroads  is  included 
in  the  personal-property  assessment. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  11 

THE  HEART  OF  CHICAGO 

That  section  of  Chicago  which  is  known  as  "The  Loop" 
(see  map  of  Loop  District)  comprises  a  section  seven 
blocks  north  and  south  by  six  blocks  east  and  west  (42 
city  squares).  Its  boundaries  extend  from  Van  Buren 
St.  north  in  Wabash  Ave.  to  Lake  St.,  west  in  Lake  to 
Fifth  Ave.,  south  in  Fifth  Ave.  to  Van  Buren  St.,  and 
east  in  Van  Buren  to  Wabash  Ave.  Around  this  Loop 
circles  nearly  every  elevated  train  (2,050  trains  daily), 
carrying  a  daily  average  of  more  than  475,000  passen- 
gers, while  the  surface  cars  and  steam  railway  suburban 
trains  bring  to  the  Loop,  daily,  about  800,000  more, 
making  a  grand  total  of  1,275,000  people  who  daily 
arrive  at  and  depart  from  this  comparatively  small  area. 
Within  and  immediately  adjacent  to  the  Loop  are  the 
immense  skyscrapers  and  gigantic  mercantile  estab- 
lishments of  the  city.  The  streets  within  the  loop  are 
naturally  quite  congested.  State  St.  during  the  shop- 
ping hours,  is  a  notable  sight,  the  twenty-foot  walks 
being  literally  packed  with  a  solid  mass  of  humanity. 

Surface  cars  may  be  taken  for  any  portion  of  the 
city,  direct  or  by  transfer,  within  the  Loop,  and  trains  of 
all  elevated  roads  may  be  taken  at  any  station  on  the 
Loop.  Any  portion  of  the  city,  within  the  "limits",  may 
be  reached  for  a  five  cent  fare.  Ask  for  transfer,  if  de- 
sired, when  you  pay  your  fare. 

HISTORICAL 

Early  Explorers 

In  the  year  1673  Louis  Joliet  and  Father  Marquette> 
S.  J  ,  ascended  the  Fox  River,  portaged  across  the 
divide  and  descended  to  the  Wisconsin  and  the  Missis- 
sippi rivers  and  down  the  latter  streams  probably  to  the 


12  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Arkansas.  Paddling  back  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois 
they  ascended  that  river,  entering  the  north  fork  of  the 
Desplaines,  arriving  finally  in  the  Chicago  River  and 
descended  its  course  to  Lake  Michigan.  On  reaching 
Quebec  Joliet  reported  his  discovery  of  the  Chicago 
Portage  and  said  that  if  a  canal  were  cut  through  a 
league  of  prairie,  one  could  pass  by  boat  from  the  Great 
Lakes  to  the  Mississippi  River.  Thus  was  the  Chicago 
Drainage  Canal  predicted  in  the  year  1673. 

In  1674  Father  Marquette  returned  to  the  site  of  Chi- 
cago and  being  detained  by  illness  passed  the  winter  in 
a  cabin  near  Robey  St.  and  the  South  Branch,  he 
being  the  first  recorded  white  resident  of  the  city  of  Chi- 
cago ;  this  statement  has  sometimes  been  questioned 
from  the  fact  that  the  cabin  belonged  to  two  French 
traders,  Pierre  Moreau  and  a  companion,  who  was  a 
surgeon  as  well  as  a  trader.  The  site  of  this  cabin  has 
been  pretty  well  fixed  at  the  junction  of  the  Drainage 
Canal  and  the  South  Branch  and  it  was  the  first  build- 
ing erected  on  the  site  of  Chicago.  Joliet  again  visited 
the  place  in  1682,  and  described  the  "Chicagou"  river  as 
""the  junction  of  several  rivulets,  or  meadow  ditches,  be- 
ing navigable  for  about  two  leagues  to  the  edge  of  the 
prairies,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  westward."  In  1777 
there  lived  in  a  cabin  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the 
Kirk  Soap  Factory,  near  the  corner  of  Kinzie  and  Pine 
Streets  (North  Side)  a  San  Domingo  negro  trader  named 
Jean  Baptiste  Pointe  de  Saible.  This  negro  occupied  the 
cabin  for  17  years,  finally  selling  it  to  Le  Mai,  a  French 
trader  who  in  turn  sold  it  to  John  Kinzie  (for  whom 
Kinzie  Street  is  named)  in  1804.  Jean  Baptiste  was  the 
first  man  to  acquire  title  to  Chicago  real  estate,  which 
has  held  good  to  this  day,  and  was  for  this  reason  our 
first  city  father — Chicago's  first  landed  citizen. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  13 

Fort  Dearborn  Established 

In  1803  Fort  Dearborn  was  established  on  the  site 
which  is  now  the  corner  of  Michigan  Avenue  and  River 
Street,  there  being  then  four  huts  or  cabins,  one  occu- 
pied by  John  Kinzie,  one  (on  the  West  Side)  by  Guarie, 
a  third  near  the  fort,  by  Ouillemette,  and  the  fourth  by 
Pettell.  The  south  end  of  Rush  Street  bridge  occupies 
what  was  about  the  center  of  the  fort  stockade,  a  large 
portion  of  the  fort  site  having  disappeared  in  the  widen- 
ing of  the  river.  The  lake  then  came  within  100  to  200 
feet  of  the  fort.  The  old  Rope  Ferry  was  here  established 
and  the  first  bridge  was  constructed  at  Dearborn  St. 
in  1834.  The  first  capital  crime  occurred  in  1812  when 
John  Kinzie  killed  John  Lalime;  the  bones  of  the  vic- 
tim now  repose  in  the  Chicago  Historical  Society 
Museum. 

Fort  Dearborn  Massacre 

The  memorable  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre  occurred  in 
1812.  At  9  a.  m.  August  15th,  General  Hull  ordered  the 
garrison  to  abandon  the  fort.  They  marched  southward 
on  the  lake  shore  to  a  point  now  marked  by  a  monu- 
ment at  Eighteenth  St.  where  they  were  attacked  by 
Indians  and  defeated,  a  large  number  being  killed,  in- 
cluding several  women  and  children.  The  tribute  to  their 
memory,  known  as  the  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre  Monu- 
ment, was  erected  by  Geo.  M.  Pullman  adjoining  his 
property  at  the  foot  of  Eighteenth  St.  At  the  time 
of  this  disaster  the  Indian  camp  was  north  of  the  pres- 
ent site  of  the  Marshall  Field  store,  quite  near  the  fort. 
Next  day  the  Indians  set  fire  to  the  fort  and  it  was  en- 
tirely destroyed.  The  victims  of  this  battle  rest  beneath 
the  sod  in  Grant  Park  on  the  lake  front.  The  fort  was 


14  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

rebuilt  in  July-August,  1816,  on  the  same  site,  remain- 
ing intact  until  1857. 

Growth  of  Chicago 

From  1816  to  1830  the  infant  metropolis  gained  some 
fifteen  cabins  but  was  still  below  the  100  mark  in  popu- 
lation. During  this  period  the  only  buildings  north  of 
the  river  were  a  house  called  "Cobweb  Castle,"  at  what 
is  now  the  junction  of  State  and  North  Water  Streets, 
the  Kinzie  cabin  near  the  corner  of  Kinzie  and  Pine 
Streets,  Billy  CaldwelP  sand  Miller's  places,  and  the  home 
of  Archibald  Clybourn,  the  tract  north  of  the  river 
being  covered  with  forest  trees.  The  Kinzie  cabin  was 
of  hewn  logs  with  a  veranda  on  its  front.  At  its  rear 
were  two  large  cottonwood  trees,  while  in  front,  in  a  row 
near  the  river's  edge,  were  four  fine  poplars.  It  was  later 
a  store  and  Chicago's  first  post  office,  (1831)  the  mail 
being  carried  from  Detroit  twice  a  week  on  horseback. 
John  Kinzie  died  in  the  fort  and  his  ashes,  after  being 
twice  moved,  now  rest  in  Graceland  Cemetery.  It  was 
about  1830  that  the  real  growth  of  the  city  began.  In 
1834  the  first  school  here  was  opened  in  thePresbyterian 
Church,  west  side  of  Clark  Street,  between  Lake  and 
,  Randolph  Streets,  the  teacher,  Miss  Eliza  Chappel,  af- 
terward (1834)  marrying  Jeremiah  Porter,  who  was  the 
first  minister  of  the  gospel.  It  was  he  who  organized  the 
first  Protestant  church,  the  First  Presbyterian,  in  Fort 
Dearborn,  1833.  The  public  meeting  hall  was  over  Peck's 
store,  southeast  corner  La  Salle  and  South  Water 
Streets,  the  same  being  a  two-story  wooden  structure. 
It  was  here  the  first  Sunday  School  met.  The  first  regu- 
lar sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Isaac  McCoy,  October 
9,  1805,  but  the  first  church  (Baptist)  was  not  erected 
until  the  fall  of  1833,  it  being  a  two-story  wooden 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  15 

structure  near  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  South  Water 
Streets. 

The  first  serious  fire  burned  three  buildings  corner 
Lake  and  La  Salle  Streets;  loss  $1,200.  Soon  after  the 
erection  of  the  Baptist  church,  the  Catholics  erected  a 
house  of  worship  near  the  southwest  corner  of  State 
and  Lake  Streets  in  the  open  tower  of  which  was  hung  a 
small  bell,  Chicago's  first  church  bell.  As  late  as  1834, 
and  even  several  years  thereafter,  wolves  were  plentiful, 
one  being  killed  in  Dearborn  Street  opposite  the  site  of 
the  Tribune  Building.  In  1835  the  first  County  Court 
House  was  built,  southwest  corner  Clark  and  Randolph 
Streets  (site  present  County  building).  In  1832  the  lot 
southwest  corner  Clark  and  Washington  Streets,  where 
is  now  the  Chicago  Opera  House,  sold  for  $61.00,  which 
was  considered,  high.  Lots  3  and  4  (160  ft.),  southwest 
corner  Lake  and  Market  Streets,  sold  in  1830  for  $102.00 
their  value  now  is  probably  near  a  half  million.  "The 
Rialto"  was  the  first  regular  theatre,  being  the  upper 
story  of  a  wooden  structure  at  No.  8-10  Dearborn  Street. 

Chicago's  first  daily  newspaper,  "The  American," 
was  issued  April  9,  1839.  The  first  locomotive  reached 
the  city  October  10,  1848.  It  was  named  "The  Pioneer" 
being  a  ten-ton  engine  transported  over  the  lake  on  a 
brig.  It  is  now  owned  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railway.  The  first  railroad  was  from  Chicago  to  Galena, 
111.,  and  was  known  as  the  Galena  and  Chicago  Union, 
chartered  January  16,  1836.  The  first  taverns  of 
importance  were  the  Green  Tree,  northeast  corner 
Lake  and  Canal  Streets,  and  the  Sauganash  Tavern, 
Lake  and  Market  Streets,  kept  by  Mark  Beaubien, 
where  the  first  city  election  was  held  in  1833. 
"Wolf  Tavern"  antedated  them,  but  amounted  to  little 
as  a  hostelry.  The  Green  Tree  was  a  long,  two  story 


16  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

structure  facing  the  river.  The  first  jail  was  constructed 
of  logs  set  on  end,  with  a  small  frame  addition,  north- 
west corner  City  Hall  Square.  The  stage  office  in  1844 
was  a  long  two  and  one-half  story  structure,  with  a  sign 
on  the  cornice,  "General  Stage  Office,"  southeast  corner 
Lake  and  Dearborn  Streets. 

The  first  school  house  owned  by  the  city  (the  Dearborn 
School)  was  a  two  story,  red  brick  building  on  Madison 
between  State  and  Dearborn  Streets,  where  the  Tribune 
Building  now  stands.  To  the  south  100  feet  was  a 
rail  fence  enclosing  the  school  yard  and  back  of  that 
an  open  common  with  a  few  trees  scattered  about,  a 
feeding  place  for  cows.  This  was  in  1845. 

Until  the  time  of  the  great  fire  of  1871  the  main  bus- 
iness thoroughfares  were  Lake  and  Water  Streets.  State 
Street  was  for  many  years  called  Vincennes  Road. 

THE  CHICAGO  ASSOCIATION  OF  COMMERCE 

The  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce  is  an  organiza- 
tion of  business  and  professional  interests  to  protect  and 
promote  the  trade  of  the  Great  Central  Market,  and  to 
improve  municipal  conditions  in  general,  so  far  as  this 
object  may  be  attained  without  participation  in  parti- 
san politics.  The  Association  at  the  period  when  this 
guide  book  is  given  publication,  embraces  fully  3,000 
firms  and  individuals.  This  body,  representative  in  the 
highest  degree,  of  every  phase  of  commercial,  industrial 
and  professional  life  in  Chicago,  is  perhaps  the  world's 
largest  organization  of  its  kind  and  purpose. 

The  Association  conducts  its  work  through  many 
standing  and  special  committees  and  by  a  salaried  office 
staff  at  the  Association's  headquarters,  ninth  floor, 
Great  Northern  Building,  77  Jackson  Boulevard.  The 
Association  has  one  great  open  committee  which  holds 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  17 

a  weekly  public  meeting  at  luncheon,  to  which  meeting  a 
member  of  the  committee  may  invite  guests.  At  this 
meeting  important  local  and  general  questions  are  dis- 
cussed. The  leading  committees  are  the  Executive, 
General  Publicity  Trade  Extension  Convention  Bureau, 
Freight  Traffic,  Passenger  Traffic,  Street  Traffic,  Civic 
Industrial,  Foreign  Trade,  House,  Auditing,  Member- 
ship, Chicago  River  Improvement,  Finance,  Deep 
Waterway  and  Entertainment.  Over  all  is  the  Board 
of  Directors. 

The  Association  undertakes  large  and  general  things, 
a  voiding  championship  of  special  interests-.  It  cooperates 
with  the  authorities  in  an  advisory  way  for  improve- 
ment of  postal  facilities,  navigation  of  the  Chicago 
River,  surface  and  elevated  transportation,  for  regula- 
tion of  street  traffic,  and  freight  handling  at  railway 
terminals.  It  exercises  a  conservative  influence  in  busi- 
ness crises.  It  is  making  Chicago  unique  as  the  world's 
convention  city.  It  facilitates  the  visit  to  the  Chicago 
market  of  thousands  of  merchants  annually,  doing  this 
through  concessions  by  the  railroads  and  its  own  special 
and  extensive  advertising.  All  these  visitors  profit  by 
such  visits  not  only  as  merchants  but  as  students  of  a 
city  having  ways  and  resources  which  inspire  other  and 
rising  communities  to  a  more  intelligent  development. 
The  association  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  Lakes  to  the 
Gulf  deep  waterway,  and  indeed  in  waterways  improve- 
ment everywhere.  It  advocates  reform  in  the  consular 
service  and  tariff  revision  by  a  non-partisan  commis- 
sion, and  in  other  ways  works  for  extension  of  foreign 
trade.  It  promotes  Chicago's  industrial  development, 
throughout  a  zone  far  beyond  city  limits,  by  a  study  of 
conditions  and  judicious  solicitation  of  new  indus- 
tries to  establish  themselves  in  the  Great  Central  Mar- 


18  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

ket.  It  sends  delegations  into  near  and  remote  states  to 
encourage  the  growth  of  friendly  sentiment  toward 
the  typical  American  city — center  of  railroads,  trade, 
manufacture,  education,  and  fifty  nationalities  working 
out  a  wonderful  destiny. 

The  headquarters  of  The  Chicago  Association  of 
Commerce,  (Office  hours  8 :30  a.  m.  to  5  :30  p.  m.)  in  the 
near  future  probably  to  be  housed  in  a  special  associa- 
tion building,  invites  visitors  and  inquirers  at  all  times. 
While  headquarters  are  not  a  public  resort,  the  stranger 
will  here  receive  such  competent  and  disinterested  advice 
as  may  make  .a  Chicago  visit  a  profitable  experience, 
and  always  pleasant  memory. 

IMPORTANT  LANDMARKS  IN  CHICAGO'S 
HISTORY 

1803 — Captain  John  Whistler  and  Lieutenant  James 
S.  Swearingen,  U.  S.  A.,  with  a  company  of  United 
States  regular  infantry,  built  and  established  the  first 
Fort  Dearborn. 

1804 — John  Kinzie  and  his  family,  the  first  American 
civilians,  settled  in  Chicago.  First  white  child  born  in 
Chicago — Ellen  Marion  Kinzie — daughter  of  John  and 
Eleanor  Kinzie,  who  died  in  Detroit  in  1860. 

1810 — First  doctor  arrived  in  Chicago,  John  Cooper, 
surgeon's  mate,  U.  S.  A.,  detailed  for  duty  at  Fort  Dear- 
born. Illinois  Pottawatomies  begin  hostilities  against 
the  whites.  Attention  of  government  drawn  to  scheme 
of  canal  connecting  Lake  Michigan  with  Mississippi 
River. 

1812 — (August  15) — Fort  Dearborn  massacre.  Au- 
gust 16,  Indians  burn  Fort  Dearborn. 

1816 — Fort  Dearborn  rebuilt,  Indian  agency  and 
warehouse  re-established  and  John  Kinzie  and  family 
return  to  Chicago  to  live. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  19 

1817 — Schooners  Baltimore  and  Hercules  establish 
route  between  Chicago  and  Mackinac. 

1818 — Illinois  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state. 
First  large  sailing  vessel,  the  United  States  revenue 
cutter  Fairplay,  entered  the  Chicago  River. 

1822 — First  baptism  in  Chicago,  Alexander  Beaubien 
baptized  by  Rev.  Stephen  D.  Badin. 

1823 — Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  bill  passed  by 
legislature.  First  marriage  celebrated  in  Chicago,  that 
of  Dr.  Alexander  Wblcott  and  Miss  Ellen  Marion  Kinzie. 

1826 — First  election  held  in  Chicago,  gubernatorial 
and  congressional. 

1827  —  First  company  of  state  militia  organized. 
First  slaughter-house  built  on  north  branch  by  Archi- 
bald Clybourne. 

1828 — Fort  Dearborn  regarrisoned  by  United  States 
troops.  John  Kinzie,  first  settler,  died  at  Fort  Dearborn. 

1829 — First  ferry  established,  near  present  site  of 
Lake  Street  bridge.  ''Wolf  Tavern,"  Chicago's  first 
hotel,  built  by  James  Kinzie  and  Archibald  Caldwell, 
at  the  "forks"  of  the  Chicago  River. 

1830 — Chicago  first  surveyed  and  platted.  First 
bridge  built  across  Chicago  River  (south  branch,)  near 
Randolph  Street  crossing. 

1831 — Cook  County  created  and  Chicago  designated 
as  the  county  seat.  First  county  election  held.  First  pub- 
lic building  erected  in  Cook  County.  It  was  an  estray 
pen  or  pound,  and  cost  the  county  $12.  Jonathan  N. 
Bailey  appointed  first  postmaster.  First  county  roads 
established,  the  present  State  Street  and  Archer  Avenue, 
and  Madison  Street  and  Ogden  Avenue.  First  light- 
house constructed. 

1832 — First  frame  building,  Robert  A.  Kinzie's  store, 
on  the  West  Side.  First  drug  store  established  by 


20  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Philo  Carpenter  in  log  building  at  what  is  now  the  east 
end  of  Lake  street  bridge.  Black  Hawk  war  broke  out 
and  four  companies  of  volunteers  are  organized  in  Chi- 
cago and  go  to  the  front.  First  cholera  epidemic  in 
Chicago  brought  by  United  States  troops  on  steamer 
Sheldon  Thompson.  First  provisions  (meat)  packed 
and  shipped  by  George  W.  Dole.  First  sawmill  estab- 
lished. 

1833 — Village  or  town  of  Chicago  incorporated.  First 
issue  of  first  Chicago  newspaper,  the  Chicago  Democrat, 
a  weekly,  by  John  Calhoun.  First  Roman  Catholic 
priest  to  establish  a  permanent  parish.  Rev.  John  Mary 
Ireneus  St.  Cyr  arrived  in  Chicago  and  established  St. 
Mary's  parish.  First  Presbyterian  church  organized 
by  Rev.  Jeremiah  Porter,  chaplain  U.  S.  A.  First  Baptist 
church  erected.  First  appropriation  for  harbor  im- 
provements, $25,000,  and  improvement  of  harbor  com- 
menced. First  fire  marshal,  Benjamin  Jones,  appointed, 
then  known  as  "fire  warden."  First  shipment  from  port 
of  Chicago  by  Newberry  &  Dole  on  Schooner  Napo- 
leon. First  Tremont  house  built. 

1834 — First  authorized  town  loan.  First  Protestant 
Episcopal  church,  St.  James,  established  by  Rev.  Isaac 
"W.  Hallam.  First  mail  coach  route  established  by  Dr. 
John  T.  Temple  between  Chicago  and  Detroit.  First  pro- 
fessional public  entertainment  by  "Professor"  Bowers, 
fire  eater,  ventriloquist  and  prestidigitator,  at  the  "Man- 
sion House."  First  drawbridge  erected  over  Chicago 
River  at  Dearborn  Street.  First  vessels  navigate  Chi- 
cago River,  Steamer  Michigan  in  June  and  Schooner 
Illinois  in  July.  First  divorce  suit  and  first  murder 
trial.  First  piano  bought  in  Chicago. 

1835 — First  bank  established  in  Chicago  known  as 
the  "Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  State  Bank." 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  21 

Opening  of  United  States  land  office;  great  land  craze. 
First  board  of  health  organized.  Volunteer  fire  depart- 
ment organized.  First  courthouse  erected,  corner  Clark 
and  Randolph  Streets. 

1836 — First  spadeful  of  earth  thrown  out  in  digging 
Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  July  4.  First  sailing  ves- 
sel, Clarissa,  launched  May,  1836.  First  house  built 
from  architectural  designs,  for  William  B.  Ogden. 
First  Chicago  railroad  chartered,  Galena  and  Chicago 
Union  Railroad.  First  water  mains  laid,  two  miles 
woodsn  pipe. 

1837 — City  of  Chicago  created.  First  cityelectionheld. 
First  city  census  taken,  population  4,107.  First  great 
financial  panic.  First  theater  opened. 

1838 — First  steam  fire  engine  bought  by  Chicago. 
First  Chicago  steamer,  the  "James  Allen"  built.  First 
invoice  of  wheat,  seventy-eight  bushels,  exported  from 
Chicago. 

1839— First  great  fire  in  Chicago,  loss  $75,000. 

1840 — Reorganization  and  permanent  establishment 
of  free  public  schools. 

1841 — Office  of  city  marshal  created. 

1842 — First  state  convention  (Abolitionist)  held  in 
Chicago. 

1843 — First  book  compiled,  printed,  bound  and 
issued  in  Chicago  (Directory  of  1843). 

1844 — First  University,  St.  Mary's  of  the  Lake,  es- 
tablished. 

1845 — First  power  printing  press  placed  in  Chicago 
by  "Long  John"  Wentworth  and  used  by  him  in  print- 
ing the  Chicago  Democrat.  Dearborn  School,  first  per- 
manent public  school  building  built.  First  church  bell 
erected,  on  Unitarian  Church.  County  Court  estab- 
lished. 


22  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

1846 — First  special  assessment  levy  made  for  im- 
provements. Chicago  made  a  port  of  entry. 

1847 — First  law  school  opened.  First  county  hos- 
pital opened  in  "Tippecanoe  Hall." 

1848 — First  telegram  received  in  Chicago  (from  Mil- 
waukee). Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  opened.  First 
United  States  court  opened.  First  railroad,  Galena  and 
Chicago  Union,  operated  from  Chicago.  First  smallpox 
epidemic  and  first  vaccination. 

1849 — Great  storm  and  flood;  damage  to  vessels, 
wharfs,  etc.,  over  $100,000.  Chicago's  second  big  fire, 
Tremont  House  burned  a  second  time  and  twenty  build- 
ings destroyed.  Third  cholera  epidemic.  Bank  panic. 

1850 — City  first  lighted  by  gas.  First  opera  per- 
formed in  the  city.  Stephen  A.  Douglas  delivered  his 
great  speech  in  Chicago. 

1851 — Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  and  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroads  organized. 

1852 — City  waterworks  operated  for  first  time.  First 
through  train  from  the  east  enters  Chicago  over  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  February  20.  First  rail- 
road wreck,  passenger  trains  on  Michigan  Central  and 
Michigan  Southern  railroads  collide  at  Grand  Crossing; 
eighteen  killed.  Office  of  superintendent  of  schools 
created.  Northwestern  University  located. 

1853 — First  labor  strike. 

1854 — Cholera  epidemic;  nearly  1,500  deaths. 

1855 — "Beer  riot."  Main  line  of  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  completed.  Police  department  created.  Di- 
rect drainage  into  river  inaugurated. 

1856 — First  steam  tugs  in  river.  First  suburban 
trains.  First  high  school  opened.  First  sewers  laid. 
First  iron  bridge  built  at  Rush  Street. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  23 

1857 — Destructive  fire;  twenty-three  lives  lost,  and 
$500,000  in  property  loss.  Great  financial  panic. 

1858 — First  street  car  run  in  State  Street.  Paid  fire 
department  organized. 

1859 — Street  car  franchises  granted  by  state  legis- 
lature. 

1860— Loss  of  steamer  Lady  Elgin;  203  deaths. 

1861— Outbreak  of  Civil  War  and  establishment  of 
Camp  Douglas  at  Cottage  Grove  Avenue  and  Thirty- 
third  Street. 

1862 — First  internal  revenue  collector  appointed. 

1863 — City  limits  extended  to  take  in  Bridgeport. 

1864 — Work  commenced  on  first  lake  tunnel. 

1865 — First  lake  crib  placed.  Union  Stockyards 
opened.  Fire  alarm  telegraph  inaugurated. 

1867 — Lake  tunnel  completed,  new  waterworks 
building  and  tower  erected. 

1869 — Washington  Street  tunnel,  first  under  river 
completed.  Park  act  passed. 

1871 — Great  Chicago  Fire— loss  $280,000,000  (Oct.  7, 
8,  9).  City  reincorporated  under  general  law. 

1873 — United  States  Subtreasury  established.  Second 
serious  financial  panic. 

1877 — Savings  bank  crash. 

1882 — Cable  cars  first  operated  by  Chicago  City  Rail- 
way Company. 

1883— Courthouse  and  City  Hall  completed. 

1886 — Anarchists  riots  in  the  Haymarket. 

1889 — Sanitary  district  of  Chicago  created. 

1892 — First  elevated  road  built.  Ground  broken  for 
Drainage  Canal.  University  of  Chicago  founded. 

1893 — World's  Columbian  Exposition  held.  Mayor 
Carter  H.  Harrison,  Sr.,  assassinated. 

1894 — Third  financial  panic. 


24  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

1898 — Union  Elevated  Loop  built. 

1899 — Drainage  Canal  opened.  Corner  stone  of  new 
Federal  Building  laid,  "Chicago  day,"  Oct.  9,  by  Presi- 
dent William  McKinley. 

1902 — Prince  Henry  of  Prussia,  visited  Chicago. 

1903 — Chicago  Centennial  celebration;  Iroquois  Thea 
ter  fire  with  loss  of  575  lives. 

1905 — Chicago  Association  of  Commerce  organized. 

1906 — Municipal  Court  of  Chicago  established  doing 
away  with  old  justice  court  system. 

1907— New  Cook  County  Courthouse  (County  Build- 
ing) completed  at  total  cost  of  $5,000,000.  New  street 
railway  ordinances  passed  and  work  of  rebuilding  lines 
begun. 

1908— William  H.  Taft  nominated  for  President  at 
the  National  Republican  Convention  held  in  Coliseum. 
City  Hall  razed  preparatory  to  erection  of  new  structure. 

PIONEER  RESIDENTS  OF  CHICAGO 

A  list  of  757  old  residents  of  Chicago,  men  and  women 
who  have  lived  in  the  city  or  its  suburbs  for  fifty-seven 
years  or  more,  was  published  December  1,  1907,  by  the 
Chicago  Daily  News  Almanac.  This  wras  not  claimed 
to  be  a  complete  list  of  the  old  residents  of  Chicago  but 
included  probably  the  larger  number  of  those  still  living 
who  were  born  in  Cook  County  or  who  emigrated  here 
at  an  early  day.  Earliest  among  those  named  in  this 
list  were  Adeline  N.  Heartt,  3219  Prairie  Ave.,  Mrs. 
Eleanor  H.  Keenon,  859  Washington  Blvd.,  and 
Charles  Stose,  2440  Indiana  Ave.  Each  of  these  has 
lived  in  Chicago  since  1832,  Mrs.  Keenon  having  been 
born  in  Cook  County  during  that  year.  Among  the 
well  known  names  of  old  settlers  mentioned  are  those  of 
Edwin  O.  and  William  H.  Gale,  both  of  whom  came  to 


GUIDE  .TO  CHICAGO  25 

Chicago  in  1835.  Fernando  Jones,  now  88  years  old, 
came  to  Chicago,  or  as  has  been  frequently  said,  "discov- 
ered" the  city,  during  the  same  year.  Another  name 
familiar  to  the  earliest  Chicagoans,  is  that  of  Mrs.  A. 
Beaubien,  aged  72,  431  South  Willow  Ave.,  who  came  to 
Chicago  in  1839.  George  Fergus  and  John  B.  Fergus, 
both  born  in  Cook  County,  the  former  in  1840  and  the 
latter  in  1844,  are  also  named  in  the  old  settler  list. 
Ossian  Guthrie,  who  died  during  the  last  year,  is  also 
named,  his  age  being  given  as  81  years.  Another  death 
among  the  ranks  of  the  founders  of  Chicago  during 
1908  was  that  of  Alexander  Beaubien.  According  to 
Mr.  Beaubien's  statement  he  was  born  in  1822  in  a  log 
cabin  located  where  the  Auditorium  building  now 
stands.  For  many  years  he  was  in  the  police  service  of 
the  city  and  resided  at  98  Whipple  St.,  West  Side. 

Recalling  early  days  in  Chicago,  Mr.  George  Fergus 
is  quoted  as  saying  that  in  1846  Chicago  had  only  one 
block  of  paving  and  that  was  of  wood.  This  was  the 
square  from  State  to  Dearborn  Streets  in  Lake  Street. 
It  consisted  of  planks  laid  sloping  from  the  center  of  the 
street  to  the  sides.  Later  plank  roads  were  built  on 
State  Street  and  Milwaukee  Avenue.  On  the  latter 
thoroughfare  only  one  side  of  the  street  was  covered  and 
this  was  reserved  for  the  use  of  vehicles  proceeding  city- 
ward. Those  going  in  the  opposite  direction  were 
compelled  to  take  the  dirt  road,  muddy  in  winter  and 
dusty  in  summer. 

NATIONALITIES  IN  CHICAGO 

During  recent  years  Constantinople,  with  its  mature 
reputation  as  the  most  cosmopolitan  city  of  the  world, 
has  been  compelled  by  linguistic  statisticians  to  yield 
the  palm  to  Chicago,  the  world's  newest  large  city.  First 


26  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

honors  in  cosmopolitanism  have  been  awarded  to  the 
western  metropolis  on  the  score  of  there  being  fourteen 
languages  besides  English  spoken  here  by  permanent 
colonies  of  more  than  10,000  persons  each,  and  in  all 
some  forty  different  tongues.  The  cosmopolitanism  of 
Cairo  and  Constantinople  is  defined  as  transient  and 
that  of  Chicago  as  enduring.  Travelers  who  have  gone 
into  ecstasies  over  the  spectacle  of  the  hordes  of  strange 
visaged  races  tramping  all  day  the  rickety  old  bridge  of 
boats  across  the  Golden  Horn  between  Stamboul  and 
Galata  may  know  that  Chicago  holds  a  dozen  such 
quarters  where  the  confusion  of  tongues  is  the  worst 
since  Babel.  The  linguistic  situation  which  obtains  in 
Chicago  has  been  called  "an  unparalleled  babel  of  for- 
eign tongues." 

In  the  cities  of  the  Orient  only  a  few  of  these  languages 
are  spoken  by  large  bodies  of  the  population  whereas  in 
Chicago  many  of  the  forty  tongues  heard  here  are 
spoken  by  thousands.  Newspapers  appear  regularly  in 
ten  languages  and  church  services  may  be  heard  in 
about  twenty  languages. 

Chicago  is  the  second  largest  Bohemian  city  in  the 
world,  the  third  Swedish,  the  'third  Norwegian,  the 
fourth  Polish,  the  fifth  German.  In  all  there  are  some 
forty  foreign  languages  spoken  by  numbers  ranging 
from  half  a  dozen  to  half  a  million  and  aggregating  over 
1,000,000. 

Temporary  residence  in  the  foreign  quarters  of  the 
city  proves  that  they  really  are  little  cities  within  the 
metropolis,  each  speaking  its  own  language,  clinging  to 
its  hereditary  customs,  and  in  large  part  governing  it- 
self. In  studying  the  linguistic  conditions  of  the  sec- 
ond and  third  generations  from  foreign  born  parents  it 
is  discovered  that  the  children  of  immigrants  generally 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  27 

speak  English  as  well  as  their  native  tongue,  but  that 
the  grandchildren,  as  a  rule,  never  learn  the  foreign  lan- 
guage and  speak  only  English. 

The  following  list  enumerates  the  different  national- 
ties  to  be  found  in  Chicago  and  the  approximate  num- 
ber of  persons  speaking  their  native  tongues: 

German 500,000  Roumanian 2,000 

Irish 180,000  Slovenian 2,000 

Polish 125,000  Flemish 2,000 

Swedish 100,000  Welsh 2,000 

Bohemian 90,000  Chinese 1,000 

English 53,000  Spanish 1,000 

Norwegian 50,000  Finnish 500 

Yiddish 50,000  Lettic 500 

Canadian 41,000  Arabic 250 

Dutch 35,000  Armenian 100 

Italian 25,000  Manx 100 

Scotch 21,000  Icelandic 100 

Danish 20,000  Albanian 100 

French 15,000  Bulgarian,  less  than  . .    100 

Croatian  and  Servian  10,000  Turkish,  less  than  ....    100 

Slovakian 10,000  Japanese,  less  than  .. .    100 

Lithuanian 10,000  Portugese,  less  than .  .    100 

Russian 7,000  Breton,  less  than 100 

Hungarian 5,000  Esthonian,  less  than...   100 

Greek 4,000  Basque,  less  than 100 

Frisian 2,000   Gypsy,  less  than 100 

CHICAGO  AS  A  BANKING  CENTER 

Already  Chicago  is  one  of  the  great  banking  centers  of 
the  United  States  and  with  its  rapid  growth,  its  geo- 
graphical location  and  natural  resources  it  is  destined  to 
become  vastly  superior  in  this  respect  in  the  future.  Its 
present  position  as  a  financial  point  of  the  first  impor- 


28  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

tance  has  been  attained  during  a  comparatively  short 
period  and  in  this  brief  time  the  newest  large  city  of  the 
country  has  distanced  many  of  the  older  cities  of  the 
Eastern  states.  Today  the  volume  of  business  trans- 
acted by  its  banks  is  second  only  to  that  of  New  York. 
The  sphere  of  usefulness  and  activity  of  its  banks  year 
by  year  has  been  enlarged  until  now  the  entire  country 
is  doing  business  with  them. 

During  the  seven  years  intervening  between  1900  and 
1907  the  banking  facilities  of  Chicago  were  largely  aug- 
mented. In  no  other  like  period  has  there  been  so 
rapid  and  substantial  a  growth.  The  banks  increased 
in  number  from  thirty-three  to  fifty-six;  their  capital 
from  $30,072,000  to  $54,600,000,  or  eighty-two  per  cent; 
and  their  aggregate  resources  from  $401,977,000  to 
$833,225,000,  or  107  per  cent.  Surplus  and  undivided 
profits  showed  increase  from  $22,811,826  to  $50,563,384, 
or  121.66  per  cent.  Total  deposits  grew  from  $343,672,- 
605  to  $702,447,462,  or  104.4  per  cent.  The  total  clear- 
ings of  the  Chicago  banks  for  1906  amounted  to$ll,047,- 
311,890,  an  increase  over  1900  of  $4,247,776,292,  or 
62.46  per  cent.  The  first  six  months  of  1907  showed  a 
gain  of  $770,779,921  over  the  corresponding  period  of 
1906.  Clearings  for  June,  1907,  amounted  to  consid- 
erably over  $1,000,000,000  and  show  a  gain  of  $122,- 
859,000  as  compared  with  June,  1906. 

The  amount  of  money  on  deposit  with  banks  of  Chi- 
cago to  the  credit  of  banks  in  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try has  increased  90.9  per  cent  in  the  last  seven  years 
and  on  May  20,  1907,  amounted  to  $228,522,124.  Upon 
these  balances  as  a  basis,  the  banks  of  Chicago  during 
1906  shipped  in  actual  currency  through  the  Sub- 
Treasury  to  their  correspondents  in  the  south  and  west 
$175,000,000,  of  which  amount  $84,000,000— nearly 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  29 

one-half  went  during  the  last  four  months  of  the  year. 
The  organization,  since  the  passage  by  Congress  of  the 
Amendatory  Act  of  March  14,  1900,  of  hundreds  of 
national  banks  of  $25,000  capital  in  the  great  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  as  well  as  in  the  south,  the 
most  of  which  are  carrying  a  portion  of  their  reserve 
with  Chicago  banks,  has  still  further  linked  Chicago  to 
the  commercial  growth  of  the  interior  of  the  country. 
Chicago  is  and  always  will  be  one  of  the  great  financial 
centers  of  the^United  States,  due  to  the  facilities  it  pos- 
sesses for  handling  the  vast  inland  commerce  of  the 
country,  the  conservative  methods  of  its  banks  and 
business  men  and  to  its  present  commanding  financial 
position. 

CHICAGO  AS  AN  ART,  MUSICAL,  LITERARY  AND 
DRAMATIC  CENTER 

It  has  often  been  asserted  without  dispute  that  Chi- 
cago is  a  center  of  finance,  a  great  railway  center  and  a, 
center  of  manufacture.  It  may  be  added  also  that  it 
is  a  center  of  political,  religious  and  sociological  agita- 
tion for  the  whole  country.  There  are  those,  however,, 
who  would  hesitate  to  call  it  a  great  educational  center, 
or  a  center  of  any  of  the  arts.  Investigation,  however, 
discloses  the  fact  that  as  an  educational  center  there  is 
no  city  in  the  country  of  greater  importance  than  Chi- 
cago. This,  too,  applies  as  well  to  instruction  in  music 
and  art  as  in  professional  or  general  lines.  When  the 
unique  position  of  Chicago  and  the  great  population 
tributary  to  it  is  taken  into  consideration  it  is  impossible 
to  overestimate  the  importance  of  all  that  is  done  in  the 
city  in  the  domain  of  commerce,  politics,  religion  or  art. 
It  may  also  be  asserted  justly  that  Chicago  is  a  center  of 
art. 


30  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

An  art  center  is  a  place  where  people  come  for  inspira- 
tion and  education;  a  place  from  which  an  artistic  in- 
fluence radiates;  where  a  professional  artist  may  gain  a 
livelihood  by  following  his  profession,  where  there  are 
collections  of  artistic  objects,  and  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  persons  who  appreciate  the  good  in  painting, 
sculpture  and  architecture.  Chicago  possesses  all  of 
these  qualifications. 

It  is  generally  admitted  that  the  center  of  art  in  Chi- 
cago is  the  Art  Institute.  (See  Points  of  Interest.)  It 
has  just  completed  the  twenty-sixth  year  of  its  exist- 
ence. The  wide  support  given  the  Art  Institute  by  all 
classes  is  indicated  in  the  fact  that  its  fine  building  has 
been  erected,  its  collections  purchased  and  its  work 
conducted  entirely  by  voluntary  subscriptions. 

A  School  of  Art  and  Design  has  been  maintained  in 
Chicago  since  1866.  Only  two  cities  of  the  country — 
New  York  and  Philadelphia — established  such  a  school 
earlier  than  Chicago.  In  1879  the  earlier  institution 
known  as  the  Academy  of  Design  was  replaced  by  the 
Art  Institute.  For  the  first  three  years  of  its  existence 
The  Art  Institute  occupied  rented  quarters. 

Then  it  built  for  itself  a  small  brick  building  in  Van 
Buren  St.,  and  four  years  later  erected  the  building  now 
owned  by  the  Chicago  Club.  This  it  soon  outgrew,  and 
in  1893,  assisted  by  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition 
it  built  its  present  home  upon  the  lake  front.  In  this 
building  are  installed  a  public  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  and 
a  School  of  Art  and  Design.  The  Museum  was  formally 
opened  in  Dec.,  1893.  It  has  not  been  closed  to  the 
public  a  single  day  since  that  time — surely  a  record  to  be 
proud  of. 

The  Art  Institute  is  nobly  democratic.  It  exists  for 
the  people  and  that  they  appreciate  its  advantages  is 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  31 

indicated  in  the  annual  attendance  figures.  During 
the  last  ten  years  the  number  of  visitors  to  the  Museum 
has  exceeded  that  of  any  other  art  museum  in  the  coun- 
try, not  even  excepting  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art  in  New  York  City.  For  several  years  it  has  ex- 
ceeded 700,000.  This  number  is  more  than  twice  as 
large  as  the  attendance  at  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine 
Arts  and  four  times  as  great  as  that  of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy.  In  the  School  of  Art  and  Design  the  enroll- 
ment so  far  this  year  exceeds  4,000. 

The  existence  of  the  Art  Institute  alone  would  make 
Chicago  an  art  center  of  no  mean  pretensions.  Aside 
from  it,  however,  there  is  in  the  city  an  ever-increasing 
number  of  artists  of  conspicuous  ability  and  attainment 
and  they  are  able  to  maintain  themselves  here  by  their 
profession.  While  there  are  only  a  few  private  col- 
lections of  paintings  and  sculpture  of  any  considerable 
size  in  Chicago  there  area  large  numberx>f  good  pictures 
scattered  about  among  its  homes,  and  many  collectors 
of  objects  of  art. 

In  the  realm  of  music  Chicago  has  taken  front  rank 
among  American  cities.  Particularly  famous  is  it  as 
the  home  of  the  Theodore  Thomas  Orchestra,  an  organ- 
ization second  to  none  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States. 
(See  Orchestra  Hall,  under  "Points  of  Interest.")  In 
addition  to  this  institution  there  are  numerous  other 
musical  organizations  of  high  standing  such  as  the 
Apollo  Musical  Club,  the  Germania  Maennerchor  and 
Irish  Choral  Society.  The  Musical  Colleges  of  Chicago 
are  distinguished  for  their  excellent  teaching  corps, 
including  as  they  do  names  of  international  renown  in 
the  world  of  Music.  A  number  of  individual  musical 
artists  of  high  merit  who  first  attained  fame  in  Chicago 
have  since  conquered  the  more  critical  European  centers 


32  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

through  the  excellence  of  their  work.  Musically  Chica- 
go now  occupies  an  established  position  which  will  be 
strengthened  as  the  city  more  nearly  approaches  its 
ultimate  esthetic  maturity. 

In  literature  and  the  drama  Chicago  has  made  con- 
spicuous progress  during  the  last  two  decades.  A 
Chicago  author  no  longer  is  a  rarity  and  more  than 
one  playwright,  who  received  his  first  inspiration  from 
the  life  of  Chicago,  and  his  earliest  encouragement 
from  a  Chicago  audience,  has  gone  on  to  further  success, 
not  only  of  local  but  of  national  scope.  Notable  among 
the  influences  that  'have  served  to  advance  apprecia- 
tion of  the  literary  drama  in  Chicago  should  be  men- 
tioned the  Donald  Robertson  players,  who  produce 
classical  plays  with  an  excellent  company;  the  French 
Club  and  Alliance  Francaise,  which  organizations  com- 
bine in  the  production  of  classic  French  dramas;  the 
German  Theater,  giving  German  drama  on  Sunday 
evenings  at  Powers  Theater;  and  the  Hull  House  Theater 
where  classic  Greek  tragedies  have  been  given  by  na- 
tives of  Greece,  as.  well  as  other  dramas  of  merit,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Hull  House  authorities. 

In  a  list  of  this  character  the  great  libraries  of  Chicago 
should  not  be  omitted.  Chief  among  these  are  the  Public, 
dewberry,  and  John  Crerar  libraries  (treated  at 
length  elsewhere  in  this  book)  and  secondary  in  impor- 
tance, though  first  in  special  fields,  are  the  Ryerson  li- 
brary of  the  Art  Institute,  the  Chicago  Historical  Society 
library  and  the  libraries  of  the  University  of  Chicago 
and  of  Northwestern  University.  Libraries  of  consider- 
able extent  also  are  maintained  by  Lewis  Institute,  and 
the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute.  The  Academy  of  Sciences 
library,  in  Lincoln  Park,  consists  principally  of  the  pub- 
lications of  learned  societies  and  especially  is  rich  in  the 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  33 

literature  of  photography,  zoology,  geology  and  allied 
sciences.  The  library  of  the  Field  Museum  likewise  is  a 
scientific  one  and  is  designed  for  reference  purposes 
only. 

Other  agencies  that  make  for  general  culture  along 
artistic  and  literary  lines  in  Chicago  are  the  University 
Extension  Lectures,  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  the 
Daily  News  Lectures,  Northwestern  University  Lectures, 
Art  Institute  Series  of  Lectures  (free  to  members  who 
have  paid  $10  annual  fee)  and  the  Lecture  Courses- of 
the  Public  Schools.  In  addition  to  these,  lectures  that 
are  free  to  the  public,  are  given  at  the  Field  Museum  of 
Natural  History.  A  course  of  lectures  also  is  given  by 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  at  its  Central  headquarters,  153  La 
Salle  St.  An  admission  fee  is  charged.  In  addition  to 
all  this  it  should  be  noted  that  the  social  settlements  all 
over  the  city  offer  a  wide  variety  of  lecture  courses,  of 
the  best  character,  in  their  respective  neighborhoods. 

RAILWAY  STATIONS 

Strangers  arriving  in  Chicago  may  ascertain  at  the 
Information  Window  in  depots,  or  of  any  uniformed 
attendant,  what  street  car  to  take  to  any  desired  section 
of  the  city.  Don't  be  afraid  to  ask  questions.  Depot 
officials  are  paid  to  answer  them.  Accept  no  advice 
from  ununiformed  strangers.  (For  down  town  ticket 
offices  see  page  35). 

Central  Station 

Michigan  Ave.  and  Twelfth  Ct.  Reached  by  any 
south  bound  car  in  State  St.  or  Wabash  Ave.  Leave 
car  at  Twelfth  St.  and  walk  east.  Also  by  South  Side 
Elevated,  Twelfth  St.  station,  and  walk  two  blocks  east, 
or  Twelfth  St.  car  east  bound,  and  walk  east  two  blocks 
from  terminus. 


34  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  (Big 
Four);  Michigan  Central;  Illinois  Central;  Wisconsin 
Central;  Chicago,  Cincinnati  and  Louisville,  and  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  trains  arrive  at  and  depart  from  this 
station. 

Union  Passenger  Station 

Adams  and  CanaKSts.  Reached  by  any  west  bound  car 
in  Adams  St.  marked  "Union  Depot"  or  by  west  bound 
Madison  St.  cars  to  Canal  and  walk  two  blocks  south. 
Also  by  Metropolitan  Elevated  two  blocks  north  from 
Canal  St.  station. 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy;  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul ;  Chicago  &  Alton ;  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
and  St.  Louis,  (Pan  Handle);  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
&  Chicago,  (Fort  Wayne  Route),  the  two  last  named 
comprising  the  Pennsylvania  Lines. 

Grand  Central  Station 

Fifth  Ave.  and  Harrison  St.  reached  by  any  south 
bound  car  except  in  Wabash  Ave.,  transferring  to  west 
bound  car  in  Harrison  St.,  or  by  west  bound  cars,  trans- 
ferring south  in  Fifth  Ave. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio ;  Chicago,  Great  Western ;  Chicago 
(Terminal  Transfer  and  Pere  Marquette  R.  R. 

La  Salle  Street  Station 

All  elevated  trains  pass  its  entrance;  any  surface  cars 
to  the  Loop  and  short  walk  to  the  station. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific ;  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern,  (New  York  Central  Lines); New  York, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  (Nickel  Plate);  Chicago  &  Eastern 
Illinois,  (Frisco  Line)  and  Chicago,  Indiana  &  Southern. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  35 

Dearborn  Station 

Dearborn  and  Polk  Sts.  Reached  by  any  south  bound 
car  in  State,  Dearborn  or  Clark  Sts.,  also  by  elevated 
Railroad  to  Dearborn  St.  station,  walk  south  three 
blocks. 

Wabash  Lines  (east  and  west) ;  Chicago,  Indianapolis, 
&  Louisville,  (Monon  Route);  Grand  Trunk;  Chicago  & 
Western  Indiana;  Chicago  Belt  Line;  Chicago  &  Erie; 
Santa  Fe,  and  Canadian  Pacific,  (sleeper  only). 

Northwestern  Station 

Corner  Wells  and  Kinzie  Sts.  Reached  by  North- 
western Elevated,  (connecting  with  all  other  elevated 
lines  on  loop)  or  by  Riverview  Park,  Sedgwick  St., 
Southport  Ave.,  or  Wells  St.  cars. 

Trains  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Ry.  only  ar- 
rive at  and  depart  from  this  station.  Most  suburban 
trains  enter  and  depart  from  Annex  directly  south  of 
Main  Station. 

A  building  permit  has  been  issued  and  work  begun 
on  a  new  station  which  is  to  cost  $4,000,000  for  the 
building  alone.  It  will  have  the  largest  cubic  contents 
of  any  building  in  Chicago.  The  front  of  the  station 
will  face  Madison  St.,  between  Canal  and  Clinton  Sts., 
extending  four  blocks  north. 

RAILWAY  TICKET  OFFICES 

Practically  all  railway  ticket  offices  will  be  found  in 
Clark  St.  from  Monroe  St.  to  Jackson  Boulevard  or  in 
Adams  St.  between  Dearborn  and  La  Salle  Sts.  Step 
into  the  first  one  you  come  to  and  inquire  for  the  one 
you  want,  or  secure  address  from  telephone  or  city  di- 
rectory. Steamship  tickets  may  be  obtained  at  offices 
of  the  respective  companies  previously  listed. 


36  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

LAKE  STEAMSHIP  LINES 

The  principal  lake  steamship  passenger  lines  whose 
boats  may  be  taken  from  Chicago  for  ports  on  the  Great 
Lakes  are  the  following: 

Barry  Bros.  Transportation  Co.,  foot  of  Michigan  Ave. 

Benton  Transit  Co.,  foot  of  Michigan  St.,  North  Side. 

Chicago-South  Haven  Line,  7  Rush  St. 

Dunkley- Williams  Co.,  7  Rush  St. 

Goodrich  Transit  Co.,  foot  of  Michigan  Ave. 

Graham  &  Morton  Transportation  Co.,  48  River  St. 

Indiana  Transportation  Co.,  south  end  Clark  St. 
bridge. 

Manitou  Steamship  Co.,  7  Rush  St. 

Michigan  City-Chicago  Line  Steamers,  south  end 
Clark  St.  bridge. 

Northern  Michigan  Transportation  Co.,  foot  of  Mich- 
igan Ave. 

South  Haven  Line,  7  Rush  St. 

Western  States  Line,  2  Wells  St. 

Lake  Steamship  Landings 

The  principal  landings  of  the  Lake  Michigan  steam- 
ship lines  are  located  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
Chicago  River  and  the  foot  of  Michigan  Avenue,  River 
Street  and  Rush  Street.  Other  lines  dock  at  the  north 
and  south  ends  of  the  Clark  Street  bridge.  Tickets  for 
all  points  on  the  Great  Lakes  may  be  purchased  at  the 
offices  of  the  various  companies  which  in  most  cases  are 
to  be  found  at  the  steamship  landings.  During  the 
summer  months  excursions  are  made  to  nearby  points 
both  during  the  day  and  at  night,  the  fares  ranging 
from  35  cents  for  a  "moonlight  trip"  to  50  cents  or  $1.00 
to  the  popular  resorts  on  the  Michigan  and  Indiana 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  37 

shores.  Many  of  the  boats  have  very  large  carrying 
capacity  and  afford  both  rapid  and  safe  means  of  trans- 
portation between  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  and  scores  of 
smaller  cities  on  Lake  Michigan. 

CAB  AND  HACK  RATES 

One  horse  vehicle,  for  one  or  two  passengers,  50  cents- 
per  mile;  for  each  additional  passenger,  25  cents  per 
mile  Children  between  5  and  14  years,  half  fare;  under 
5,  no  charge.  By  the  hour  the  tariff  is  $1.00  for  each 
hour  or  part  thereof. 

Two  horse  vehicle,  for  one  or  two  passengers,  $1.00  a 
mile ;  for  each  additional  passenger,  50  cents  a  mile.  By 
the  hour,  $2.00  for  the  first  hour,  and  $1.50  for  each  addi- 
tional hour  or  fraction  thereof. 

The  passenger  is  privileged  to  carry  75  pounds  of 
baggage  on  either  the  one  or  two  horse  vehicles  without 
additional  charge. 

TAXICABS 

The  taxicab  is  an  automobile  landaulette  seating  four 
people.  Fares  are  plainly  indicated  on  the  taximeter, 
so  the  passengers  cannot  be  overcharged.  The  rates  are 
as  follows: 

For  one  or  two  passengers  :  First  mile  50  cents  and  10 
cents  for  each  ^  mile  therafter.  For  three  or  four  pas- 
sengers: First  mile  70  cents  and  15  cents  for  each  {  mile 
thereafter.  Waiting  time  is  charged  at  the  rate  of  1O 
cents  for  each  six  minutes.  Twenty  cents  each  is 
charged  for  trunks  and  parcels  carried  outside.  Door- 
men at  all  hotels,  depots  and  clubs  will  call  a  taxicab 
upon  request.  All  taxicabs  are  painted  red,  and  door 
panels  bear  the  monogram  of  the  company  operating 
the  service. 


38  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

BAGGAGE  TRANSFER 

Representatives  of  the  baggage  transfer  companies 
come  through  the  trains  as  they  enter  the  city,  giving 
the  transfer  company's  checks  in  exchange  for  regular 
baggage  checks,  and  will  arrange  for  transfer  of  bag- 
gage to  any  other  station^  hotel  or  residence  within  the 
city  at  lowest  rates. 

Baggage  may  be  checked  through  to  destination  when 
leaving  city,  if  you  have  procured  your  ticket,  by  calling 
up  the  Parmelee  Transfer  Company,  'phone  Harrison 
1914,  or  Frank  E.  Scott  Transfer  Co.,  'phone  Harrison 
482,  who  will  deliver  the  trunk  to  the  depot  checked 
through  to  destination.  The  transfer  company  wagons 
make  regular  trips  to  all  sections  of  the  city  but  if  a 
special  wagon  has  to  be  sent  the  charge  will  be  higher. 
When  baggage  is  to  be  taken  in  the  afternoon  give  order 
early  in  the  morning.  If  in  the  morning,  give  order  the 
evening  before. 

EXPRESS  OFFICES 

Express  companies  receive,  forward  and  deliver  mer- 
chandise, bonds,  valuables  and  money  They  also  de- 
liver money  by  telegraph  and  issue  money  orders  in 
convenient  form,  and  for  any  amount,  payable  at  any  of 
their  offices  in  this  or  foreign  countries: 

Adams  Express  Co.,  63  Washington  St.  Phone 
Central  1355. 

American  Express  Co.,  75  Monroe  St.,  Phone  Central 
522. 

National  Express  Co.,  189  La  Salle  St.,  Phone  Cen- 
tral 6244. 

Northern  Express  Co.,  191  La  Salle  St.,  Phone  Cen- 
tral 6244. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  39 

Pacific  Express  Co.,  307  Dearborn  St.,  Phone  Harri- 
son 4196. 

United  States  Express  Co.,  87  Washington  St., 
Phone  Central  2023. 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  Taylor  St.  and  Plymouth  Place, 
Phone  Harrison  4150. 

The  above  are  main  offices.  Branches  are  scattered 
throughout  the  city,  especially  in  the  principal  drug 
stores. 

DISTANCES  IN  CHICAGO 

From  Madison  Street  North:  Chicago  Ave.  1  mile; 
North  Ave.  2  miles;  Fullerton  Ave.  3  miles;  Belmont 
Ave.  4  miles;  Irving  Park  Blvd.  5  miles;  Lawrence  Ave. 
6  miles;  Bryn  Mawr  Ave.  7  miles;  Devon  Ave.  8  miles; 
TouhyAve.  9  miles;  City  Limits  9£  miles.  Immediately 
beyond  the  limits  is  the  city  of  Evanston. 

From  Madison  Street  South:  Twelfth  St.  1  mile; 
Twenty-second  St.  2  miles;  Thirty-first  St.  3  miles; 
Thirty-ninth  St.  4  miles;  Forty-seventh  St.  5  miles; 
Fifty-fifth  St.  6  miles;  Sixty-third  St.  7  miles;  Seventy- 
first  St.  8  miles;  Seventy-ninth  St.  9  miles;  Eighty-sev- 
enth St.  10  miles;  Ninety-fifth  St.  11  miles;  One  hundred 
and  third  St.  12  miles;  One  hundred  and  eleventh  St. 
13  miles;  One  hundred  and  ninteenth  St.  14  miles; 
city  limits  16^  miles.  The  Indiana  State  line  extends 
somewhat  north  of  the  southern  city  limits  near  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan. 

From  State  Street  West :  Halsted  St.  1  mile ;  Ashland 
Ave.  2  miles;  Western  Ave.  3  miles;  Kedzie  Ave.  4  miles; 
Fortieth  Ave.  5  miles;  Forty-eighth  Ave.  6  miles;  Cen- 
tral Park  Ave.  7  miles;  city  limits  1\  miles  west  from 
State  and  Madison  Sts.  At  points  further  north  and 


40  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

south  than  this  the  city  extends  to  its  greatest  width  of 
14J  miles. 

From  State  Street  East :  At  State  and  Madison  Sts. 
the  lake  lies  about  |  mile  to  the  east  and  at  Thirteenth 
St.  even  this  distance  is  reduced.  From  Thirteenth  St. 
south,  however,  the  lake  front  recedes  until  at  Eighty- 
seventh  St.  it  is  4J  miles  from  State  St.  to  the  lake. 

DIVISIONS  OF  THE  CITY* 

Chicago  is  divided  into  sections  known  as: 

The  Loop,  comprising  the  territory,  strictly  speaking, 
within  the  Elevated  Railway  Loop,  or  the  downtown 
business  district,  but  in  reality  the  section  familiarly 
termed  the  "Loop"  by  Chicagoans  extends  from  about 
Harrison  St.  on  the  south  to  the  Chicago  River  on  the 
north  and  from  the  South  Branch  of  the  river  on  the 
west  to  Grant  Park  on  the  east. 

The  South  Side  comprises  all  territory  south  of  the 
Chicago  River  and  east  of  the  south  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago River.  This  embraces  the  Loop  district. 

The  West  Side  comprises  all  territory  west  of  the  north 
and  south  branches  of  the  Chicago  River. 

The  North  Side  comprises  all  territory  north  of  the 
Chicago  River  and  east  of  the  North  Branch. 

THE  STREET  CAR  SYSTEM 

The  surface  lines  covering  North  and  West  Side  ter- 
ritory are  under  control  of  the  Chicago  Railways  Com- 
pany while  those  of  the  South  Side  are  managed  by  the 
Chicago  City  Railway  Company.  The  only  exception 
are  the  lines  controlled  by  the  Chicago  General  Railway 
Company.  The  most  important  of  these  is  the  Twenty 
second  Street  line  which  starts  at  Wabash  Avenue  and 


*  See  map  of  the  City  Divisions. 


MAP  OF  THE 
CITY  DIVISIONS 


DIVISIONS  OF  THE  CITY.— The  outline  map  presented  on  this  page  indi- 
cates very  clearly  the  three  divisions  into  which  Chicago  is  separated.  These  arc- 
officially  denned  as  the  North,  South  and  West  Divisions,  but  in  common  parlance 
are  referred  to  as  "Sides."  As  is  shown  by  the  map,  the  North  Side  comprises  all 
territory  north  of  the  Chicago  River  and  east  of  the  North  Branch ;  the  South  Side 
all  territory  south  of  the  Chicago  River  and  east  of  the  South  Branch  ;  the  West  Side 
the  entire  area  west  of  the  branches  of  the  river.  The  Loop  District,  or  principal  do\m- 
town  section,  is  embraced  within  and  closely  adjacent  to  the  Elevated  Railroad  Loop. 


42  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Twenty-second  Street  and  runs  west  in  Twenty-second 
to  South  Fortieth  Avenue.  Another  line  belonging  to 
this  company  is  called  the  Drainage  Canal  line.  This 
starts  at  West  Twenty-second  and  Rockwell  Streets  and 
runs  south  in  Rockwell  Street  to  West  Twenty-fifth 
thence  west  to  South  Lawndale  Avenue  and  in  Lawndale 
Avenue  to  West  Thirtieth  St.  The  Stockyards  line  of 
the  General  Railway  starts  at  West  Twenty-second  and 
Wood  Streets,  runs  east  in  Twenty-second  to  Throop 
Street,  south  in  Throop  and  Morgan  Streets  to  Thirty- 
ninth  Street  and  to  the  north  gate  of  the  Union  Stock 
Yards.  Transfers  are  not  interchanged  between  the 
Chicago  General  Railway  Company  and  the  other  lines 
of  the  city. 

Chicago's  street  car  system  spreads  over  widely  ex- 
tended territory.  Of  elevated  track  there  are  182 
miles  owned  by  four  companies  with  a  total  capitaliza- 
tion of  $95,037,700.  The  surface  lines  comprise  933 
miles  of  track,  not  counting  the  many  suburban  lines, 
the  total  capitalization  of  the  surface  companies  being 
$113,263,800. 

From  the  Loop  district,  or  in  fact  any  part  of  the 
city,  one  may  get  a  street  car,  either  direct,  or  by  trans- 
fer, to  any  other  section.  The  system  is  complicated 
but  upon  inquiry  the  right  car  may  easily  be  had. 

The  surface  systems  cover  a  territory  26  miles  long 
by  9  wide  and  by  its  lines  one  may  reach  any  desired 
point  in  the  city  for  a  single  five-rent  fare,  except  orer 
the  lines  of  the  Chicago  General  Railway,  and  to  South 
Chicago,  Kensington,  Pullman  and  suburbs  in  that  ter- 
ritory. From  the  Loop  section  radiate  about  twenty 
main  trunk  lines,  each  carrying  the  cars  of  one  or  more 
sub-trunk  lines  and  the  surface  cars  arriving  at  and  de- 
parting from  the  Loop  daily  number  far  into  the  thou- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  43 

sands.  Transfers  are  given,  if  requested,  when  fare  is 
paid  and  transfers  may  be  had  on  transfers,  for  indefi- 
nite travel  in  the  same  general  direction  within  the  city 
limits.  Under  the  new  through  routing  arrangement 
one  may  ride  from  Seventy-ninth  St.  on  the  south  to 
the  extreme  city  limits  on  the  north,  a  distance  of  18 J 
miles,  for  a  single  five-cent  fare  and  by  transfer  it  is 
possible  to  ride  even' much  further  than  this  for  one  fare. 
Generally  speaking  any  part  of  the  North  Side  may 
be  reached  by  North  Clark  St.  cars  and  transfer;  any 
part  of  the  Northwest  Side  by  Milwaukee  Ave.  or  Elston 
Ave.  cars  and  transfer;  any  part  of  the  West  Side  by 
Madison  Street  or  Twelfth  Street  ca,rs  and  transfer  and 
any  part  of  the  South  Side  by  Wentworth  Ave.,  State 
St.,  Indiana  Ave.  or  Cottage  Grove  Ave.  cars  and  trans- 
fer, though  to  the  initiated,  time  may  often  be  saved  by 
the  use  of  other  lines.  The  old-style,  wooden  cars 
are  rapidly  being  replaced  by  large  heavy  modern  steel 
cars  and  soon  Chicago  will  have  a  street  car  system 
second  ,to  none^in  convenience  and  modern  equipment. 
New  and  heavy  grooved  rails  are  being  laid  all  over  the 
city  to  meet  the  requirements  of  increased  traffic  and 
weightier  rolling  stock.  The  new  street  cars  are  pro- 
vided with  extra  wide  platforms  with  room  for  separate 
exit  and  entrance.  On  these  cars  the  conductor  stands 
at  the  entrance  and  collects  fares  as  passengers  enter. 

INTERURBAN  ELECTRIC  LINES 

Aurora,  Elgin  &  Chicago — Connects  with  the  Metro- 
politan Elevated. 

Calumet  Electric — Connects  with  the  South  Side  Ele- 
vated at  Stony  Island  Ave.  station,  in  Sixty-third  St. 

Chicago  &  Harlem — Connects  with  Lake  St.  Elevated. 


44  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Chicago  &  Joliet — Connects  at  Forty-eighth  Ave.  with 
Metropolitan  Elevated. 

Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Electric — Connects  with  North- 
western Elevated  and  Chicago  Railways  Company's 
surface  lines. 

Chicago  Electric  Traction — Connects  at  Sixty-third 
St.  with  South  Side  Elevated  and  City  Railway  surface 
lines. 

Hammond,  Whiting  &  East  Chicago  Electric — Con- 
nects at  Sixty-third  St.  with  South  Side  Elevated  and 
City  Railway  lines. 

South  Chicago  City — Connects  at  Sixty-third  St. 
with  South  Side  Elevated  and  Chicago  City  Railway. 

Fox  Lake  &  Waukegan — Connects  with  Chicago  and 
Milwaukee  Electric,  which  see  above. 

STREET  NAMES  AND  NUMBERS 

Under  the  new  system  of  street  naming  and  number- 
ing, just  now  being  put  into  effect,  State  St.  will  be  the 
north  and  south  base  line  and  all  streets  running  east 
and  west  will  start  with  No.  1  and  2  at  State  St.,  but  east 
of  that  street  will  have  the  prefix  "East."  For  instance 
Chicago  Ave.  will  be  Chicago  Ave.  west  of  State  St.  but 
"East  Chicago  Ave  "  east  of  that  street.  Madison  St.  is 
to  be  the  east  and  west  base  line  and  all  north  and 
south  streets  start  with  No.  1  and  2  at  that  street. 
South  of  Madison  St.  there  is  to  be  no  prefix  but  north 
of  that  street  the  prefix  "North"  is  used.  It  will  be, 
for  instance,  simply  Halsted  St.  south  of  Madison  St. 
and  "North  Halsted"  north  of  Madison  St. 

There  will  be  800  numbers  only  to  the  mile  in  all 
parts  of  the  city,  except  between  Madison  and  Thirty- 
first  Sts.,  where  for  good  reasons,  1200  numbers  to  the 
mile  have  been  assigned.  By  turning  to  the  "Distance 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  45 

Table"  on  page  39  it  will  be  seen  that  Halsted  St.  is 
one  mile  west  of  State  St.,  therefore,  the  house  num- 
ber at  Halsted  St.  on  any  east  and  west  street  will  be 
800;  at  Ashland  Ave.  1600,  etc.  North  of  Madison  St. 
on  any  north  and  south  street  one  will  find  No.  800  at 
Chicago  Ave.,  1600  at  North  Ave.,  etc.  On  the  South 
Side  the  house  numbers  correspond  with  the  number  of 
the  street  so  that  if  one  wishes  to  go  to  No.  4700  that 
number  will  be  found  at  Forty-seventh  St.  The  highest 
house  number  on  the  north  is  7600,  on  the  south  13800, 
on  the  east  4000  and  on  the  west  7200.  The  installa- 
tion of  this  system  will  not  be  entirely  completed  for 
possibly  as  much  as  a  year  from  Sept.  1,  1908. 

THE  ELEVATED  ROADS 

There  are  four  great  elevated  trunk  lines  from  the 
Loop,  one  to  the  south,  one  to  the  north  and  two  to  the 
west,  by  means  of  which  or  their  several  branches,  it  is 
possible  to  reach  almost  any  desired  section  of  the  city 
without  change  of  cars  and  in  the  very  shortest  possible 
time.  All  these  lines  are  operated  by  electricity,  the 
current  being  delivered  from  a  third  rail.  The  elevated 
trains  are  not  interrupted  by  the  teaming  and  pedes- 
trian traffic  which  so  impedes  the  surface  lines,  and  by/ 
means  of  the  Union  Loop  all  trains  pass  over  the  most 
crowded  part  of  town  without  delay.  Their  service  is  most 
favorable  for  strangers  who  can  go  to  and  from  certain 
points  in  the  same  manner  they  are  used  to  traveling 
from  one  station  to  another  upon  the  steam  railroads. 
Express  service  is  maintained  by  all  lines  during  the 
rush  hours  of  the  day,  thus  permitting  a  further  saving 
of  time  for  those  having  the  longest  distances  to 
travel.  Several  of  the  largest  stores  have  direct  connec- 
tion with  the  Union  Loop,  and  every  facility  is  offered 


46  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

for  passengers  using  the  elevated  lines  to  pass  direct  to 
these  stores  from  the  track  or  platform  level;  also  to 
and  from  La  Salle  Street  Station  of  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois 
Railroad,  and  the  Rock  Island  System.  The  Northwest- 
ern Elevated  has  a  station  at  Kinzie  St.,  just  north  of 
the  Loop,  which  while  not  connected,  is  directly  in  front 
of  the  station  of  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Ry. 

Much  has  been  said  about  the  fact  that  the  new 
Brooklyn  Subway,  the  latest  and  most  modern  of  the 
subways  in  New  York  City,  dispatches  27  eight-car 
trains,  that  is,  216  cars  from  their  terminal  station  in  a 
space  of  87  minutes;  but  this  achievement  does  not 
compare  with  that  of  one  elevated  line  along  which, 
leaving  the  loop,  pass  a  total  of  258  cars  during  the  same 
period  of  time.  From  this  it  may  be  seen  what  facil- 
ities the  elevated  railroads  offer,  when  only  one  of  the 
lines  referred  to  above  is  able  to  surpass  the  volume  of 
this  subway  service  by  19  per  cent. 

Northwestern  Elevated  Railway 

This  line  extends  from  the  Union  Loop  at  Fifth  Ave. 
and  Lake  St.  in  a  general  northerly  direction  to  Wilson 
Ave.  with  an  extension  on  the  surface  to  Central  St.,  at 
the  north  end  of  Evanston,  the  first  town  north  of  the 
Chicago  city  limits.  There  is  also  a  branch  line  leaving 
the  main  line  structure  at  a  point  south  of  Clark  St.  and 
extending  to  Western  Ave.  in  a  northwesterly  direction. 
This  is  known  as  the  Ravenswood  Branch  and  serves  a 
section  of  the  city  known  by  that  name. 

The  total  mileage  of  main  line  and  branches  is  20.37. 

During  rush  hours  there  are  trains  on  the  main  line  at 
intervals  of  2  to  4  minutes;  middle  of  day  every  five 
minutes;  after  mid-night  once  in  35  minutes;  Ravens- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  47 

wood  line  trains  once  in  4  minutes  during  rush  hours, 
otherwise  same  as  main  line.  Evanston  extension  once 
in  13  minutes  during  day;  after  midnight  trains  are  run 
an  hour  apart.  Evanston  trains  run  on  express  schedule 
as  far  as  Sheridan  Road  during  rush  hours;  at  other 
times  as  far  as  Wilson  Ave.  with  only  five  stops. 

South  Side  Elevated  Railway 

This  line  leaves  the  Union  Loop  at  Wabash  Ave.  and 
Van  Buren  St.  The  main  line  and  branches,  (36.5  miles 
in  length)  serve  a  large  part  of  the  South  Side. 

The  main  line  is  from  the  Loop  to  Sixty-third  St. 
thence  east  to  Jackson  Park.  This  line  has  three  tracks 
to  Forty- third  St.,  the  central  one  being  used  by  express 
trains  night  and  morning. 

Near  Fortieth  St.  there  is  a  branch  east  to  Lake  Ave. 
known  as  the  Kenwood  Branch  and  the  Stockyards 
Branch  extending  west  and  serving  the  famous  stock- 
yards district.  At  Fifty-eighth  St.  and  Prairie  Ave. 
another  branch  leaves  the  main  line.  This  is  the  Engle- 
wood  Branch  which  has  a  southerly  extension  as  far  as 
Sixty-third  and  Loomis  Sts.  with  a  stub  line  south  from 
Stewart  Ave.  and  Sixty-third  St.  to  Sixty-ninth  St.  and 
Normal  Ave.  (Normal  Park).  The  South  Side  Elevated 
runs  trains  at  intervals  of  from  3  to  20  minutes  accord- 
ing to  the  time  of  day. 

Metropolitan  West  Side  Elevated  Railway 

This  line  leaves  the  Union  Loop  at  Fifth  Ave.  and 
Van  Buren  St.  It  also  has  a  terminal  station  just  out- 
side the  Loop  at  Fifth  Ave.  near  Jackson  Blvd.,  where 
G5  trains  arrive  and  depart  during  the  rush  hours  morn- 
ing and  evening.  The  main  line  extends  west  to 
Marshfield  Ave.  and  has  four  tracks  from  Market  St. 


48  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

From  Marshfield  Ave.  there  are  four  double  track 
branches  extending  fan-like  and  serving  a  large  part  of 
the  great  West  Side.  They  are  known  respectively  as 
the  Garfield  Park,  Douglas  Park,  Humboldt  Park  and 
the  Logan  Square  branches.  The  first  two  extend 
south  and  west  from  the  main  line  and  the  two  latter 
north  and  west.  There  are  487  passenger  cars  in  use  on 
the  Metropolitan  Line  and  about  25  miles  of  elevated 
structure.  Trains  are  run  at  intervals  of  3  to  30  min- 
utes according  to  the  time  of  day. 

Chicago  and  Oak  Park  Elevated  Railway 

This  line  leaves  the  Union  Loop  at  Fifth  Ave.  and 
Lake  St.  extending  nearly  due  west  to  Willow  Ave.  at 
the  further  extremity  of  Oak  Park.  Oak  Park,  one  of 
the  most  delightful  suburban  places  about  Chicago,  and 
the  first  one  outside  the  limits  to  the  west,  together  with 
Austin,  another  suburban  district,  now  incorporated  as 
part  of  the  city,  are  particularly  served  by  this  line. 
The  western  extension  of  this  line  is  run  on  the  surface. 
There  are  express  trains  during  the  rush  hours  and  a 
service  at  intervals  of  2  to  40  minutes  according  to  the 
time  of  day. 

Aurora,  Elgin  and  Chicago  Railway 

This  is  an  interurban  electric  line  between  Chicago, 
Elgin  and  Aurora.  It  serves  these  cities  and  a  large 
suburban  territory  between  them,  including  such  towns 
as  Geneva,  Wheaton,  Batavia,  etc.,  with  large  finely 
equipped  cars  run  at  railroad  speed.  The  road  is  men- 
tioned in  this  connection  because  it  enters  Chicago  on 
the  West  Side  at  Fifty-second  Ave.  over  the  Metro- 
politan Elevated  Railway  tracks,  a  distance  of  six 
and  one-half  miles,  depositing  passengers  at  the  ter- 
minal station,  Fifth  Ave  near  Jackson  Blvd. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  49 

HOTELS 

There  are  about  500  hotels  in  Chicago  and  from  the 
following  list  may  be  chosen  almost  any  character  of 
accommodation  in  the  matter  of  price  and  location  that 
may  be  desired. 

E.  P.  means  European  plan  (room  only  included  in 
price). 

A.  P.  means  American  plan  (meals  and  room  included 
in  price). 

Down-Town  Hotels 

Auditorium,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Congress  St.  E.  P. 
$2. 00  and  up 

Bismarck,  180  E.  Randolph  St.    E.  P.    $1.00  and  up. 

Blackstone,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Hubbard  Ct.  (Under 
construction). 

Brevoort,  143  E.  Madison  St.     E.  P.     $1.50  and  up. 

Briggs,  Randolph  St.  and  Fifth  Ave.  E.  P.  $1.00  and 
up. 

Congress  Hotel  and  Annex,  Michigan  Ave.  and 
Congress  St.  E.  P.  $2.00  and  up. 

Continental,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Madison  St.  E.  P. 
$1.00  and  up. 

Grace,  Clark  St.  and  Jackson  Bd.  E.  P.    $1.00  and  up. 

Grand  Pacific,  Clark  St.  and  Jackson  Bd.  E.  P. 
$1.50  and  up. 

Gre#t  Northern,  Dearborn  St.  and  Jackson  Bd.  E. 
P.  $1.50  and  up. 

Hannah  &  Hogg,  222  S.  Clark  St.     E.  P.     75c.  and  up. 

Kaiserhof,  266  S.  Clark  St.     E,  P.     $1.00  and  up. 

La  Salle,  Madison  and  La  Salle  Sts.  (Under  con- 
struction). 

Majestic,  Quincy  St.  and  Jackson  Bd.  E.  P  $1.50 
and  up. 


50  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

McCoy's,  Clark  and  Van  Buren  Sts.  E.  P.  $1  00 
and  up. 

Morrison,  Madison  and  Clark  Sts.  E.  P.  SI. 50  and 
up. 

Palmer  House,  State  and  Monroe  Sts.  E.  P.  $1.50 
and  up. 

Saratoga,  163  Dearborn  St.     E.  P.     $1.00  and  up. 

Sherman  House,  Clark  and  Randolph  Sts.  E.  P 
$1.50  and  up. 

Stratford,  Jackson  Bd.  and  Michigan  Ave.  E.  P. 
$2.00  and  up. 

Union,  117  E.  Randolph  St.     E.  P.     $1.00  and  up. 

Van  Buren,  156  E.  Van  Buren  St.  E.  P.  $1.00  and 
up. 

Victoria,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Van  Buren  St.  E.  P. 
$1.00  and  up. 

Wellington,  Jackson  Bd.  and  W abash  Ave  E.  P. 
$1.00  and  up. 

West  Side  Hotels 

Grand  Central,  Madison  and  Canal  Sts.  E.  P  50c. 
to  $1.00. 

Hunt's,  151  Canal  St.     E.  P.     75c.  and  up. 

Jackson,  Halsted  St.  and  Jackson  Bd.  E.  P.  75c. 
to  $1.00. 

West  End,  503  W.  Madison  St.     50c.  to  $1.00 

North  Side  Hotels 

Alexandria,  Rush  and  Ohio  Sts.     E.  P.  $1.00  and  up. 

Clarendon,  152  N.  Clark  St.     E.  P.     50c.  to  $1.00. 

Dearborn  Avenue,  211  Dearborn  Ave.  E.  P.  50c. 
and  up. 

Luzerne,  Clark  and  Center  Sts      A.  P.     $2.00  and  up. 

Mentone,  Ontario  and  N.  State  Sts.  A.  P.  $8.00 
per  week  and  up.  $1 .00  and  up  per  day. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  51 

Moraine,  Highland  Park.  A.  P.  $3.00  and  up  per 
day. 

Newberry,  225  Dearborn  Ave.  A.  P.  $2.50  and  up. 
Special  by  week. 

Palace,  Indiana  and  N.  Clark  Sts.  E.  P.  50c.  to 
$2.50. 

Plaza,  Clark  St.  and  North  Ave.  E.  P.  $1.50  and  up. 

Revere  House,  Clark  and  Michigan  Sts.  E.  P.  75c. 
and  up. 

Richmond,  42  N.  Clark  St.  E.  P.  50c.  to  $1.00 
Special  by  week. 

Virginia,  Rush  and  Ohio  Sts.     E.  P.     $1.00  and  up. 

South  Side  Hotels 

Chicago  Beach,  E.  Fifty-first  St.  and  Lake  Front  E. 
P.  $2.50  and  up. 

Del  Prado,  Washington  Ave.  and  Fifty-ninth  St.  E. 
P.  $2.00  and  up. 

Hyde  Park,  Lake  Ave.  and  Fifty-first  Blvd.  E.  P. 
$2.50  and  up. 

Lakota,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Thirtieth  St.  E.  P. 
$1.50  to  $5.00. 

Lexington,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Twenty-second  St. 
E.  P.  $1.00  and  up. 

Metropole,  Twenty-third  St.  and  Michigan  Ave.  E. 
P.  $1.50  and  up. 

New  Southern,  Michigan  Ave  and  Thirteenth  St.  E. 
P.  $1.00  and  up. 

Transit  House,  Forty-second  and  Halsted  Sts.  E.  P. 
50c  and  up. 

Vendome,  Sixty-third  St.  and  Monroe  Ave.  E.  P. 
$3.00  and  up. 

Vincennes,  Vincennes  Ave.  and  Thirty-sixth  St. 
E.  P.  $1.50  and  up. 


52  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Warner,  Thirty-third  St.  and  Cottage  Grove  Ave. 
E.  P.  $1.00  and  up. 

Windermere,  125  E.  Fifty-sixth  St.  A.  P.  $3.00 
and  up. 

FURNISHED  ROOMS 

No  definite  information  can  well  be  given  on  this 
subject  and  visitors  are  referred  to  the  advertisements 
appearing  in  the  daily  papers  for  such  accommodations 
as  they  may  require  in  any  portion  of  the  city.  Prices 
will  range  from  $2.00  or  $2.50  per  week  up. 

RESTAURANTS 

The  restaurants  of  Chicago  are  legion.  They  are 
everywhere  and  of  every  kind,  quality  and  price.  The 
list  given  presents  a  number  of  the  representative 
places: 

Abson's  English  Chop  House,  125  La  Salle  St. 

Baltimore  Inn,  17  Quincy  St. 

Billy  Boyle's  Chop  House,  12  Quincy  St. 

Bismarck  Restaurant,  180  E.  Randolph  St. 

Boston  Oyster  House,  Clark  and  Madison  Sts. 

Cafe  Brauer,231  State  St. 

Clark's,  116  E.  Randolph  St. 

College  Inn,  under  Sherman  House,  Clark  and  Ran- 
dolph Sts. 

De  Jonghe's,  45  Monroe  St. 

Edelweiss,  104  E.  Madison  St. 

Grand  Pacific  Cafe,  Jackson  Blvd.  and  Clark  St. 

Great  Northern  Grill  Room,  Quincy  and  Dearborn  Sts. 

Haring,  State  and  Monroe  Sts. 

Henrici's,  108  Randolph  St. 

Hofbrau,  116  Monroe  St. 

Kaiserhof,  266  Clark  St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  53 

Kimball's  Cafe,  143  Monroe  St. 

King's  Restaurant,  116  Fifth  Ave. 

Knab's,  196  Randolph  St. 

Kuntz-Remmler's  303,  Wabash  Ave. 

Lakota,  108  La  Salle  St. 

Mangier 's,  121  La  Salle  St. 

Metzger's,  180  Monroe  St. 

Mortimer  Pure-Food  Cafe,  67  Washington  St. 

Mrs.  Clark  Company,  116  Wabash  Ave. 

North  American  Restaurant,  N.  W.  cor.  State  and 
Monroe  Sts. 

Rector's,  S.  E.  cor.  Monroe  and  Clark  Sts. 

Saratoga  Restaurant,  159  Dearborn  St. 

Senyard,  79  Dearborn  St. 

St.  Hubert,  English  Chop  House,  top  floor  Majestic 
Hotel,  22  Quincy  St. 

Stillson's,  112  Madison  St. 

Tavern,  Elks  Bldg.,  163  Washington  St. 

The  States,  52  Adams  St. 

Tip  Top  Inn,  top  floor  Pullman  Bldg.,  Adams  St.  and 
Michigan  Ave. 

Tom  Jones,  175  Jackson  Blvd. 

Vogelsang's,  178  Madison  St. 

Wellington,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Jackson  Blvd. 

Windsor-Clifton,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Monroe  St. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  7th  floor,  Association  Bldg.,  143  La 
Salle  St 

THEATERS 

Of  Chicago  theaters  it  may  be  said  that  Powers,  the 
Grand  Opera  House,  Garrick,  Illinois,  Auditorium, 
Colonial,  Studebaker,  La  Salle,  Whitney,  Chicago  Opera 
House,  International,  McVickers,  Great  Northern, 
Princess,  and  the  American  Music  Hall  are  high  class 


54  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

houses  in  that  they  seldom  play  other  than  high  class  at- 
tractions. The  Majestic  and  Haymarket  theaters  and 
the  Olympic  Music  Hall,  (vaudeville)  play,  for  the  most 
part  the  same  excellent  attractions — that  is  to  say  the 
attractions  presented  at  these  houses  appear  at  each 
on  successive  weeks.  The  list  follows: 

Academy,  81  S.  Halsted  St. 
Alhambra,  1920  State  St. 

American  Music  Hall,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Peck  Ct. 
Auditorium,  Congress  St.  and  Wabash  Ave. 
Bijou,  169  S.  Halsted  St. 
Bush  Temple,  Chicago  Ave.  and  N.  Clark  St. 
Calumet,  Ninety-second  St.  and  S.  Chicago  Ave. 
Chicago  Opera  House,  118  Washington  St. 
Colonial,  81   Randolph  St. 
College,  352  Sheffield  Ave. 
Columbus,  1840  Wabash  Ave. 
Criterion,  Sedgwick  and  Division  Sts. 
Empire,  142  W.  Madison  St. 
Euson's,  Sid  J.,  N.  Clark  and  Kinzie  Sts. 
,  Folly,  State  and  Congress  Sts. 
Garrick,  103  Randolph  St. 
Grand  Opera  House,  87  Clark  St. 
Great  Northern,  Dearborn  and  Quincy  Sts. 
Illinois,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Jackson  Blvd. 
International,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Hubbard  Ct 
Haymarket,  167  W.  Madison  St. 
La  Salle,  137  Madison  St. 
Majestic,  75  Monroe  St. 

Marlowe,  Stewart  Ave.  and  Sixty-third  St. 
National,  Sixty-Second  Place  and  Halsted  St. 
Olympic,  Randolph  and  Clark  Sts. 
Orpheum,   174  State  St. 
Pekin,  2700  State  St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  55 

Princess,  Clark  St.,  near  Jackson  Blvd. 

Peoples,  Van  Buren  and  Leavitt  Sts. 

Powers,  Randolph  and  La  Salle  Sts. 

Star  and  Garter,  "VV.  Madison,  near  Halsted. 

Studebaker,  203  Michigan  Ave. 

Trocadero,  292  State  St. 

Virginia,  W.  Madison  and  Halsted  Sts. 

Whitney  Opera  House,  17  Van  Buren  St. 

AMUSEMENT  PARKS 

Chicago  has  two  classes  of  parks:  the  public  recreation 
parks  which  are  free  to  all,  and  the  amusement  parks, 
which  are  enclosed  grounds  to  which  an  admission  is 
charged.  These  latter  contain  attractions  of  various 
kinds,  such  as  roller  coasters,  shoot-the-chutes,  laugh- 
ing galleries,  scenic  railways,  etc.  to  each  of  which  a 
separate  admission  of  from  5  to  25  cents  is  charged. 
General  admission  to  the  grounds,  in  Chicago,  is  almost 
universally  10  cents.  It  is  entirely  optional  with  the 
visitor,  after  paying  the  general  admission  fee,  whether 
he  visit  the  various  side  shows.  There  are  free  band 
concerts,  afternoon  and  evening,  in  the  open  air.  Once 
inside  the  grounds  one  may  remain  as  long  as  desired. 
From  the  very  nature  of  these  amusement  parks  they 
cease  their  activities  with  the  advent  of  cold  weather, 
except  in  a  few  instances  where  an  enclosed  roller  skat- 
ing rink  is  kept  open  all  winter.  Among  the  amuse- 
ment parks  are  the  following: 

Bismarck  Garden:  Evanston  Ave.  and  N.  Halsted  St. 
Take  Northwestern  Elevated  train  or  North  Clark  St. 
surface  line.  Restaurant,  Palm  Garden  and  Orchestra. 

Forest  Park:  Corner  Des  Plaines  Ave.  (in  the  village  of 
Forest  Park)  and  W.  Harrison  St.  Reached  by  Gar- 
field  Park  branch  of  the  Metropolitan  Elevated, 


56  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Aurora,  Elgin  &  Chicago  Electric,  Twelfth  St.  or  Chi- 
cago Ave.  surface  cars  transferring,  to  either  of  the  two 
last  named. 

Luna  Park:  Halsted  and  Fifty-second  St.  Take  Hal- 
sted  St.  surface  cars. 

Ravinia  Park :  North  Shore.  Reached  by  Northwest- 
ern Elevated,  changing  to  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  Elec- 
tric Line  at  Evanston,  or  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
Railway.  See  "Points  of  Interest." 

River  view  Park :  Corner  Western  and  Belmont  Aves. 
Reached  by  Northwestern  Elevated  to  Belmont  Ave. 
thence  west  on  Belmont  Ave.  surface  car  to  Western; 
Riverview  Park  car  from  Clark  and  Washington  Sts.;  by 
Clybourn  Ave.  car  or  any  west  bound  car  transferring  to 
north  bound  Western  Ave.  car  which  passes  the  gate. 

Sans  Souci  Park :  Corner  Cottage  Grove  Ave.  and  Six- 
tieth St.  Cottage  Grove  Ave.  car  to  gate.  State, 
Wentworth,  Halsted  or  Ashland  south  bound  cars, 
transferring  to  east  bound  Sixty-first  St.  car  in  Fifty- 
ninth  St.  Also  by  South  Side  Elevated  to  Cottage 
Grove  station  and  walk  north  three  blocks. 

White  City:  South  Park  Ave.  and  Sixty-third  St. 
South  Side  Elevated  to  gates  or  south  bound  cars  in  Cot- 
tage Grove  Ave.  State,  Wentworth,  Halsted  or  Ash- 
land cars  transferring  east  in  Sixty-third  St. 

BILLIARDS  AND  POOL 

The  following  list  shows  only  a  few  of  the  principal 
billiard  and  pool  rooms  and  bowling  alleys.  Others 
may  be  found  in  all  quarters  of  the  city: 

W.  P.  Mussey  &  Co.,  106  E.  Madison  St. 

L  Bensinger,  118  E.  Monroe  St. 

Sutton's  Billiard  Hall,  178  E.  Adams  St. 

P.  Hicks,  112  E.  Madison  St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  57 

Foley's  Billiard  Hall,  302  Wabash  Ave. 
Drexel  Billiard  Hall,  64  Thirty-ninth  St. 
Chas.  Weeghman,  218  Wabash  Ave. 

BOWLING 

W.  P.  Mussey  &  Co.,  106  E.  Madison  St. 

L.  Bensinger,  118  E.  Monroe  St. 

Co-operative  Bowling  Alleys,  75  E.  Randolph  St. 

Schiller  Amusement  Co.,  180  E.  Thirty-first  St. 

BASEBALL  PARKS 

Anson's  Park:  Sixty-first  St.  near  Cottage  Grove  Ave. 
South  Side  Elevated  to  Cottage  Grove  station  or  Cot- 
tage Grove  cars  to  Sixty-first  St. 

South  Side  Park:  (American  League)  Wentworth 
Ave.  and  Thirty-ninth  St.  South  Side  Elevated  to 
Thirty-ninth  St.  or  Wentworth  Ave.  surface  car. 

West  End  Park:  Forty-eighth  Ave.  and  Madison  St. 
Garfield  Park  Branch  of  the  Metropolitan  Elevated  or 
Madison  St.  surface  car. 

West  Side  Park:  (National  League)  Garfield  Park 
branch- of  the  Metropolitan  Elevated  to  Paulina  station, 
or  Harrison^t.  surface  car. 

AQUATIC  CLUBS 

Chicago  Athletic  Association  Yachtsmen,  125  Michi- 
gan Ave. 

Chicago  Boat  Club,  Lincoln  Park  Lagoon. 

Chicago  Power  Boat  Club,  Lake  St.  and  Chicago 
River. 

Chicago  Yacht  Club,  Monroe  St.  and  Lake  Front. 

Columbia  Yacht  Club,  Randolph  St.  and  Lake  Front. 

Corinthian  Yacht  Club,  Randolph  St.  and  Illinois 
Central  Pier. 


58  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Iroquois  Boat  Club,  (rowing)  Lincoln  Park  Lagoon. 

Jackson  Park  Yacht  Club,  South  End  Jackson  Park 
Lagoon. 

Yachting  Auxiliary,  Illinois  Athletic  Club,  145  Mich- 
igan Ave. 

The  Yachting  Auxiliary  of  the  Illinois  Athletic  Club 
is  a  permanent  department  of  the  club.  During  the 
yachting  season  the  club  has  one  large  regatta,  the 
date  being  appointed  by  the  Lake  Michigan  Yachting 
Association,  of  which  the  club  is  a  member.  On  this 
day  all  clubs  belonging  to  this  association  participate  in 
the  regatta.  The  most  important  event  of  the  yachting 
season  is  the  Lipton  Regatta.  The  Illinois  Athletic 
Club  has  three  boats  of  the  class  eligible  for  entry — the 
I.  A.  C.,  La  Rita  Second,  and  the  New  Illinois.  The 
largest  ship  in  the  club  fleet  is  the  Valmore,  owned  and 
sailed  by  William  Hale  Thompson.  The  Chicago  Yacht 
Club  usually  holds  its  annual  Mackinac  races  during 
July.  The  Nutting  races  are  a  feature  of  the  yachting 
season.  The  Jackson  Park  Yacht  Club  holds  an  annual 
Indiana  Harbor  race  and  an  annual  Michigan  City  race. 

SWIMMING  EVENTS 

Practically  all  matters  pertaining  to  this  sport  are  in 
the  hands  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  153  La  Salle  St.,  Associa- 
tion Building,  the  Chicago  Athletic  Club,  125}Michi- 
gan  Ave.,  and  the  New  Illinois  Athletic  Club,  145 
Michigan  Ave.  A  first  class  natatorium  is  maintained 
by  all  of  these  organizations  which  is  open  to  members. 

AMATEUR  PHOTOGRAPHY 

Armour  Institute  Camera  Club,  Armour  Institute, 
Armour  Ave.  and  Thirty-third  St. 

Chicago  Camera  Club,  Room  210,  87  Lake  St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  59 

AUTOMOBILING 

Chicago  Automobile  Club,  Plymouth  Court,  near 
Jackson  Blvd.  This  club  is  the  representative  organ- 
ization of  automobilists  in  Chicago.  ^ 

CHESS  AND  CHECKERS 

Chicago  Chess  and  Checker  Club,  Room  1124,  109 
Randolph  St. 

CRICKET 

Wanderers  Cricket  and  Athletic  League,  Seventy- 
first  St.  and  East  End  Ave. 

FENCING 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Fencing  Club,  153  La  Salle  St. 

FOOTBALL 

Many  important  football  games  are  played  on  the 
grounds  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  (Marshall  Field) 
and  at  Northwestern  University,  Evanston. 

HANDBALL 

Chicago  Athletic  Club,  125  Michigan  Ave.  Members 
and  invited  guests  only. 

McGurn's  Court,  206  E.  Division  St. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Association  Building,  153  La  Salle  St. 
Members  only. 

TENNIS 

Aztec  Tennis  Club,  North  Park  Ave.  between  Fuller- 
ton  and  Belden  Aves. 

Woodlawn  Tennis  Club,  Woodlawn  Ave.  and  Sixty- 
sixth  St. 


60  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Tennis  courts  are  maintained  by  the  different  park 
commissions  which  are  entirely  free  to  the  public  under 
conditions  which  will  be  explained  by  attendants  i 
charge  of  the  courts.  Rackets  and  balls  must  be  fur- 
nished by  the  plgeyers. 

WHIST 

Chicago  Whist  Club,  Room  921,  109  Randolph  St. 

CHICAGO  CLUBS 

Ashland,  575  Washington  Blvd. 

Aztec  Tennis,  Fullerton  and  North  Park  Aves. 

Builders,  414,  135  Washington  St. 

Calumet,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Twentieth  St. 

Caxton,  Fine  Arts  Bldg. 

Charlevoix,  6027  Indiana  Ave. 

Chicago,  200  Michigan  Ave. 

Chicago  Athletic,  125  Michigan  Ave. 

Chicago  Automobile,  Plymouth  PI.  near  Jackson  Blvd. 

Chicago  Commercial,  Sec.,  John  W.  Scott,  221  Adams 
St. 

Chicago  Golf,  Wheaton,  111. 

Chicago  Power  Boat,  Lake  Front,  Foot  Randolph  St. 

Chicago  Women's,  203  Michigan  Ave. 

Chicago  Yacht,  Lake  Front,  Foot  Randolph  St. 

City,  228  Clark  St. 

Colonial,  4445  Grand  Blvd. 

Columbia  Yacht,  Lake  front,  Foot  Randolph  St. 

Englewood  Club,  Harvard  Ave. 

Edgewater  Golf,  Devon  and  Evanston  Aves. 

Elks,  163  Washington  St. 

Ellerslie  Cross  Country,  Ninty-first  St.  and  Western 
Ave. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  61 

Fort  Dearborn,  575  Washington  Blvd. 
Fortnightly,  203  Washington  Ave. 
Germania  Maennerchor,  643  N.  Clark  St. 
Hamilton,  135  Monroe  St. 
Illinois,  154  Ashland  Blvd. 
Illinois  Athletic,  145  Michigan  Ave. 
Iroquois  Club,  103  Adams  St. 
Jackson  Park  Yacht,  207  Sixty-third  St. 
Kenwood,  Lake  Ave.  and  Forty-seventh  St. 
Kenwood  Country,  Ellis  Ave.  and  Forty-eighth  St. 
Lakeside,  Grand  Blvd.  and  Forty-second  St. 
Marquette,  365  Dearborn  Ave. 
Menoken,  1196  Washington  Blvd. 
Midday  Club,  119  Monroe  St. 
Merchant's  817,  108  La  Salle  St. 
Press  Club  of  Chicago,  113  Dearborn  St. 
Onwentsia,  Lake  Forest,  111. 

Quadrangle,  Lexington  Ave.  and  Fifty-eighth  St. 
Saddle  and  Cycle,  Sheridan  Road  and  Foster  Ave. 
Sheridan,  4100  Michigan  Ave. 
Standard,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Twenty-fourth  St. 
Union,  12  Washington  Place. 

Union  League,  Jackson  Blvd.  and  Federal  Court. 
University,  Monroe  and  Michigan  Ave. 
Wanderers  Cricket,  East  End  Ave.  and  Seventy-first 
St. 

West  End  Women's,  132  Ashland  Blvd. 
Women's  Athletic,  150  Michigan  Ave. 
Woodlawn  Park,  6400  Woodlawn  Ave. 
Woodlawn  Tennis,  Monroe  Ave.  and  Sixty-sixth  Sts* 

MUSICAL  CLUBS 

Amateur  Musical  Club,  203  Michigan  Ave. 
Amphion  Singing  Club,  1136  Milwaukee  Ave. 


62  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Apollo  Musical  Club,  40  Randolph  St. 

Bjorgvin  Singing  Society,  876  N.  Artesian  Ave. 

Chopin  Singing  Society,  120  W.  Division  St. 

Germania  Maennerchor,  25  Germania  Place. 

Gruetli  Maennerchor,  109  Wells  St. 

Handel  Musical  Club,  512,  26  Van  Buren  St. 

Harmony  Singing  Club,  1533  Aldine  Ave. 

Harugari  Maennerchor,  1115  W.  Twelfth  St. 

Irish  Choral  Society,  515,  243  Wabash  Ave. 

Jewish  Lyric  Association,  444  S.  Paulina  St. 

Junger  Maennerchor,  257  N.  Clark  St. 

Polish  Frederick  Chopin  Singing  Society,  391  W. 
Chicago  Ave. 

Schweizer  Maennerchor,  526  N.  Clark  St. 

Teutonia  Maennerchor,  Milwaukee  Ave.  and  Fonte- 
noy  Ct. 

Theodore  Thomas  Orchestra,  850  Orchestra  Bldg. 

"Wanda"  Polish  Ladies  Singing  Society,  540  Noble  St. 

CHURCHES 

There  are  1,077  churches  in  the  city  and  it  would  be 
manifestly  impracticable  to  give  a  complete  list  in  a 
work  of  this  character.  By  reference  to  the  City  Direc- 
tory (see  index  in  front  part  for  "Churches")  the  ad- 
dress of  any  desired  church  may  be  ascertained.  The 
list  here  presented  comprises  the  leading  ones,  noted  for 
architectural  beauty,  popularity  of  pastor  or  their 
music. 

Baptist. 

Immanuel  Church,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Twenty-third 
St.,  Rev.  Johnstone  Myers,  D.  D.,  Pastor. 

La  Salle  Ave.  Baptist  Church,  439  La  Salle  Ave., 
Rev.  Martin  W.  Black,  Pastor. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  63 

Christian. 

Jackson  Boulevard  Church,  1010  W.  Jackson  Blvd., 
Rev.  Parker  Stockdale,  Pastor. 

North  Side  Church,  Sheffield  Ave.  and  George  St., 
Rev.  Will  F.  Shaw,  Pastor. 

Congregational. 

First  Church,  Washington  Blvd.  and  Ann  St.,  Rev. 
W.  A.  Bartlett,  Pastor. 

New  England,  Dearborn  Ave.  and  Delaware  Place, 
Rev.  Percival  F.  Marston,  D.  D.,  Pastor. 

Independent. 

Central,  The  Auditorium  Theater,  Wabash  Ave.  and 
Congress  St.,  Rev.  F.  W.  Gunsaulus,  Pastor. 

Moody's  Church,  Chicago  and  La  Salle  Aves.,  Rev. 

A.  C.  Dixon,  Pastor. 

Lutheran. 

Holy  Trinity,  La  Salle  Ave.  and  Elm  St.,  Rev.  George 

B.  Hancher,  Pastor. 

Grace  Church,  Belden  Ave.  and  Hamilton  Ct.,  Rev. 
T.  F.  Dornblaser,  Pastor. 

Jewish. 

North  Side  Church,  La  Salle  Ave.  and  Goethe  St., 
Abram  Hirschberg,  Rabbi. 

Sinai  Congregation,  Indiana  Ave.  and  Twenty-first 
St.,  Rev.  E.  B.  Hirsch,  Rabbi. 

Christian  Scientist. 

First  Church  of  Christ,  4017  Drexel  Blvd.,  Wm.  A. 
Buttolph,  Reader. 

Third  Church  of  Christ,  Washington  Blvd.  and  Leavitt 
St.,  Theodore  Stanger,  Reader. 


64  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Methodist  Episcopal. 

First  M.  E.  Church,  Clark  and  Washington  Sts.,  Ern- 
est Wray  Oneal,  Pastor. 

Grace  M.  E.  Church,  La  Salle  Ave.  and  Locust  St., 
Abel  M.  White,  D.  D. ,  Pastor. 

Presbyterian. 

Fourth  Presbyterian  Church,  Rush  and  Superior  Sts., 
Dr.  J.  N.  Freeman,  Pastor. 

Second  Presbyterian  Church,  Michigan  Ave.  and 
Twentieth  St.,  Rev.  John  Balcome  Shaw,  Pastor. 

Protestant  Episcopal. 

Grace  Church,  1439  Wabash  Ave.,  Rev.  W.  O.  Waters, 
Rector. 

St.  James  Church,  Cass  and  Huron  Sts.,  Rev.  James 
S.  Stone,  Rector. 

Reformed  Episcopal. 

Christ  Church,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Twenty-fourth  St., 
Rt.  Rev.  Charles  E.  Cheney,  D.  D.,  Rector. 

St.  Paul's,  Winchester  Ave.  and  Adams  St.,  Rt. 
Rev.  Samuel  Fallows,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Rector. 

Roman  Catholic. 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name,  Superior  and  N.  State 
Sts.,  Father  M.  J.  Fitsimmons,  Pastor. 

St.  Mary's,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Eldridge  Ct.,  Rev. 
Peter  J.  O'Callaghan,  Pastor. 

Unitarian. 

Church  of  the  Messiah,  Michigan  Ave.  and  Twenty- 
third  St.,  Rev.  W.  H.  Pulsford,  Pastor. 

Third  Unitarian  Church, Monroe  St.  nearKedzie  Ave., 
Rev.  Fred  A.  Well,  Pastor. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  65 

Universalist. 

Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Warren  Ave.  and  Robey  St., 
E.  A.  Bartlett,  Pastor. 

St.  Paul's,  Prairie  Ave.  and  Thirtieth  St.,  Rev.  Lor- 
enzo D.  Case,  D.  D.,  Pastor. 

Catholic  Apostolic. 

Catholic  Apostolic  Church,  (English)  311  La  Salle 
Ave.,  Joseph  Blackstock,  Chief  Pastor. 

Rationalist. 

Meets  in  Orchestra  Hall,  169  Michigan  Ave.,  11  a.  m., 
Sundays,  Oct.  1st.  to  May  31st  only.  M  M.  Mangasa- 
rian,  Lecturer. 

CHICAGO  SUNDAY  EVENING  CLUB 

Visitors  to  Chicago  who  spend  Sunday  here  will  be 
especially  interested  in  the  Chicago  Sunday  Evening 
Club,  which  meets  at  Orchestra  Hall,  165  Michigan  Ave- 
nue, every  Sunday  evening  from  October  to  July.  This 
club  was  organized  by  the  leading  business  men  of 
Chicago  for  the  purpose  of  providing  a  religious  ser- 
vice in  the  center  of  the  city  which,  without  any  tinge  of 
denominationalism  or  sectarianism,  would  be  a  source 
of  Christian  inspiration  and  helpfulness  to  those  who 
might  attend.  Chicago,  as  compared  with  other  cities 
of  its  size  is  peculiar  in  this  respect — there  are  no  down- 
town churches.  The  so-called  "Loop  District"  is  vir- 
tually taken  up  with  business  houses  and  hotels  and  the 
churches  have  moved  out  to  be  nearer  the  residence 
districts. 

The  movement  is  liberally  supported  by  business  men 
and  the  speakers  who  appear  on  its  program  are  fre- 
quently men  of  national  and  interntional  reputation; 

LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
*T  UR6ANA-CHAMPAIGN 


66  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

such  as  Governor  Hughes  of  New  York,  Senator  Bever- 
idge  of  Indiana,  Dr.  Newell  Dwight  Hillis  of  Brooklyn, 
Dr.  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler  of  California,  Dr.  Frank  W. 
Gunsaulus  of  Chicago,  and  Dr.  Spurgeon  of  England. 

The  club  maintains  a  large  and  well  drilled  chorus,  so 
that  the  combination  of  speaker  and  music  makes  the 
evening  service  unusually  attractive.  The  seats  are 
free  and  a  cordial  invitation  is  always  extended  to 
strangers  visiting  Chicago.  Some  idea  of  the  success  of 
this  movement  may  be  gained  from  the  fact  that  the 
attendance  has  averaged  considerably  over  2,000  since 
the  meetings  were  organized  about  a  year  ago.  The 
fame  of  the  organization  has  spread  and  already  other 
large  cities  are  planning  clubs  along  similar  lines. 

The  officers  are:  President,  Clifford  W.  Barnes;  First 
Vice  President,  Adolphus  C.  Bartlett;  Vice  Presidents, 
John  G.  Shedd,  Charles  L.  Hutchison,  Frank  H.  Arm- 
strong, and  Richard  C.  Hall;  Secretary,  Philip  L.  James, 
and  Treasurer,  John  T.  Pirie. 

CONSULATES 

Argentine  Republic,  120  Michigan  Ave.,  Consul,  Edu- 
ardo  Oldendorf. 

Austria-Hungary,  816,  184  La  Salle  St.,  Consul-Gen- 
eral, Alexander  de  Nuber. 

Belgium,  506,  217  La  Salle  St.,  Consul,  Charles  Hen- 
rotin. 

Bolivia,  1502,  181  La  Salle  St.,  Consul,  Frederick  W. 
Harnwell. 

Brazil,  206,  19  W  abash  Ave.,  Consul,  Stuart  R.  Alex- 
ander. 

Chile,  57  Twenty-second  St.,  Consul,  M.  J.  Steffens. 

Costa  Rica,  188  Madison  St.,  Consul,  Berthold  Singer. 

Cuba,  504,  188  Madison  St.,  Consul,  Louis  F.  Vallin. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  67 

Denmark,  407,  59  Dearborn  St.,  Consul,  George 
Beek. 

Dominican  Republic,  832,  204  Dearborn  St.,  Consul, 
Frede/ick  W.  Job. 

Ecuador,  Fourth  floor,  169  Adams  St.,  Consul,  Louis 
J.  Millet. 

France,  1511,  59  Clark  St.,  Consul,  Baron  Houssin  de 
St.  Laurent. 

German  Empire,  1405,  206  La  Salle  St.,  Acting  Con- 
sul, P.  F.  Roh. 

Great  Britain,  605  Pullman  Bldg.,  Acting  Consul- 
General,  Thomas  Erskine. 

Greece,  24,  69  Dearborn  St.,  Consul,  Nicholas  Salo- 
poulos. 

Guatemala,  1209,  138  Washington  St.,  Consul, 
Alfred  C.  Garcia. 

Italy,  1611-13  Masonic  Temple,  Consul,  Chevalier 
Guido  Sabetta. 

Japan,  705  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Consul,  Kazuo 
Matsubara. 

Mexico,  1645,  84  Van  Buren  St.,  Consul,  August  in 
Pina. 

Netherlands,  85  Washington  St.,  Consul-General, 
George  Birkhoff,  Jr. 

Nicaragua,  188  Madison  St.,  Consul,  Berthold  Singer. 

Norway,  1320,  108  La  Salle  St.,  Consul,  Frederick 
Herman  Gade. 

Ottoman  Empire,  506,  217  La  Salle  St.,  Consul- 
General,  Charles  Henrotin. 

Panama,  14,  86  Washington  St.,  Consul,  C.  Gilbert 
Wheeler. 

Persia,  519  S.  Canal  St.,  Consul-General,  R.  T.  Crane, 
Jr. 

Peru,  225,  205  La  Salle  St..  Consul,  W.  M.  L.  Fiske. 


68  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Portugal,  419,  203  Michigan  Ave.,  Consul,  Count 
Santa  Eulalia. 

Russia,  51  Lincoln  Park  Blvd.,  Consul,  Baron 
Shilling. 

Siam,  Auditorium,  Consul,  Milward  Adams. 

Spain,  188  Madison  St.,  Consul,  Berthold  Singer. 

Sweden,  142  Washington  St.,  Consul,  John  R. 
Lindgren. 

Switzerland,  172  Washington  St.,  Consul,  Arnold 
Holinger. 

Uruguay  Republic,  1614,  79  Dearborn  St.,  Consul, 
John  Moffitt. 

SIGHT  SEEING  CAR  RIDES 

The  street  car  rides  are  designed  to  show  the  visitor 
all  sections  of  the  city.  As  mapped  out  in  the  following 
pages  they  cover  about  seventy-five  miles  of  travel  and 
those  more  briefly  designated  will  take  the  visitor  fully 
as  many  more. 

Street  Car  Ride  Number  One 

Includes  Chicago  Historical  Society,  Newberry  Li- 
brary, Medinah  Temple,  Lincoln  Park,  Graceland  Ceme- 
tery, Evanston  and  many  points  of  minor  interest.  (For 
detailed  description  of  points  named,  see  "Points  of  In- 
terest"). The  outward  trip  is  via  North  Clark  Street 
surface  car  to  limits  barn,  transferring  to  Evanston  sur- 
face car.  Return  by  Northwestern  Elevated.  Fare  20 
cents  for  continuous  round  trip  and  5  cents  for  each  stop 
made.  About  25  miles  out  and  back.  Stops  recom- 
mended: Chicago  Historical  Society,  Newberry  Library, 
Lincoln  Park,  Graceland  Cemetery,  and  Northwestern 
University  campus  in  Evanston. 

The  start  is  made  by  taking  a  car  marked  "N  Clark 
St."  at  Monroe  and  Dearborn.  We  proceed  north  in 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  69 

Dearborn  through  the  skyscraper  section,  west  one 
block  in  Randolph  St.  into  Clark  St.  and  cross  the  Chi- 
cago river  where  a  view  is  to  be  had  of  the  river  and 
shipping.  Immediately  beyond  is  a  great  wholesale 
center  for  hider> ,  wool,  broomcorn,  and  oils.  At  Mich- 
igan street  is  the  old  Revere  House,  much  patronized  by 
the  lesser  theatrical  people,  particularly  vaudeville 
artists.  It  is  here  the  jurors  of  the  Criminal  Courts  are 
kept. 

To  the  right  in  this  street  is  seen  the  Criminal  Court 
Building  with  the  County  Jail  immediately  at  its 
rear.  Just  beyond  the  next  street,  Illinois,  is  the  Palace 
Hotel,  patronized  almost  exclusively  by  vaudeville  and 
other  theatrical  people.  Two  blocks  beyond  the  hotel 
is  Ontario  St.,  one  block  east  in  which  is  the  Chicago 
Historical  Society  building.  Four  blocks  beyond  On- 
tario St.  is  Chicago  Ave.  where  we  view  Bush  Temple,  a 
building  of  unique  design  in  which  is  one  of  the  best 
playhouses  outside  the  Loop  district.  Opposite  Bush 
Temple  in  Chicago  Ave.  is  the  Chicago  Avenue  Police 
Station,  quite  prominent  in  criminal  affairs  of  the  city. 
In  a  show  window  in  Clark  Street,  second  building  be- 
yond Chicago  Ave.,  is  exhibited  a  section  of  wooden 
pipe  with  joint — the  first  water  pipe  laid  in  Chicago. 
The  third  building  beyond  the  Bush  Temple,  west  side 
of  the  street,  is  Turn  Gemeinde  Hall  in  which  is  the 
North  Side  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Free  Employment 
Bureau  which  in  one  year  has  secured  as  many  as  10,000 
positions  for  applicants,  male  and  female.  One  block 
farther  on  is  Washington  Square,  at  the  eastern  side  of 
which  is  Medinah  Temple,  while  facing  the  square  at  the 
north  is  the  Newberry  Library.  West  one  block  in  the 
next  street  is  the  Henrotin  Memorial  Hospital.  At  the 
end  of  the  third  block  beyond  the  library  is  a  three 


70  .    GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

story  brick  structure  housing  the  General  Offices  of  the 
Chicago  Railways  Co.,  controlling  the  North  and  West 
Side  systems.  Beyond  this  is  a  yellow  brick  building, 
the  First  Cavalry  Barracks,  Illinois  National  Guard. 
At  643  Clark  St.  is  a  handsome  structure  in  stone  and 
brick,  the  home  of  the  Germania  Maennerchor,  a  club 
composed  of  those  of  German  birth  and  a  very  prosper- 
ous organization  including  in  its  membership,  number- 
ing about  600,  some  of  the  most  prominent  German- 
American  and  other  citizens  of  the  city. 

Opposite  the  club  is  the  eight  story  Plaza  Hotel  front- 
ing the  south  end  of  Lincoln  Park.  If  desired  we  may 
leave  the  car  either  here  or  at  Center  St.  and  view  the 
park,  but  it  is  better  to  make  a  separate  trip  for  this  as 
properly  to  inspect  its  many  interesting  sights  will  con- 
sume much  time — several  hours  at  the  least. 

At  Center  St.  we  see  (to  the  right)  the  Chicago  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences  with  the  Luzerne  Hotel  opposite.  Just 
beyond  (in  a  "point"  formed  by  two  streets)  is  the  Relic 
House,  the  walls  of  which  are  formed  of  relics  of  the  Chi- 
cago fire  of  1871.  Nearby  is  the  North  Chicago  Hospi- 
tal. At  the  Limits  Barn  we  transfer  to  an  Evanston  car. 
After  leaving  the  barns  the  first  street  passed  is  Diver- 
sey  Boulevard  which  connects  Lincoln  Park  with  Logan 
Square,  being  the  north  connecting  link  of  the  boule- 
vard system.  A  short  distance  beyond  Diversey  the 
car  reaches  and  turns  into  N.  Halsted  St.,  the  second 
longest  street  in  the  city.  To  the  left  is  seen  a  large 
frame  residence  in  spacious  grounds — the  Old  Clark 
Homestead,  typical  of  Chicago's  earlier  fashionable 
homes. 

At  the  corner  of  Addison  St.  is  the  Forty-second  Pre- 
cinct Police  Station  and  at  the  corner  of  N.  Halsted  and 
•Grace  Sts.  is  the  Bismarck  Garden,  a  popular  summer 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  71 

amusement  resort.  Beyond  the  garden  to  the  right  in 
Edgecomb  Place  is  the  Marine  Hospital  where  Uncle 
Sam's  fresh  water  sailors,  who  are  sick  or  disabled,  are 
cared  for.  Along  here  are  many  high  class  apartsnent 
houses  and  residences.  At  Buena  Ave.  we  may  leave 
the  car,  if  desired,  and,  walking  west  two  blocks  visit 
beautiful  Graceland  Cemetery.  Just  beyond  Buepa  Ave. 
the  line  crosses  Sheridan  Road,  which  at  its  southern  end 
joins  the  Lake  Shore  Drive  and  is  one  of  the  show  streets 
of  the  city,  being  lined  with  fine  residences  and  high- 
class  apartment  houses.  It  is  a  very  popular  drive  with 
automobilists.  At  about  No.  1850  is  seen  the  splendid 
new  Graeme  Stewart  Public  School,  it  being  a  type  of 
the  newer  school  buildings  now  being  erected  by  the 
Board  of  Education.  At  Wilson  Ave.  we  see  the  car  yards, 
barns  and  shops  of  the  Northwestern  Elevated  Railroad, 
This  was  until  recently  the  terminus  of  that  line  but  it 
now  extends  (on  the  surface)  to  Evanston.  About  two* 
blocks  ferther  on  is  one  of  the  Chicago  Water  Works 
Pumping  Stations. 

Beyond  this  appear  the  two  story  red  roofed  buildings 
of  the  Edgewater  Country  Club.  Adjoining  Devon  Ave., 
on  the  right,  into  which  the  car  turns,  are  the  grounds 
of  the  Edgewater  Golf  Club.  We  now  begin  to  encoun- 
ter some  of  the  truck  farms  of  which  there  are  hundreds 
at  the  outskirts  of  the  city.  The  car  soon  turns  into 
Clark  St.  again  and  we  see  the  Baseball  Park  of  the 
Rogers  Park  Club.  From  this  point  we  view  nothing 
of  more  than  passing  interest,  but  the  ride  to  Evanston 
is  a  charming  one.  At  the  city  limits,  (Howard  Ave.) 
the  conductor  collects  another  5  cent  fare,  shortly  after 
which  Calvary  Cemetery  is  passed.  This  is  one  of  the 
older  Catholic  burial  places  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago. 
Arrived  in  Evanston  we  will  leave  the  car  at  Davis  St.» 


72  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

where  the  cars  turn  around  the  central  fountain,  direct- 
ly opposite  the  City  Hall.  To  the  north  three  blocks, 
and  the  east  two,  are  the  grounds  of  the  Northwestern 
University,  one  of  the  largest  institutions  of  learning 
in  the  west  and  the  center  of  the  famous  "Four-mile 
Limit,"  a  provision  provided  for  by  the  legislature  in 
granting  a  charter  to  the  University,  that  there  should 
be  no  intoxicating  beverages  of  any  kind  sold  within 
four  miles  of  the  center  of  that  property.  This  limit 
extends  into  Chicago  as  far  as  Devon  Ave.  Evanston 
is  frequently  termed  "the  bedroom  of  Chicago,"  a 
great  many  prominent  men  with  business  in  Chicago 
having  their  homes  in  that  suburb.  Beautiful  resi- 
dences, boulevards,  drives,  the  Orrington  Lunt  Library, 
and  a  great  many  other  features  incidental  to  university 
town  life  are  to  be  seen  on  every  hand. 

At  Davis  or  Central  Streets  a  Northwestern  Elevated 
train  is  taken  for  the  return  trip  to  the  city.  The  road 
runs  at  grade  to  Lawrence  Ave.  where  it  becomes  "ele- 
vated." The  novelty  of  a  long  ride  via  the  elevated 
probably  will  appeal  to  the  stranger  unaccustomed  to 
that  method  of  locomotion.  The  train  will  carry  us  to 
the  Loop,  passing  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  station  at  Kinzie 
St.,  the  latter  part  of  the  trip  being  through  a  distinc- 
tively industrial  portion  of  the  city. 

Car  Ride  Number  Two 

This  ride  includes  an  industrial  section  of  the  city, 
Dunning  (County  Institutions),  Milwaukee  Ave.  and 
Union  Park.  A  25  mile  ride  for  10  cents.  (For  de- 
tailed description  of  points  named,  see  "Points  of  In- 
terest.") 

Elston  Ave.  car  (fare  5  cents  with  transfer)  from  the 
corner  of  State  and  Randolph,  State  and  Lake  or  in 
Lake  St.  between  State  and  the  river. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  73 

Note:  Dunning  institutions  are  open  to  the  general 
public  on  Tuesdays  only. 

The  route  of  the  car  is  through  Lake  St.  under  the 
elevated  structure  to  the  Chicago  River.  This  Lake  St. 
section  of  Chicago  up  to  the  time  of  the  Chicago  Fire, 
1871,  was  the  main  business  street  of  the  city.  "  From 
Lake  St.  the  car  turns  into  Milwaukee  Ave.  at  Canal 
St.,  this  section  of  the  city  being  largely  given  over  to- 
machine  shops  and  dealers  in  machinery  and  things 
pertaining  thereto.  We  now  cross  a  long  viaduct  over 
a  maze  of  railway  tracks  with  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  freight 
house  No.  3  to  the  left.  Milwaukee  Ave.  is  the  leading 
retail  street  of  the  Northwest  side  and  extends  diagon- 
ally through  that  section  more  than  ten  miles.  The  por- 
tion of  the  street  through  which  we  shall  first  pass  is 
occupied  by  stores  catering  for  the  most  part  to  the 
foreign  born  element.  At  409  is  the  Security  Bank, 
occupying  the  same  building  as  the  bank  wrecked  by 
Paul  Stensland,  which  financial  catastrophe  created 
considerable  local  excitement  at  the  time. 

After  crossing  Chicago  Ave.  the  car  turns  north  into 
Elston  Ave.  and  we  here  have  a  view  of  a  busy  industrial 
district.  Many  large  tanneries  lie  along  this  avenue. 
After  crossing  Division  St.  we  see  the  twin  spires  of  the 
Polish  Catholic  Church,  having  one  of  the  largest  and 
wealthiest  congregations  in  the  city.  Along  here  to  our 
right,  but  hidden  by  the  adjoining  buildings,  lies  Goose 
Island,  one  of  the  bridges  to  which  is  in  North  Ave. 

Humboldt  Park  Blvd.,  part  of  the  north  connecting 
link  of  the  boulevard  system  is  soon  crossed.  River- 
view,  a  popular  summer  amusement  park,  is  visible  just 
beyond  and  at  1950  is  Brand's  Park,  where  many  or- 
ganizations hold  annual  picnics. 

At  Irving  Park  Blvd.  we  transfer  to  a  west  bound 


^4  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Irving  Park  Blvd.  car.  At  this  point  is  Excelsior  Park, 
also  a  popular  picnic  resort.  In  Irving  Park  Blvd.  we 
pass  under  the  tracks  of  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  and  farther  on, 
the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  tracks.  Just  beyond  the  second  railroad 
subway  Milwaukee  Ave.,  (from  which  we  turned  about 
six  miles  back,)  is  crossed,  and  about  one  mile  beyond  we 
view  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  Children's  Home,  the 
next  point  of  interest  being  Dunning,  the  seat  of  Cook 
County  public  institutions. 

From  Dunning  we  return  to  Milwaukee  Ave.  via  the 
Irving  Park  line,  transferring  to  the  Milwaukee  Ave. 
car  at  that  point.  Milwaukee  Ave.  is  for  a  long  distance 
lined  with  shade  trees  and  attractive,  if  modest,  homes. 
St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum  is  at  2950,  and  a  little  be- 
yond is  the  Logan  Square  Baseball  Park.  Opposite 
2532  is  Logan  Square,  forming  the  northwest  corner  of 
the  city's  boulevard  system.  Just  beyond  this  we  see 
the  terminus  of  the  Logan  Square  branch  of  the  Metro- 
politan Elevated  Railroad.  At  1911  is  the  Logan 
Square  branch  of  the  Chicago  postoffice.  At  Ashland 
Ave.  we  transfer  to  a  south  bound  Ashland  Ave.  car. 
At  512  Ashland  Ave.  is  one  of  the  city  fire  engine  sta- 
tions and  at  415  the  Wells  Public  School,  erected  in  1884, 
one  of  the  older  types  of  Chicago  school  buildings. 

Beyond  we  pass  under  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  along 
which  for  a  long  distance  are  large  industrial  plants.  At 
Lake  St.  we  leave  the  car  and  walk  through  Union  Park. 
Not  far  from  the  central  lagoon  is  a  statue  in  bronze  (the 
work  of  Frederick  C.  Hibbard)  of  Carter  Harrison,  for- 
mer mayor  of  Chicago  At  the  edge  of  the  square  is 
the  monument  in  bronze  by  J.  Gelert,  commemorating 
the  Haymarket  Riot.  Here  we  take  an  east  bound 
Ogden  Ave.  car  for  the  city.  At  Sangamon  St.  we  enter 
Haymarket  Square  the  actual  scene  of  the  riot  and  bomb 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  75 

throwing  which  occurred  on  the  night  of  May  4,  1886. 
In  this  world  famous  riot  seven  policemen  were  killed  or 
fatally  wounded  and  many  others  seriously  hurt.  From 
the  square  to  the  river  is  a  section  of  the  city  largely 
given  over  to  machine  shops,  foundries  and  sellers  of 
machinery.  Arrived  within  the  Loop  we  end  the  present 
ride. 

Street  Car  Ride  Number  Three 

Including  Garfield  Park,  Madison  St.,  Douglas  Park, 
Ogden  Ave.,  Twelfth  St.,  The  Ghetto  and  some  very 
large  industrial  sections  of  the  city  (for  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  points  named,  see  "Points  of  Interest.")  take 
Madison  St.  car.  Fare  5  cents. 

A  Madison  St.  car  may  be  taken  anywhere  in  Wash- 
ington or  Madison  Streets,  east  of  the  river.  We  pro- 
ceed west  in  Madison  St.  and  cross  the  south  branch  of 
the  Chicago  River.  At  the  end  of  the  bridge  in  Canal 
St.,  is  the  Union  Passenger  Station.  The  property 
from  Canal  to  Clinton  St.  for  four  blocks  north  is: 
being  removed  to  make  way  for  the  magnificent  new- 
Northwestern  Railway  Station  which  will,  together 
with  improvements  appertaining  thereto,  cost  close  to> 
$25,000,000.  At  111  Madison  St.  is  the  Hotel  Lafayette 
a  West  Side  landmark,  erected  in  1874  and  used  contin- 
uously for  hotel  purposes  since.  Madison  St.,  from  the 
river  to  Ashland  Ave.,  formerly  was  the  haunt  of  crim- 
inals, but  in  recent  years  conditions  in  this  district  have 
been  greatly  improved.  Here  is  found  the  Haymar- 
ket  Theater  (vaudeville),  opposite  which  is  the  Empire 
(burlesque).  Near  Madison,  in  Halsted  St.  is  the  Acad- 
emy of  Music,  one  of  the  low  priced,  but  very  popular 
playhouses  of  the  city.  This  district  is  quite  a  theatri- 
cal center,  the  majority  of  the  houses,  however,  catering 


76  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

to  lovers  of  melodrama.  "Five  Cent"  theaters,  show- 
ing motion  pictures,  are  legion  in  this  locality.  Halsted 
St.  is  the  main  north  and  south  business  artery  of  the 
West  Side  and  one  of  the  most  congested  streets  of  the 
city.  Ashland  Boulevard,  one  mile  farther  out,  is  one 
of  the  exclusive  residence  streets  of  the  West  Side.  At 
Hobey  St.  is  Lewis  Institute,  a  polytechnic  school  of 
the  highest  order,  for  both  sexes,  founded  in  1895,  teach- 
ing mechanical  engineering,  mechanical  arts,  liberal  arts, 
and  domestic  economy.  There  are  approximately  1,000 
day  and  1,000  night  students  and  a  faculty  of  about  75. 
At  Oakley  Ave.  is  the  New  West  Side  Masonic  Temple. 
At  Western  Ave.  a  small  but  handsome  structure, 
Victoria  Hall,  is  seen  and  north  one  block  in  Western 
Ave.  is  one  of  the  great  power  houses  of  the  Chicago 
Hailways  Co.  Two  blocks  further  on,  at  Rockwell  St. 
is  a  relic  of  the  old  cable  car  days,  a  cable  power  house, 
now  converted  into  the  Madison  Gardens  and  used  as  a 
roller  skating  rink.  We  now  pass  under  the  tracks  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railway.  The  next  point  of  interest  is 
Garfield  Park.  Beyond  the  park  the  tract  of  land  ex- 
tending to  Fortieth  Ave.,  formerly  was  the  West  Chica- 
go Driving  Park,  now  entirely  obliterated.  At  Fortieth 
Ave.  we  transfer  to  a  south  bound  Fortieth  Ave.  car. 
At  Ogden  Ave.  we  again  transfer  taking  an  east  bound 
Ogden  Ave.  car  for  return  to  the  city.  Ogden  Ave.,  a 
section  of  which  we  now  pass  through,  is  beyond  ques- 
tion one  of  the  handsomest  business  streets  in  America. 
It  is  106  feet  between  curbs,  and  with  its  18-foot  walks 
has  a  total  width  of  142  feet.  The  paving  is  asphalt 
and  through  its  center  runs  a  line  of  ornamental  iron 
trolley  poles.  Just  after  passing  under  the  Douglas 
Park  branch  of  the  Metropolitan  Elevated  road  we  see 
Millard  Ave.  station  of  the  Chicago  Postoffice  and  very 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  77 

soon  arrive  at  Douglas  Park.  Here  is  seen  a  five  story 
salmon  colored  brick  structure,  the  Jewish  Old  People's 
Home,  fronting  which  is  the  Douglas  Park  Gymnasium 
with  running  track,  and  physical  training  equipment 
for  both  children  and  adults.  The  tall  building  back  of 
the  gymnasium,  with  red  roof  and  central  cupola  is  St. 
Anthony's  Hospital.  To  the  right  of  this  building  is  a 
five  story  structure,  one  of  the  State  Homes  for  the 
blind. 

Our  car  now  passes  through  the  center  of  Douglas 
Park,  the  older  portion  lying  to  the  north  of  Odgen  Ave. 
The  section  of  Ogden  Avenue  beyond  is  parked  and 
soon  we  mount  a  viaduct  from  which  is  seen  a  network 
of  railway  tracks  and  many  huge  industrial  plants,  this 
being  a  manufacturing  center  of  immense  proportions. 
Shortly  after  leaving  the  viaduct  the  car  crosses  Twelfth 
St.  where  we  transfer  to  an  east  bound  Twelfth  St.  car. 
In  that  street  opposite  No.  972  is  seen  St.  Charles 
Church  and  south  in  Robey  St.  is  one  of  the  new  pub- 
lic school  buildings.  Just  beyond  is  the  Church  of  the 
Holy  Family  and  St.  Ignatius  College  just  beyond  which 
Blue  Island  Ave.  is  crossed,  it  being  in  times  past  the 
principal  business  street  of  the  Southwest  Side.  From 
here  to  the  next  viaduct  we  pass  through  the  Ghetto 
where  fully  two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants  are  of  the 
Jewish  race.  Two  blocks  beyond  Halsted  St.  is  Jeffer- 
son St.  which,  from  Twelfth  St.  to  Fourteenth  St.,  con- 
tains the  Ghetto  Market,  an  institution  full  of  interest. 
At  137  DeKoven  St.,  two  blocks  north  from  Twelfth  St., 
the  great  Chicago  Fire  of  1871  started;  a  tablet  placed 
on  the  building  at  that  number  attests  this  fact. 

We  now  pass  through  a  section  occupied  largely  by 
rag  and  old  iron  merchants.  From  Twelfth  St.  viaduct 
is  seen  an  intricate  network  of  railway  tracks,  many 


78  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

huge  industrial  plants  and  grain  elevators,  in  which  are 
stored  millions  of  bushels  of  grain. 

The  car  now  crosses  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago 
River  and  turns  north  past  the  B.  &  O.  freight-house 
beyond  which  is  the  Grand  Central  Station.  Thence  it 
proceeds  east  in  Van'Buren  St.,  the  southern  boundary 
of  the  Loop,  and  we  are  again  downtown,  where  the  trip 
ends. 

Street  Car  Ride  Number  Four 

Includes  the  southern  section  of  the  city,  Chicago 
Union  Stock  Yards,  White  City,  Sans  Souci,  University 
of  Chicago  and  Jackson  Park.  (For  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  points  named  see  "Points  of  Interest").  About 
17  miles  in  all.  Fare  10  cents. 

Taking  a  car  marked  "Halsted  &  79th"  at  Clark  and 
"Washington  Sts.  or  anywhere  in  Clark  St.  south  of  Wash- 
ington, we  are  carried  south  in  Clark  St.  past  the  Fed- 
eral Building  and  at  Harrison  St.  we  see  one  block  west 
the  old  Harrison  Street  Police  Station,  one  of  the  most 
famous  in  [the  city;  St.  Peter's  Church,  one  of  the 
older  landmarks  of  this  section  of  the  city,  is  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Polk  St.  Beyond  to  the  west  at  Twelfth  St.  are  a 
number  of  grain  elevators.  From  this  point  the  car 
passes  through  a  tenement  district  largely  inhabited  by 
Italians.  To  the  east  of  it  is  the  "colored  belt."  At  Eight- 
eenth St.  is  St.  John's  Church.  The  car  now  turns  into 
Archer  Ave.,  once  known  as  "the  Archer  Road."  Ap- 
proaching Halsted  St.,  the  Halsted  Street  vertical  lift 
bridge  (190  feet  high)  is  seen.  This  structure  opens  to 
let  boats  through  by  lifting  the  roadway  straight  up  in 
the  air  to  a  height  of  155  feet. 

A  short  distance  northwest  of  this  point  are  the  great 
lumber  working  plants,  where  millions  of  feet  of  lumber 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  79 

are  daily  worked  up  into  sash,  door  and  building  mate- 
rial of  various  kinds.  The  car  now  is  in  Halsted  St.  after 
crossing  "Bubbly  Creek"  a  notoriously  .unsavory  inlet 
of  the  Chicago  River,  we  reach  the  main  entrance  to  the 
Union  Stock  Yards.  South  of  the  stockyards  entrance 
a  short  distance  is  the  Transit  House,  the  stockyards 
hotel,  much  patronized  by  stockmen  from  all  over  the 
west.  Just  beyond  the  Transit  House  is  an  immense 
building,  the  International  Ampitheater,  the  second 
largest  building  in  the  country. 

From  Halsted  St.  we  have  a  view  of  some  of  the  stock 
yards  packing  plants  and  buildings.  Just  beyond  the 
yards  is  the  Nineteenth  Precinct  Police  Station.  Luna 
Park,  one  of  the  city's  smaller  summer  amusement  re- 
sorts is  at  the  corner  of  Fifty-first  St.  Garfield  Blvd.,  the 
southern  link  of  the  boulevard  system,  is  a  section  of 
Fifty-fifth  St.  The  Englewood  Hospital  is  seen  one 
block  west  of  Halsted  St.  at  Sixtieth  St.  At  Sixty- 
third  St.  we  transfer  to  an  east  bound  Sixty-third  St. 
car.  This  corner  is  the  business  center  of  the  Engle- 
wood district  which  alone  contains  150,000  inhabitants. 
Outside  the  Loop  there  probably  is  no  other  corner  in 
the  city  where  as  great  a  number  of  persons  pass  daily. 
The  Sixty-third  St.  line  is  the  busiest  cross  line  in  the 
city,  thousands  of  passengers  being  carried  each  day. 
The  fine  new  National  Theater  is  in  Halsted  St.  just 
north  of  Sixty-third.  Sixty-third  St.  is  seven  miles 
from  the  loop,  but  nevertheless  it  is  solidly  lined  with 
business  houses  from  Jackson  Park  west  for  four  miles. 
There  is  little  of  special  interest  until  the  car  has  passed 
under  the  four  railway  viaducts  at  State  St.,  which 
thoroughfare  is  crossed  as  we  emerge  from  the  subway 
under  the  viaducts.  A  short  distance  beyond  this  is 
the  White  City,  famed  as  a  popular  amusement  park, 


80  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

and  north  of  Sixty-third  St.  is  the  site  of  the  old  Wash- 
ington Park  Race  Track  which  was  quite  celebrated  in 
its  day  and  the  scene  of  some  fiercely  contested  races 
between  world  famous  horses.  Here,  occurred  the  an- 
nual event  known  as  the  "American  Derby"  which 
brought  out  some  notable  gatherings  of  fashionable 
people  from  all  over  the  country.  To  the  rear  of  this  is 
seen  Alison's  Ball  Park,  owned  and  managed  by  Cap- 
tain A.  C.  Anson,  widely  known  in  baseball  history. 
The  tall  steel  tower  east  of  the  ball  park  marks  Sans 
Souci  Park,  another  largely  patronized  amusement 
resort.  Adjoining  Sans  Souci  is  Washington  Park  and 
quite  near  by  is  the  University  of  Chicago.  Our  car 
continues  in  Sixty-third  St.  to  Jackson  Park  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  attractive  parks  in  the  city.  Return- 
ing we  board  the  South  Side  Elevated  at  Stony  Island 
Ave.  station  where  we  arrived  by  the  surface  car,  and 
are  carried  west  over  Sixty-third  St.  Just  beyond  Lex- 
ington Ave.  station  we  get  a  glimpse  of  the  University 
of  Chicago  buildings  with  their  red  roofs  and  gray 
towers.  A  small  section  of  Washington  Park  is  visible 
from  the  train  and  many  fine  apartment  houses  are  to  be 
seen  in  the  neighborhood.  From  Fortieth  St.  the  road 
runs  in  the  alley  between  WT abash  Ave.  and  State  St. 
At  Twenty-sixth  St.  station  is  seen  the  South  Division 
High  School  and  at  Twenty-second  St.  the  Lexington 
Hotel,  two  blocks  east.  North  of  Eighteenth  St.  a  fine 
view  is  had  of  the  Coliseum,  the  scene  of  many  national 
conventions,  and  at  Twelfth  St.  the  Central  Railway  Sta- 
tion may  be  seen.  From  this  point  on  glimpses  of  Grant 
Park  and  the  lake  are  caught  in  the  cross  streets  and  be- 
tweenthe  buildings.  The  train  turns  intoWabash  Ave.at 
Harrison  St.  and  at  Congress  St.  station  the  Auditorium 
Hotel  and  theater  building  is  seen  to  the  right.  We  are 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  81 

now  on  the  Loop  structure  and,  if  desired  may  ride  entire 
ly  around  on  the  Loop,  or  leave  the  car  at  any  one  of  its 
eleven  stations. 

Car  Ride  Number  Five 

Includes  Cottage  Grove  Ave.,  Oakwoods  Cemetery, 
Jackson  Park,  Midway  Plaisance,  Washington  Park,, 
Sans  Souci  and  Wentworth  Ave.  (For  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  points  named  see  "Points  of  Interest.")  Fare,, 
10  cents  round  trip  and  5  cents  for  each  stop  made. 

This  ride  is  begun  by  taking  a  Cottage  Grove  Ave.  car 
at  Wabash  Ave.  and  Randolph  St.  The  route  is  south 
in  Wabash  Ave.  through  the  retail  musical  and  book- 
selling center  of  the  city.  The  Kuntz-Remmler  Restau- 
rant, one  of  the  popular  high-class  eating  places,  is 
opposite  the  Auditorium  Building  at  Congress  St.,  a 
building  containing  the  Auditorium  Theater  and  hotel. 
At  Hubbard  Court  is  the  International  Theater,  the 
home  of  English  Grand  Opera  in  Chicago.  At  No.  482 
is  St.  Mary's  Church.  The  new  Garden  Theater  is  one 
short  block  beyond,  at  the  corner  of  Peck  Court.  The 
Central  Passenger  Station  is  seen  one  block  east  of  Wa- 
bash Ave.  at  Twelfth  St.  The  Wabash  Ave.  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  is  passed  at  Fourteenth  St.  The 
Coliseum  is  in  Wabash  Ave.  near  Fifteenth  St.  Oppo- 
site it  is  the  Haven  School. 

At  Eighteenth  St.  the  car  turns  east  in  that  thorough- 
fare and  we  see  straight  ahead  at  the  end  of  Eighteenth 
street,  the  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre  Monument.  A  turn 
to  the  south  in  Indiana  Ave.  is  now  made  and  at  Twenty- 
first  St.  we  see  to  the  left  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
and  at  the  right  Sinai  Temple,  a  Jewish  synagogue.  At 
Twenty-second  St.  the  car  passes  into  Cottage  Grove 
Ave.  East  in  Twenty-sixth  St.  may  be  seen  Mercy 


82  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Hospital  and  at  Twenty-ninth  St.  to  the  left  is  the 
Michael  Reese  Hospital.  The  Lakota  Hotel  may  be 
seen  one  block  west  at  Thirtieth  St.  At  Thirty-third  St. 
is  the  Hotel  Warner.  We  now  pass  two  small  parks, 
Groveland  and  Woodland.  In  Douglas  Monument 
Park,  a  small  square  at  the  foot  of  Thirty-fifth  Street,  is 
the  tomb  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  who  contested  with 
Abraham  Lincoln  for  a  seat  in  the  United  States 
Senate.  At  Thirty-fourth  St.  is  the  Chicago  Baptist 
Hospital.  One  block  to  the  west  near  Thirty-ninth  St. 
are  the  large  new  car  barns  of  the  Chicago  City  Railway 
Co.  At  the  Northeast  corner  is  the  Drexel  Cafe,  a  pop- 
ular resort  with  "south  siders."  The  north  end  of 
Drexel  Blvd.,  one  of  the  show  streets  of  the  city,  is  now 
passed.  To  the  left  is  the  Drexel  Arms  Hotel.  Oak- 
land Music  Hall  is  at  3997,  opposite  which  is  one  of  the 
substations  of  the  Chicago  Post  Office. 

St.  Xavier  Academy,  a  fine  building  in  large  grounds 
is  at  Forty-ninth  St.  We  now  come  to  Washington  Park 
and  see  to  the  left  Drexel  Square,  with  Drexel  Fountain 
in  bronze.  Just  beyond,  the  conservatories,  stables, 
and  power  houses  of  the  park  are  seen.  At  Fifty-eighth 
St.,  looking  two  blocks  east  are  the  buildings  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago,  which  face  the  famous  Midway  Plai- 
sance,  of  World's  Fair  memory.  This  boulevard  is  the 
connecting  link  between  Washington  and  Jackson 
Parks.  At  Sixtieth  St.  is  Sans  Souci  Park.  Notable 
philanthropic  institutions  nearby  are  the  Jewish  Peoples' 
Homes  for  Orphans  and  the  Aged.  At  Sixty-third  St. 
we  are  seven  miles  from  the  Loop.  White  City  is 
about  one-fourth  mile  to  the  west.  Its  central  light 
tower  maybe  seen  a  little  farther  on.  At  Sixty-seventh 
St.  is  Oakwoods  Cemetery,  where  the  Confederate 
soldiers'  monument  is  located.  Here  we  tranfer  to  an 
east  bound  Sixty-seventh  St.  car. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  83 

The  main  entrance  to  Oakwoods  Cemetery  is  passed 
a  short  distance  east  of  Cottage  Grove  Ave.  The  car 
carries  us  to  Stony  Island  Ave.  where  we  transfer  to  any 
north  bound  car  in  that  street  and  ride  to  the  terminus 
of  the  line  at  Sixty-third  St.,  passing  the  edge  of  Jack- 
son Park  en  route.  At  Sixty-third  St.  we  are  not  far 
from  the  center  line  north  and  south  of  Jackson  Park. 
The  Field  Museum,  boat  house,  etc.,  lie  farther  north, 
while  the  lagoon,  yacht  harbor,  and  the  Jackson  Park 
Yacht  Club  are  at  the  east  side  of  the  park.  The  Pub- 
lic Golf  Links  are  quite  near  Sixty-third  and  Stony 
Island  Ave.  Carriages  here  will  take  one  about  the  park 
for  a  25  cent  fare.  Time  35  minutes.  Continuing  our 
trip  we  walk  north  in  Stony  Island  Ave  to  Sixtieth  St. 
which  marks  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Midway 
Plaisance.  In  Sixtieth  St.  we  pass  under  the  Illinois 
Central  tracks  to  Washington  Ave.  where  we  will  take 
a  car  for  return  to  the  city.  To  the  north  across  Mid- 
way Plaisance  is  seen  the  Hotel  Del  Prado  and  the 
buildings  of  the  University  of  Chicago.  The  latter 
institution  may  well  be  visited  from  this  point.  At 
Cottage  Grove  Ave.  the  car  crosses  the  line  on  which 
we  came  out,  with  Sans  Souci  Park  on  the  right.  To  the 
left,  from  here  to  the  elevated  tracks,  was  the  site  of  the 
Old  Washington  Park  race  track,  very  famous  in  its  day. 

At  State  St.  we  pass  under  the  Englewood  branch  of 
the  South  Side  Elevated.  At  Fifty-ninth  St.  the  car 
again  turns  west  and  we  pass  under  the  Rock  Island  Ry. 
tracks.  To  the  right  is  the  North  Englewood  Congrega- 
tional Church.  At  Wentworth  Ave.,  just  beyond  the 
church,  we  transfer  to  a  North  bound  Wentworth  Ave. 
car.  Garfield  Boulevard,  the  southernmost  connecting 
link  of  the  boulevard  system,  is  crossed  at  Fifty-fifth  St. 
Just  beyond  this  the  car  passes  under  an  elevated 


84  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

structure  over  which  pass,  one  above  the  other,  steam 
trains  and  not  infrequently  elevated  cars.  It  some- 
time happens  that  while  a  surface  car  bowls  along  below, 
an  elevated  train  is  above  and  a  steam  railway  train 
between  the  two.  At  Thirty-ninth  St.  is  seen  to  the 
left,  the  American  League  Baseball  Grounds,  known  lo- 
cally as  the  White  Sox  Park.  Just  beyond  Thirty- 
fourth  St.  is  the  new  Seventh  Regiment  Armory,  a 
large  handsome  structure. 

At  Twenty-fifth  St.  three  blocks  east,  is  the  Wesley 
Hospital.  Little  more  of  special  interest  is  seen  until 
the  downtown  district  is  reached.  The  car  continues 
through  the  Loop  section  to  Clark  and  Washington  Sts., 
where  the  sight  seeing  ride  ends. 

OTHER  INTERESTING  STREET  CAR  RIDES 
River  Forest  and  the  Des  Plaines  River. 

Lake  St.  line  transferring  at  West  Fortieth  Ave.  to 
Madison  St.  line.  Fare  10  cents  round  trip. 

River  Forest  is  an  aristocratic  West  Side  residence 
suburb.  Notice  the  old  ivyy  covered  church  and  public 
library. 

Riverside. 

Ogden  Ave.  car  transferring  to  Fortieth  Ave.  Round 
trip  20  cents.  Long  delightful  ride  through  Morgan 
Park,  Berwyn,  Clyde  and  Riverside.  Many  picnic 
grounds.  Popular  route  for  special  trolley  party  cars. 

Madison  Street. 

Madison  St.  cars  to  the  end  of  the  line  is  a  long, 
pleasurable  ride.  Its  first  portion  is  included  in  Car 
Ride  No.  3. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  85 


Bowman  ville. 


Lincoln  Ave.  car.     Fare  10  cents  round  trip. 

This  is  a  long,  pleasant  ride  out  N.  Clark  St.  and 
Lincoln  Ave.  to  Bowmanville,  which  in  earlier  days  was 
a  small  German  settlement.  The  German  element  still 
predominates.  Truck  gardening  is  the  main  industry. 
The  ride  is  an  interesting  one  and  the  cars  are  large 
and  comfortable. 

North  Avenue. 

N.  Clark  St.  cars,  transferring  to  North  Ave.  line  at 
North  Ave.  Fare  round  trip  10  cents.  Humboldt 
Park  is  reached  via  North  Ave.  Return  trip  may  be 
made  by  Grand  Ave.  line. 

South  Chicago,  Kensington  and  Pullman. 

Round  trip  fare  20  cents. 

This  is  a  very  long  ride,  consuming  about  four  hours. 
Take  South  Side  Elevated  to  Stony  Island  Ave.  Station. 
South  Chicago,  Kensington  or  Pullman  car  from  there, 
according  to  the  place  it  is  desired  to  reach. 

LAUNCH  TRIPS 

At  the  east  end  of  the  Randolph  St.  viaduct  and  at 
the  Clark  St.  bridge  are  launches  which  make  regular 
trips  at  short  intervals,  during  the  summer  months,  to 
Lincoln  Park,  fare  25  cents  round  trip.  These  rides 
take  one  into  the  open  lake,  the  last  named  affording  a 
view  of  the  Chicago  River  from  Clark  St.  to  the  lake,  and 
many  of  the  passenger  steamship  docks.  Launches 
may  be  charterted  at  the  rate  of  $2.00  per  hour  for  the 
purpose  of  inspecting  the  Chicago  River,  or  for  other 
trips;  apply  at  east  end  of  Randolph  St.  Viaduct. 


86  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

SIGHTSEEING  AUTOMOBILES 

To  those  who  desire  to  see  the  most  territory  in  the 
least  possible  time  and  at  a  minimum  of  expense  the 
"Sightseeing"  automobiles  are  to  be  recommended. 
They  make  regular  trips  over  scheduled  routes  laid  out 
with  a  view  to  showing  the  visitor  the  best  and  most 
interesting  portions  of  the  city. 

Sightseeing  automobiles  leave  the  Saratoga  Hotel, 
Dearborn  near  Monroe  St.,  four  times  daily  and  Sun- 
day (at  10  a.  m.,  2:30  p.  m.,  3:30  p.  m.,  and  4:30  p.  m.) 
for  the  Lake  Shore  Drive  and  Lincoln  Park.  Fare, 
round  trip,  50  cents.  The  time  occupied  in  taking 
this  trip  is  one  hour.  The  famous  Lincoln  Park  is 
thoroughly  covered.  Other  interesting  points  to  be 
seen  are  the  State  St.  bridge,  a  triumph  of  mechanical 
engineering,  South  Water  St.,  the  great  market  thor- 
oughfare, waterworks  tower,  Potter  Palmer  "Castle," 
statues  and  monuments  of  Lincoln  Park,  Barry  Beach, 
Sheridan  Drive,  and  the  Marine  Hospital.  Trips  to  the 
South  Side  are  made  twice  daily  and  on  Sunday  leaving 
the  Saratoga  Hotel  at  10  a.  m.  and  2:30  p.  m.  Time,  2 
hours.  Fare,  round  trip,  $1.00.  Among  the  interesting 
"sights"  afforded  by  this  trip  are  the  main  business 
district,  State  St.,  Jackson  Blvd.,  Michigan  Ave., 
Grand  Blvd.,  Washington  and  Jackson  Parks,  Midway 
Plaisance  and  the  University  of  Chicago.  Residences 
of  many  prominent  Chicagoans  are  passed  en  route 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  those  of  N.  K.Fairbank, 
H.  N.  Higinbotham,  C.  D.  Peacock,  Michael  Cudahy, 
Charles  T.  Yerkes,  E.  Mandel,  Mrs.  P.  D.  Armour,  Jr.,  J. 
Ogden  Armour,  John  G.  Shedd,  Chauncey  Blair,  A.  S. 
Trude,  G.  M.  Pullman,  Fernando  Jones,  Marshall  Field, 
Edson  Keith,  P.  D.  Armour,  Dr.  F.  W.  Gunsaulus, 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  87 

Rabbi    E.  Hirsch,  Mrs.  Chas.  Netcher,  A.  C.  Honore, 
Ferd.  W.  Peck,  and  P.  A.  Valentine. 

Another  line  of  sightseeing  automobiles  makes  three 
trips  daily  from  the  corner  of  Wabash  Ave.  and  Monroe 
St.  opposite  the  Palmer  House,  to  the  South  Side,  visit- 
ing all  principal  points  of  interest.  Distance  covered  26 
miles.  Time  about  2  hours.  Fare,  round  trip  $1.00. 
Special  night  trips,  over  brilliantly  lighted  thorough- 
fares, to  the  White  City  and  Sans  Souci  are  made  by  these 
automobiles.  These  trips  are  discontinued  in  the  winter. 

A  FEW  OF  THE  BEST  AUTO  DRIVES  IN  AND  ABOUT 
CHICAGO 

Chicago  to  Milwaukee. 
Chicago  to  Lake  Geneva,  via  Half  Day. 
Chicago  to  South  Bend,  Ind. 
Chicago  to  Elgin,  to  Aurora,  to  Chicago. 
Chicago  to  Joliet,  to  Aurora,  to  Chicago. 
Chicago  to  Rockford. 


88  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 


POINTS  OF  INTEREST 

Under  this  caption  it  is  intended  to  give  the  visitor 
a  description  of  such  particular  institutions  and  places 
in  Chicago  as  would  seem  to  be  of  most  general  interest. 

These  "points"  are  here  arranged  in  alphabetical 
order,  and  can  also  easily  be  found  through  the  index 
in  the  back  of  the  guide.  A  number  of  the  places  de- 
scribed have  already  been  mentioned  in  passing  but 
are  here  considered  more  carefully  and  at  length. 

Abattoirs  and  Meat  Packing  Plants 

Best  reached  by  South  Side  Elevated,  changing  at 
Indiana  Ave.  and  Fortieth  St.  to  Stock  Yards  Branch. 
Get  off  at  Morris,  Swift,  Packers  Ave.,  or  Armour  Sta- 
tions. 

The  district  known  as  Packingtown  lies  directly  back 
of  the  stockyards  and  covers  an  area  of  about  200 
acres.  The  visitor  will  ordinarily  enter  this  district  by 
way  of  Exchange  Ave.  after  having  first  visited  the 
stockyards  whence  the  packers  obtain  most  of  their 
material. 

Chicago  is  the  principal  live  stock  and  meat  packing 
center  of  the  United  States.  Of  the  forty  meat  packing 
plants  in  Chicago  all  but  a  very  few  are  located  in  this 
district,  including  all  the  great  concerns  whose  names 
are  known  the  world  over.  All  of  these  concerns  are 
under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

The  farmer  ships  his  live  stock  to  Chicago  consigned 
to  a  commission  merchant  at  the  Union  Stock  Yards 
who  offers  it  for  sale  to  the  highest  bidder.  Two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  buyers  representing  various  packers, 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  89 

local  slaughterers,  and  exporters,  are  always  busy  here. 
All  buying  must  be  finished  by  3  o'clock  each  day  and 
paid  for  in  cash.  One  million  dollars  changes  hands  in 
Chicago  every  working  day  of  the  year  for  live  stock 
alone. 

The  abattoirs  located  here  have  the  advantage  of  loca- 
tion in  the  world's  greatest  live  stock  market  and 
through  the  use  of  modern  mechanical  appliances,  to- 
gether with  highly  efficient  business  management  and 
scientific  utilization  of  all  waste  materials  they  have  de- 
veloped a  volume  of  business  unequaled  elsewhere  in 
the  world.  A  partial  list  of  by-products  manufactured 
follows: 

Laundry  and  toilet  soap. 

Glue  and  gelatine. 

Sandpaper  and  isinglass. 

Lubricating  and  lighting  oils. 

Bones,  knife  handles,  buttons 

Fertilizers. 

Casings. 

Hides  and  pelts. 

Wool. 

Tallow  and  stearine 

Ammonia 

Pepsin. 

Glycerine. 

Stock  foods. 

Feather  pillows. 

Bristles. 

Various  Chicago  packers  collectively  ship  on  an  aver- 
age about  500  loaded  cars  of  product  daily  during  the 
year,  the  product  being  distributed,  not  only  through- 
out this  country,  where  branch  houses  are  erected  and 

.',-,•     r 


90  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

maintained  in  every  city  of  any  prominence,  but  all 
over  the  world. 

A  number  of  recently  erected  buildings  are  of  steel 
and  concrete  construction  lined  throughout  with  white 
enameled  brick  and  from  a  sanitary  and  hygeinic  stand- 
point are  the  highest  type  of  buildings  in  existence 
where  food  products  are  prepared.  Manicure  service  is 
furnished  gratuitously  to  thoroughly  impress  upon  em- 
ployes the  need  of  scrupulous  cleanliness. 

Most  of  the  great  packing  houses  here  have  branches 
in  other  cities  and  countries.  As  indicating  something 
of  the  magnitude  of  the  packing  interests  centered  here 
the  following  statistics  covering  the  business  activities 
of  a  single  large  concern,  may  be  of  interest. 
Coal  consumed  during  year  1907,  all  plants, 

tons 592,066 

Horsepower,  engine  rooms 69,000 

Electric  lights 40,158 

Rated     capacity     generators —kilowatts ....          6,635 

Electric  motors,  horsepower 8,468 

Hickory  wood    burned,  for    smoked    meats, 

cords 5,147 

Telegrams  sent  and  received 1,455,201 

Letters  sent  and  received 5,109,578 

Salt  used  in  curing,  tons 108,623 

Sugar   used    for    curing   hams    and    bacon, 

pounds 2,858,215 

Wooden  boxes  manufactured  and  shipped.  .    7,119,513 

Tins  packed  with  lard 6,744,718 

Barrels  and  tierces  used . . , 1,303,243 

Parchment  paper  purchased,  pounds 1,655,439 

Employes,  all  plants 25,000 

All  the  packing  houses  make  a  specialty  of  showing 
visitors  through  their  plants  furnishing  guides  and  pro- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  91 

viding  rest  rooms.  No  passes  are  required  to  gain  ad- 
mittance. The  start  is  made  from  the  visitors'  recep- 
tion room  as  soon  as  a  party  of  sufficient  size  has  been 
gathered.  The  U.  S.  Inspectors  can  be  observed  car- 
rying out  the  regulations  of  congress,  respecting  food 
products. 

In  general  one  packing  plant  is  much  like  another, 
though  all  have  certain  specialties,  so  that  a  careful 
inspection  of  one  of  the  largest  gives  an  idea  of  the  essen- 
tial features  of  all.  If  the  visitor  is  especially  interested 
in  the  methods  of  manufacture  of  prepared  foodstuffs 
there  is  one  large  concern  which  devotes  itself  ex- 
clusively to  this  end  of  the  business,  putting  out  every 
month  about  10,000,000  cans  of  corned  beef,  ox  tongue, 
mince  meat,  etc.  A  part  of  this  output  is  used  as  ra- 
tions for  the  British  Army. 

Academy  of  Sciences  and  Museum  of  Natural  History 

Lincoln  Park.  (Street  car  ride  No.  1.)  Admission 
free.  Open  daily,  except  Sundays  and  holidays,  9  to  5. 
This  museum  contains  well  arranged  and  well  cared  for 
specimens  as  follows:  Mollusca,  50,000;  paleontological 
department,  22,000;  mineralogical,  11,000;  entymolog- 
ical,  35,000;  and  ornithological,  7,000,  besides  other 
small  collections  and  a  library  of  27,000  books  and  pam- 
phlets, dealing  mostly  with  proceedings  of  scientific  so- 
cieties. Also  there  are  about  8,000  mounted  botanical 
specimens  and  a  skeleton  of  a  mammoth  standing  13 
feet  high.  This  is  the  only  restored  specimen  of  this 
species  on  exhibition  at  the  present  time.  Total  num- 
ber of  specimens  in  the  museum  about  225,000. 

Art  Institute 

Michigan  Ave.  foot  of  Adams  St.  Open  daily,  9  to  5, 
except  Sundays,  1  to  5.  Admission  25  cents,  except 


92  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Wednesday,  Saturday  and  Sunday  free.     Catalogue  15 
cents. 

The  building  is  situated  in  Grant  Park  on  the  Lake 
Front.  Standing  apart  from  any  other  building  the 
beauty  of  its  classic  Greek  architecture  may  be  fully  ap- 
preciated. It  contains  valuable  collections  of  paintings 
sculpture,  and  other  objects  of  art,  ranking  with  the 
best  on  the  continent,  and  the  largest,  most  comprehen- 
sive art  school  in  America.  There  are  4,144  students 
enrolled  in  the  various  classes  for  the  current  year 
(1908-9).  Each  object  in  the  collection  is  provided 
with  an  explanatory  label.  About  550,000  persons 
visit  and  examine  the  collections  annually.  The  base- 
ment floor  is  devoted  to  school  and  work  rooms.  The 
main  floor,  Rooms  1,  5,  8,  10,  12  and  14  contain  the  El- 
bridge  G.  Hall  collection  of  casts  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Sculpture  with  a  few  original  modern  works  in  Rooms 
12  and  37.  Room  6  contains  the  Higinbotham  collection 
of  Naples  bronzes;  Room  11,  old  French  sculpture;  Room 
13,  musical  instruments;  Room  15,  a  small  but  good  col- 
lection of  scarabaei,  beads  and  other  Egypitan  antiqui- 
ties, also  Greek  vases,  both  glass  and  terra  cotta;  Room 
16,  oil  paintings.  Room  20  is  Blackstone  Hall,  a  gallery 
200  feet  in  length  with  height  and  breadth  in  proportion, 
containing  the  great  Blackstone  collection  of  architec- 
tural casts,  chiefly  from  French  subjects.  To  the  right 
Room  29,  Ryerson  Library  of  Fine  Arts,  contains  5,187 
volumes.  On  the  left  is  Fullerton  Memorial  Hall.  This 
is  a  most  artistic  auditorium  seating  488  people,  and 
designed  primarily  as  a  lecture  hall  for  the  art  students, 
but  often  used  for  other  purposes  in  furtherance  of  the 
art  life  of  the  city.  On  the  second  floor  are  paintings, 
textiles  and  Japanese  objects  of  art.  Room  38  contains 
the  Field  collection  of  paintings,  chiefly  of  the  Barbizon 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  93 

school.  Room  39,  Stickney  room,  modern  paintings; 
Room  40,  Albert  A.  Hunger  collection  Japanese  bronzes, 
porcelains,  etc.;  Room  42,  Nickerson  collection  of 
jades,  crystals  and  modern  paintings;  Room  44,  Nicker- 
son collection  of  water  colors  and  engravings;  Rooms  43 
and  45,  antiquarian  collection  of  textile  and  decorative 
art;  Rooms  46-7-8,  porcelains,  ivories,  medals,  etc.; 
Room  32,  Hutcbinson  Gallery  of  Old  Masters  contains 
the  most  valuable  collection  of  the  Institute;  Room  31 , 
modern  paintings;  Room  33,  Arundel  reproductions, 
etc.;  Rooms  29-30,  occupied  by  temporary  exhibitions 
varied  from  time  to  time.  There  are  two  floors  above 
this  given  up  entirely  to  art  students.  A  dome  and 
other  extensive  additions  to  the  present  large  building 
are  planned  for  the  near  future.  This  description  will 
give  an  idea  of  the  magnitude  and  importance  of  these 
collections  of  the  works  of  the  most  famous  artists,  past 
and  present. 

Auditorium  Building. 

Congress  St.  between  Michigan  and  Wabash  Aves. 
This  building,  while  notable  because  of  its  size  and 
pleasing,  though  severely  simple  architecture,  is  abso- 
lutely unique  in  that  it  combines  in  the  one  building 
four  features,  each  one  pre-eminent  in  its  line.  These 
are  as  follows: 

AUDITORIUM  THEATER.  Worthy  of  note  as  the  second 
largest  theater  in  the  country,  surpassed  only  by  the 
Metropolitan  Opera  House  of  New  York  City.  Hs  ac- 
tual seating  capacity  is  4,039.  To  the  left  of  the  stage  is 
a  great  organ  rated  among  the  finest  in  the  world.  The 
theater  is  most  beautifully  and  harmoniously  furnished 
and  decorated.  Its  acoustic  qualities  are  such  that  in 
spite  of  its  great  size  a  good  speaker  may  from  the  stage 


94  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

easily  make  himself  heard  in  every  part  of  the  house. 
For  many  years  the  Auditorium  Theater  was  the  home 
of  the  famous  Theodore  Thomas  Orchestra,  and  now 
each  year  during  the  Grand  Opera  season  is  filled  to  its 
capacity  with  the  most  brilliant  audiences  to  be  seen  in 
Chicago. 

Every  Sunday  morning  at  eleven  (doors  open  at  10 : 30) 
Dr.  F.  W.  Gunsaulus,  one  of  Chicago's  best  known  min- 
isters, occupies  the  stage  as  his  pulpit  and  preaches  to 
great  audiences.  (See  "Churches.") 

AUDITORIUM  OBSERVATION  TOWER.  (Admission  25 
cents.)  At  the  left  of  the  theater  entrance  on  Congress 
St.  is  an  elevator  which  takes  visitors  to  the  top  of  the 
tower,  285  feet  above  the  street,  and  one  of  the  three 
highest  points  attainable  in  Chicago.  As  the  tower  di- 
rectly faces  Lake  Michigan  there  is  always  a  splendid 
view  in  that  direction,  and  in  general  over  the  city, 
especially  the  Loop  District. 

AUDITORIUM  HOTEL.  Faces  Lake  Michigan  and  Grant 
Park.  Entrance  on  Michigan  Avenue.  One  of  the 
largest  and  finest  hotels  in  the  United  States.  The 
Auditorium  proper  has  350  guest  rooms  and  the  usual 
complement  of  other  rooms  found  in  a  modern  hotel. 
The  main  banquet  hall  and  dining  room  used  for  special 
occasions  and  semi-public  functions  has  a  seating  capac- 
ity of  about  1,000  and  is  located  on  the  tenth  floor.  The 
Auditorium  Hotel  is  connected  with  the  Congress  Hotel, 
otherwise  known  as  the  Annex,  (both  under  same 
management),  on  the  opposite  side  of  Congress  St.,  by  a 
broad  well  lighted  tunnel. 

AUDITORIUM  OFFICE  BUILDING.  Entrance  on  Wa- 
bash  Ave.  except  to  such  offices  as  are  located  in  the 
Tower.  This  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  finely 
equipped  office  buildings  of  the  city.  It  is  mainly  ocCu- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  95 

pied  by  teachers  and  schools  devoted  to  music  and  the 
other  arts.  On  the  ground  floor  are  to  be  found  several 
attractive  stores. 

Automobile  Club  of  Chicago. 

No.  13  Plymouth  Place,  near  Jackson  Blvd.  This 
club  will  be  of  interest  to  motorists  since  it  is  the  place 
at  which  motoring  affairs  of  the  city  center.  The  club 
is  strictly  private  but  full  information  may  be  obtained 
here  concerning  any  desired  point  touching  on  local 
automobile  events. 

Automobile  Row. 

Michigan  Ave.  south  from  Randolph  St.  is  largely 
given  over  to  motor  cars  and  the  average  visitor  will  find 
enjoyment  in  watching  the  endless  procession  of  autos 
as  they  pass  at  all  hours.  Michigan  Ave.  near  Con- 
gress St.  is  about  the  best  point  from  which  to  view  the 
endless  parade  of  motor  cars.  Beginning  near  this 
point  and  extending  for  about  a  mile  south,  will  be 
found  the  salesrooms  of  most  of  the  automobile  manu- 
facturers and  dealers  in  automobile  supplies. 

Board  of  Trade. 

La  Salle  St.  and  Jackson  Blvd.  Trading  hours  from 
9:30  a.  m.  to  1:15  p.  m.  except  Saturday  when  the  clos- 
ing hour  is  12  o'clock. 

This  massive  structure  is  located  at  the  foot  of  La 
Salle  St.  which,  more  than  any  other,  is  the  financial 
street  of  Chicago.  The  supremacy  of  Chicago  as  a  grain 
market  is  undisputed  and  under  the  roof  of  this  building 
is  the  very  heart  and  center  of  the  country's  grain 
trade. 

A  large  gallery  for  visitors  is  always  open  during  trad- 
ing hours  and  no  formalities  are  necessary  to  secure  en- 


96  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

trance.  If  for  any  reason  a  visitor  should  wish  to  go 
upon  the  floor  of  the  pit,  as  the  trading  area  is  called, 
during  business  hours,  permission  could  be  secured 
through  a  friend  or  acquaintance  who  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trade. 

The  din  and  confusion,  especially  when  prices  are 
rapidly  fluctuating,  are  indescribable  and  to  the  average 
onlooker  all  is  meaningless  when  as  a  matter  of  fact  a 
regular  system  and  orderly  procedure  is  back  of  all  the 
seeming  chaos.  For  this  reason  the  following  explana- 
tion may  not  be  out  of  place : 

Any  individual  trader  in  the  midst  of  the  noisy  crowd 
In  the  pit  sees  in  all  the  clamor  only  the  fixed  determina- 
tion of  his  fellows  to  buy  at  the  lowest,  or  sell  at  the  high- 
est possible  price.  As  to  the  general  intentions  of  any 
man  in  the  pit  at  the  moment  he  has  no  doubt,  though 
speech  is  not  only  impossible,  under  such  conditions, 
but  useless.  This  because  the  eye  is  quicker  than  the 
ear,  and  signals  given  with  the  hand  or  by  a  nod  of  the 
head  mean  as  much  to  the  initiated  as  would  a  written 
communication. 

The  sign  language  of  the  pit  is  simple  and  with  a  little 
practice  may  be  mastered  by  anyone;  but  this  is  not 
saying  he  would  have  acquired  all  the  requisites  of  a 
good  broker.  For  example  with  wheat  selling  at  95 
cents,  one  trader  catches  the  eye  of  another  in  the  pit 
who  has  5,000  bushels  to  sell,  and  partly  by  telepathy, 
partly  by  motion  of  the  clenched  fist,  signals  that  he  will 
take  the  wheat  at  95.  The  seller,  in  return,  holds  up 
his  right  hand  with  the  first  finger  extended  horizontally 
showing  that  he  wants  95£  cents.  The  buyer  motions 
acceptance  and  signals  back  £.  Then  the  two  note  on 
their  cards,  "sold  5  at  £  Brown,"  and  "bot  at  £  Smith." 
Later  they  meet  and  check  up  the  operation. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  97 

The  hand  held  horizontally,  the  fist  clenched,  then 
indicates  the  price  in  even  cents.  Each  finger  repre- 
sents an  added  eighth  of  a  cent  up  to  five-eighths;  the 
extended  hand  with  fingers  close  together  means  three- 
quarters,  and  the  thumb  above  means  seven-eighths, 
but  the  whole  hand  displayed  vertically  means  25,000 
bushels,  each  finger  counting  for  5,000  bushels.  A 
slight  motion  of  the^hand  to  or  from  the  trader  signifies 
whether  he  wants  to  buy  or  sell.  An  official  reporter  in 
each  of  the  trading  pits,  partly  by  observation  and  part- 
ly on  information  given  him  by  traders  on  the  spot,  notes 
the  latest  price  and  at  short  intervals  gives  them  to  a 
telegraph  operator  close  at  hand  to  be  put  on  the  ticker. 
In  this  way  the  price  of  grain  is  made  every  minute  dur- 
ing trading  hours  and  immediately  made  known  in  all 
the  markets  of  the  world. 

So  long  ago  as  March  13,  1848,  thirteen  men  represent- 
ing the  commercial  interests  of  that  day  in  Chicago, 
organized  the  Board  of  Trade  of  the  City  of  Chicago, 
and  laid  down  the  fundamental  principles  and  policies 
which  have  made  this  exchange  the  greatest  of  its  kind 
in  the  world,  as  well  as  a  model  for  similar  exchanges 
since  formed  elsewhere.  At  that  time  Chicago  had  a 
population  of  less  than  30,000  and  the  whole  state  had 
only  157,000.  For  many  years  the  Board  had  its  abode 
in  rented  quarters  but  outgrowing  these  an  exchange 
building  was  erected  at  La  Salle  and  Washington  Sts. 
in  1865,  only  to  be  destroyed  by  the  great  fire  six  years 
later.  A  year  later  it  was  rebuilt  and  in  1885  the  pres- 
ent building  at  La  Salle  and  Jackson  was  dedicated. 
Its  membership  at  present  is  1,726. 

When  the  board  was  first  organized  in  1848  the  total 
shipments  of  flour  from  Chicago  for  that  year  were  only 
45,000  barrels  and  the  total  shipments  of  wheat  2,000,- 


98  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

000  bushels.  Since  that  day  these  figures  have  been 
raised  to  as  high  as  9,300,000  and  48,000,000,  respective- 
ly. The  approximate  value  of  wheat,  corn,  oats,  rye 
and  barley  received  in  this  market  in  1907  in  round 
numbers  was  $150,000,000. 

Chicago  is  the  gateway  through  which  the  grain  of  the 
greatest  cereal  growing  area  in  the  world  passes  to  the 
consumer  at  home  and  abroad.  ,Over  thousands  of 
miles  of  railway  and  a  great  expanse  of  inland  water- 
ways produce  is  brought  to  The  Great  Central  Market 
and  either  stored,  transferred  or  consumed  and  manu- 
factured here.  Ample  storage  capacity  is  available  for 
63,000,000  bushels  of  grain. 

Bohemian  National  Cemetery. 

This  burial  ground  is  at  North  Fortieth  and  Bryn 
Mawr  Avenues  and  is  an  institution  of  interesting  origin 
and  unique  management.  With  the  possible  exception 
of  Greenwood  Cemetery  in  Brooklyn  it  is  the  only  co- 
operative burial  place  in  the  United  States. 

Twenty-eight  years  ago  when  the  Bohemian  popula- 
tion of  Chicago  was  about  30,000,  less  than  a  third  what 
it  is  to-day,  a  liberal  element  sprang  up,  and  the  neces- 
sity for  a  cemetery  that  should  be  non-sectarian  and 
xopen  to  all,  irrespective  of  religious  belief ,  being  appar- 
jent,  a  movement  to  that  end  was  led  by  Frank  B.  Zdru- 
bek,  then  as  now,  editor  of  Svornost,  a  daily  Bohemian 
newspaper.  The  result  was  the  organization  of  the 
Bohemian  National  Cemetery  Association, April  11, 
1877.  The  original  plat  of  ground  purchased  contained 
only  fifty  acres  but  this  has  now  been  enlarged  to  120. 
Of  these  sixty  acres  are  improved,  while  the  remainder 
rapidly  are  being  developed. 

Among  the  features  of  the  cemetery  are  its  macad- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  99 

amized  walks  and  drives,  trees  and  flowers.  It  main- 
tains its  own  police  force,  waterworks  system  and  ex- 
tensive greenhouses.  The  entrance,  built  of  limestone, 
with  castellated  towers,  is  imposing,  while  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  grounds  a  lofty  granite  monument  costing 
$5,000  has  been  erected  to  the  memory  of  Bohemian 
soldiers  of  the  Civil  War  buried  there.  Nearby  is  a 
structure  containing  a  vault  and  chapel,  which  cost  $13,- 
000.  Since  the  incorporation  of  the  cemetery  nearly 
19,000  bodies  have  been  interred. 

This  cemetery  is  essentially  different  from  most 
others  in  that  it  is  conducted  on  a  co-operative  basis 
with  no  profit  accruing  to  its  projectors.  Its  officers  are 
allowed  a  nominal  annual  salary  of  $25  to  cover  inci- 
dental expenses.  Lots  are  sold  to  those  able  to  pay  at 
the  rate  of  50  cents  the  square  foot.  The  poor  are  given 
burial  space  without  charge.  In  the  cemetery  are  500 
of  such  graves.  No  assessment  is  made  for  sprinkling  or 
mowing  grass.  Money  in  excess  of  operating  expenses 
is  placed  in  the  flower  decoration,  general  and  perpetual 
improvement  funds. 

Boston  Tea  Party. — Grave  of   the  Last  Survivor. 

Lincoln  Park  near  Wisconsin  St.  entrance. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact,  not  generally  known,  that 
the  last  survivor  of  this  famous  incident  preceding  the 
American  Revolution  passed  his  later  days  in  Chicago 
and  died  here  at  an  extreme  old  age  many  years  after 
the  founding  of  the  city. 

His  grave  may  be  found  just  at  the  right  of  an  en- 
trance to  Lincoln  Park  leading  off  from  Wisconsin  St. 
Take  Clark  or  Wells  St.  car  going  north  and  get  off  at 
Wisconsin  St. 

The  grave  is  marked  by  a  great  red  boulder  with 


100  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

bronze  tablet,  erected  by  the  Sons  and  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution.  The  tablet  reads:  "David  Ken- 
nison,  the  last  survivor  of  the  'Boston  Tea  Party'  who 
died  in  Chicago,  February  24,  1852,  aged  115  years,  3 
months,  17  days,  and  is  buried  near  this  spot." 

Blackstone  Library. 

Lake  Ave.  and  Forty-ninth  St.  Car  ride  No.  5,  trans- 
ferring to  east  bound  Forty-seventh  St.  car  to  Lake  Ave. 
and  walk  south  £  mile. 

A  handsome  structure  of  white  granite  and  Italian 
marble,  with  very  handsome  interior.  The  building 
cost  $200,000.  Books  may  be  obtained  under  the  same 
conditions  as  at  the  main  Public  Library  of  which  the 
Blackstone  is  a  branch. 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Building. 

Corner  of  Washington  and  La  Salle  Sts. 

This  is  one  of  the  earlier  modern  steel  construction 
buildings  (finished  in  1890)  but  it  still  ranks  high 
among  buildings  of  this  class.  The  ground  area  of  the 
building  is  183  x  93  feet,  it  is  13  stories  high  and  has  8 
large  elevators. 

A  distinctive  feature  is  a  large  open  court  extending 
from  the  main  floor  to  the  roof  with  all  offices  opening 
on  bronze  railed  galleries  which  encircle  this  court  at 
each  floor.  There  are  300  offices  and  the  interior  of  the 
structure  is  splendidly  lighted  by  one  of  the  largest  sky- 
lights in  the  world. 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce  Building  has  always  been 
headquarters  for  contractors  and  builders  and  for  those 
handling  building  material  and  supplies  of  all  kinds. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  101 

Chicago  Commons. 

Grand  Ave.  s.  e.  corner  of  Morgan  St.  Grand  Ave. 
car  at  State  and  Randolph  Sts. 

Chicago  Commons  was  opened  in  May,  1894,  by 
Graham  Taylor  in  an  old  residence,  a  relic  of  aristocratic 
days  in  that  district,  and  through  the  co-operation  of 
neighbors  and  friends  the  settlement  has  grown  until  its 
work  demanded  the  large  and  fully  equipped  building 
which  now  houses  its  many  clubs,  classes  and  twenty- 
five  residents. 

The  aims  and  activities  of  Chicago  Commons  are  the 
promotion  of  "co-operation  and  reciprocity  within  the 
neighborhood  and  among  others  who  meet  on  common 
ground  for  fellowship;  adjustment  of  differences  and 
betterment  of  relations  between  employers  and  em- 
ployes; to  bring  students  into  first-hand  contact  with 
life;  co-operative  relations  with  universities  and  pro- 
fessional schools;  political  education  and  action  through 
non-partisan  organization." 

Chicago  Historical  Society. 

Corner  Dearborn  Ave.  and  Ontario  St.  Reached  by 
Car  Ride  No.  1.  Admission  free.  Open  9  to  5,  daily, 
except  Saturday  afternoons  and  Sundays. 

The  collection  of  the  society  is  housed  in  a  magnifi- 
cent structure  of  rough  hewn  stone,  absolutely  fire 
Droof  and  is  of  more  than  passing  interest,  not  only  to 
the  stranger  but  to  the  Chicagoan  as  well.  Its  lecture 
hall  contains  a  fine  collection  of  portraits,  in  oil,  of  Chi- 
cago pioneers.  On  the  main  floor  is  a  library  of  25,000 
books  and  50,000  pamphlets,  many  of  them  dealing 
with  the  early  history  of  the  city  and  the  Northwest. 
On  the  second  floor  is  a  spacious  hall  with  specimens  of 
picture  writing  (Indian) on  elk  skin;  door  to  house  occu- 


102  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

pied  by  Columbus,  Porto  Santo,  Madeira  Island,  1474; 
and  curious  relief  panels,  marble  busts  and  fine  por- 
traits. Opening  from  this  hall  is  the  Manuscript  Room, 
with  many  very  old  and  exceedingly  interesting  docu- 
ments bearing  particularly  upon  the  settlement  and  ear- 
liest developments  of  Chicago. 

Also  opening  from  this  hall  is  the  Museum,  in  which 
are  displayed  rare  curios  connected  with  the  city's  early 
history,  including  model  of  Fort  Dearborn  made  from 
wood  of  the  original  structure;  an  iron  cross  from  the 
earliest  (1699)  church  in  Illinois  should  also  be  noted. 
Altogether,  the  building  is  filled  with  things  of  interest 
and  will  well  repay  a  visit. 

Chicago  River. 

The  only  satisfactory  way  to  view  the  docks,  river 
and  shipping  is  to  charter  a  launch  at  the  foot  of  Ran- 
dolph St.  By  so  doing  one  may  sail  up  and  down  the 
river,  visit  the  outer  breakwater,  the  life  saving  sta- 
tion, yacht  clubs,  etc.,  and,  if  a  party  of  say  six,  be 
made  up,  the  charge  should  not  amount  to  more  than 
$1.00  each  as  the  entire  trip  may  be  easily  made  in 
three  hours.  Even  this  charge  may  be  cut  down  by  in- 
creasing the  size  of  the  party  as  the  boats  hold  from 
,  twelve  to  fifteen  persons  and  the  charge  is  the  same  for 
\  one  or  a  dozen.  Many  characteristic  features  of  the 
river  may  be  viewed  from  the  State  St.,  Dearborn  St., 
Clark  St.  and  Wells  St.  bridges,  but  this  method  is  not 
so  satisfactory  though  it  costs  nothing  more  than  the 
expenditure  of  a  little  time.  If  one  cares  to  make  an 
inspection  after  this  fashion,  however, — go  first  to  the 
Rush  St.  bridge,  next  to  the  State  St.,  then  to  the 
Clark  St.,  and  finally  to  the  Wells  St.  bridge,  and  one 
will  have  thus  viewed  the  entire  river  from  the  lake  to 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  103 

the  point  where  it  forks.     See  elsewhere  for  account 
of  river  and  lake  traffic. 

Chinatown. 

Clark  St.  from  Van  Buren  St.  to  Harrison  St.  Here 
is  what  is  known  as  Chinatown,  a  large  per  cent  of  the 
Celestial  population  of  the  city  residing  here  or  in  the 
near  vicinity.  Many  chop  suey  restaurants  and  Chi- 
nese stores  are  here  located.  Chinese  restaurants  serv- 
ing chop  suey  and  many  other  distinctive  Chinese 
viands  are  found  in  different  parts  of  the  Loop  District. 
They  are  scrupulously  clean  and  elaborately  furnished 
and  decorated  after  the  Chinese  style.  A  trip  to  Chi- 
cago would  hardly  be  complete  without  taking  a  meal 

at  one  of  these  places. 

• 

City's  Most  Crowded  Block. 

Wentworth  Ave.  car,  transferring  west  on  Thirty- 
fifth  St.  to  Morgan  St.  In  the  block  bounded  by  Mor- 
gan St.,  Thirty-second  Place,  Mosspratt  St.  and  Thirty- 
fourth  Place,  live  2,172  men,  women  and  children,  this 
being  the  most  congested  residential  block  in  Chicago. 
There  are  720  Russians,  674  Poles,  692  Germans,  29 
Bohemians,  19  Irish  and  25  native-born  Americans. 
One  flat  has,  or  had  when  the  census  enumerator  paid 
his  visit  last  year,  (1908),  63  inhabitants. 

City's  Most  Crowded  Corner. 

The  intersection  of  State  and  Madison  Sts.  near  the 
middle  of  the  Loop  District,  and  about  in  the  center  of 
the  downtown  retail  shopping  region,  is  famous  as  the 
most  crowded  street  crossing  in  Chicago.  The  streams 
of  pedestrians  and  vehicles  pass  this  corner  in  constant 
and  almost  solid  masses.  But  for  the  able  direction  of 


104  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

the  police,  both  mounted  and  foot,  there  would  be  fre- 
quent blockades. 

City  and  County  Buildings. 

The  square  bounded  by  Clark,  Randolph,  La  Salle 
and  Washington  Sts.  was  reserved  as  the  site  for  city 
and  county  government  when  the  city  was  first  laid  out 
and  has  been  continuously  used  for  this  purpose  ever 
since.  The  old  City  Hall,  erected  shortly  after  the 
Great  Fire  of  1871,  has  just  been  demolished  and  will  be 
replaced  by  an  exact  duplicate  (externally)  of  the 
present  imposing  County  Building.  This  group  will 
form  what  will  be  unquestionably  the  finest  block  of 
municipal  and  county  buildings  in  America,  if  not  in 
the  entire  world;  the  total  cost  of  the  two  buildings 
approximately,  with  furnishings  will  be  $10,000,000. 
Some  data  concerning  the  County  Building  will  be  of 
more  than  passing  interest  since  in  its  erection  a  new 
record  was  established  in  public  building  construction. 
Its  foundations  were  begun  late  in  December,  1905,  and 
February  15,  1907,  the  steel  work  was  complete,  the 
roof  on  and  five  of  the  stories  were  plastered.  The  struc- 
ture contains  12,000,000  cubic  feet  of  space,  22,000,000 
Ibs.  of  steel  and  28,000,000  Ibs.  of  granite.  It  rests  on 
130  caissons  of  concrete  extending  to  bed  rock  115  feet 
below  street  level.  The  building  is  157  by  374  feet,  its 
highest  point  218  ft.  above  street  level  and  its  lower 
floor  (machinery  room)  38  feet  below  that  grade,  mak- 
ing a  total  height  of  256  feet.  The  total  cost,  exclusive 
of  furniture  and  including  $79,000  for  wrecking  the  old 
structure,  was  $4,146,428.20.  The  corner  stone  (Clark 
and  Randolph  Sts.)  laid  Sept.  21,  1906,  by  Vice-Presi- 
dent Fairbanks,  contains  letters  from  President  Roose- 
velt and  Chief  Justice  Fuller,  Chicago  directories  1844 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  105 

and  1906,  maps,  views,  photographs,  model  of  Old  Fort 
Dearborn,  annual  message  of  Mayor  Dunne,  first  dirt 
excavated  from  the  Drainage  Canal,  Chicago  papers, 
Sept.  20  and  21,  1906,  certificate  of  membership  in  many 
promin  nt  Chicago  organizations  and  other  articles. 
The  structure  is  dignified  and  imposing,  its  style  Mod- 
ern Classic  of  the  Corinthian  order.  At  its  main  (Clark 
St.)  entrance  are  carved  allegorical  figures  representing 
"Justice,"  "Law,"  "Labor  on  Land,"  and  "Labor  on 
Sea,"  the  work  of  Herman  A.  McNeil  and  Leon  J.  Her- 
mant.  These  figures  are  fine  examples  of  granite 
carving  and  cost  $3,440.  Passing  into  the  building  we 
note  the  narrow  vestibule  in  marble  and  bronze,  with 
curved  ornamental  glass  ceiling  set  in  bronze,  beyond 
which  is  the  main  corridor  on  either  side  of  which  are 
the  elevators  enclosed  in  ornamental  bronze  work  of 
Italian  Renaissance  design.  To  our  right  and  left  is  the 
grand  stairway  with  pedestals  designed  to  receive  stat- 
uary at  some  future  date.  This  corridor  is  as  impres- 
sive as  it  is  beautiful,  with  its  buff-colored  Italian  mar- 
ble walls  and  ceiling  with  groined  arches  of  the  same 
material,  paneled  in  colored  mosaic,  of  Italian  Renais- 
sance design.  To  the  right  of  the  entrance  is  the  office 
of  the  County  Treasurer.  Opposite,  to  the  left,  is  the 
County  Recorder's  office  occupying  the  entire  south 
half  of  the  ground  floor.  In  the  basement  is  an  enor- 
mous fireproof  vault,  in  which  are  kept  all  real  estate 
records  of  Cook  County.  These  records  may  be  freely 
inspected  by  visitors.  On  the  ninth  floor  are  several 
court  rooms,  of  which  there  are  thirty  in  the  building. 
By  application  to  Custodian's  Office,  second  floor,  per- 
mission may  be  obtained  to  go  out  on  the  roof  of  the 
building  whence  an  extended  view  may  be  had. 


106  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Coliseum. 

Wabash  Ave.  near  Sixteenth  St.  Reached  by  car 
ride  No.  5  or  any  south  bound  car  in  Cottage  Grove  Ave. 

The  Coliseum  is  a  huge  structure  where  rtational  polit- 
ical conventions,  meeting  in  Chicago,  are  held.  It  is 
also  used  for  automobile,  electrical,  advertising  and 
business  shows  and  for  general  entertainments  and 
mass  meetings.  For  a  number  of  years  the  famous  old 
Libby  Prison,  which  "had  been  moved  to  Chicago  from 
Richmond,  stood  on  this  site.  The  building  is  of  stone, 
378  by  170  ft.,  105  ft.  high  to  dome.  It  will  seat  about 
14,000. 

Columbia  Yacht  Club. 

Randolph  St.  and  Lake  Front.  Cross  the  viaduct 
which  starts  at  Randolph  St.  and  Michigan  Ave. 

Yachting  affairs  center  in  large  degree  at  the  club 
house  of  the  Columbia  Yacht  Club  and  here  full  infor- 
mation concerning  them  may  be  had.  Adjacent,  are 
headquarters  for  power  boats,  and  the  club  house  of 
the  Corinthian  Yacht  Club  is  near  at  hand. 

Columbus  Memorial  Building. 

Washington  and  State  Sts. 

This  building  was  erected  in  1892,  during  the  con- 
struction of  the  World's  Fair,  and  the  name  Columbus 
being  selected,  it  was  decided  to  make  the  structure  a 
memorial  to  the  Great  Discoverer.  The  building  itself 
is  unique  in  that  it  is  almost  exclusively  occupied  by 
physicians  and  jewelers,  about  130  of  the  former  having 
offices  within  its  walls.  This  is  "Medico  Center"  of 
Chicago,  the  Stewart  and  Reliance  Buildings  on  corners 
opposite  from  the  Columbus  being  occupied  largely 
by  medical  men.  A  statue  of  Columbus,  in  bronze, 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  107 

by  Ezekiel,  is  placed  over  the  main  entrance.  With- 
in the  vestibule  the  three  ships  forming  the  fleet  of 
Columbus  are  shown  in  the  mosaic  floor,  while  above 
are  eleven  relief  panels  in  bronze  depicting  scenes  in  his 
life.  The  entire  entrance  is  of  ornamental  metal  work. 
Just  inside  the  door  the  names  of  Columbus  and  of  the 
commanders  of  two  of  his  ships  appear  in  the  floor, 
while  on  the  left  wall  are  arched  panels  in  mosaic,  setting 
forth  pertinent  historical  facts  concerning  the  intrepid 
Genoese. 

Commercial  National  Bank  Building. 

Clark  and  Adams  Sts. 

This  structure  is  Italian  Renaissance,  in  three  archi- 
tectural divisions.  The  lower  is  a  colonnade  of  the 
Corinthian  order,  set  on  a  base  formed  by  the  first  story. 
This  division,  forty  feet  high,  is  capped  with  a  Corinth- 
ian cornice.  The  middle  division,  of  terra  cotta  with 
decorated  surface,  rises  straight  from  this  point  to  the 
sixteenth  story,  over  200  feet  from  the  sidewalk.  The 
upper  division  of  three  stories  is  composed  of  an  arcade, 
the  arches  of  which  enclose  the  windows  of  these  floors. 
The  surface  of  the  arches  are  ornamented  by  con- 
ventional figures  of  the  "lion's  head"  and  "caduceus," 
emblematic  of  courage  and  prosperity,  respectively,  i 
The  whole  crowned  by  the  main,  highly  ornamented^ 
cornice.  The  Adams  St.  entrance  contains  a  handsome 
stairway  with  heavy  bronze  piers  and  richly  orna- 
mented balustrade.  The  main  banking  room  is  lofty, 
beautiful,  and  28,000  square  feet  in  area,  with  an  im- 
mense skylight.  Its  interior  is  Grecian  in  style,  the 
finish  being  in  Istrian  marble  and  Caen  stone.  Eight- 
een bronze  candelabra  ten  feet  in  height  are  an  orna- 
mental feature.  At  the  entrance  to  the  anteroom,  lead- 


108  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

ing  to  the  senior  officers'  quarters,  are  two  beautiful 
Corinthian  columns  of  pure  white  marble  supporting 
an  entablature  of  the  same  material.  The  marble  door- 
case over  the  door  to  the  president's  room  is  an  exact 
reproduction  of  one  in  Athens,  in  a  palace  on  the  Acrop- 
olis, called  the  Erectheum.  This  feature  is  one  much 
admired  by  architects  and  artists.  The  main  bank  vault 
contains  225  tons  of  armor  plate.  The  safe  deposit 
rooms  are  finished  entirely  in  polished  bronze,  and  are 
well  worth  seeing,  especially  the  enormous  circular 
door  with  its  time  locks.  This  is  one  of  the  two  build- 
ings in  Chicago  with  plunger  elevators.  Altogether  it  is 
one  of  the  most  imposing  of  the  great  office  buildings. 

Corn  Exchange  National  Bank  Building. 

Adams  and  La  Salle  Sts. 

This  handsome  new  structure  is  17  stories  high,  but, 
owing  to  the  height  of  the  bank  room  ceiling,  is  as  tall 
as  the  ordinary  18  story  building.  The  main  banking 
room  is  beautiful  and  impressive  and  well  worth  a  visit. 
The  building  is  strictly  modern  and  fireproof  in  every 
respect  and  aside  from  the  banking  quarters  is  occupied 
with  business  offices. 

John  Crerar  Library. 

Sixth  floor  Marshall  Field  Bldg.,  87  Wabash  Ave. 
Librarian,  Clement  W.  Andrews.  Admission  free. 
Open  daily,  except  Sunday,  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m. 

Contains  about  230,000  volumes  and  70,000  pam- 
phlets, nearly  all  of  a  scientific  character.  This  library 
works  in  harmony  with  the  Newberry  Library  and  the 
Chicago  Public  Library,  confining  itself  to  its  chosen 
field  of  science  and  thus  there  is  no  duplication  between 
these  three  institutions. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  109 

The  Medical  Department  of  the  library  is  particularly 
comprehensive  and  there  is  a  special  reading  room  for 
doctors  and  medical  students. 

In  general,  books  may  be  freely  used  for  reference 
but  are  not  to  be  taken  away.  In  1907  the  library  was 
patronized  by  109,677  people. 

Criminal  Court  Building  and  County  Jail. 

Michigan  St.  between  Clark  St.  and  Dearborn  Ave. 
Reached  by  car  ride  No.  1. 

The  Criminal  Court  Building  occupies  the  site  of  old 
North  Market  Hall,  erected  1851,  destroyed  in  the  Great 
Fire  of  1871,  and  replaced  by  the  Criminal  Court  Build- 
ing which  was  torn  down  in  1892  and  in  turn  replaced 
by  the  present  structure.  The  building  is  of  rock- 
faced,  coursed  ashlar  stonework,  massive  in  design, 
and  houses  the  offices  of  the  Prosecuting  Attorney  and 
the  Criminal  Court  rooms,  each  one  of  which  has  at  some 
time  been  the  scene  of  a  trial  of  more  than  national 
interest.  Immediately  to  the  rear  of  the  .Criminal 
Court  Building  is  the  County  Jail,  constructed  of  cut 
stone,  of  unique  design.  Within  the  walls  of  this  struc- 
ture have  been  confined  many  notorious  criminals, 
among  them  the  youthful  "Car  Barn  Bandits,"  also 
Johann  Hoch,  and  Adolph  Luetgert.  In  the  old  jail 
which  occupied  the  site  of  the  present  structure  were 
confined  the  Haymarket  anarchists.  From  9:30  to 
11:30  and  1:30  to  3:30,  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  the  jail 
may  be  visited  and  inspected  by  anyone.  No  pass  nec- 
essary. Apply  to  main  entrance  for  admission. 

Tomb  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas. 

Lake  Front  and  Thirty-fifth  St.  Car  ride  No.  5  to 
Thirty-fifth,  and  walk  one  block  east. 


110  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

The  tomb  is  a  hanusome  piece  of  work,  and  contains 
'  the  marble  coffin  of  the  "Little  Giant,"  in  the  crypt  be- 
neath the  shaft,  in  full  view.  The  situation  is  pleasing, 
overlooking  the  lake,  and  the  surrounding  grounds  are 
attractive.  The  shaft  of  stone  is  about  40  feet  in 
height,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  splendid  figure,  in 
bronze,  of  the  statesman.  Around  the  base  are  four 
bronze  figures  and  four  tablets  in  relief. 

Douglas  Park. 

Reached  by  Twelfth  St.  car  or  Ogden  Ave.  car. 
Fare  5  cents.  It  may  also  be  reached  by  car  ride  No.  3, 
but  this  is  a  roundabout  way  and  not  practical  if  the 
intention  be  simply  to  visit  the  park. 

Douglas  Park  lies  in  the  southwest  section  of  the  city 
and  the  Ogden  Ave.  line  runs  through  its  center.  It  ex- 
tends about  one-third  of  a  mile  east  and  west  by  two- 
thirds  of  a  mile  north  and  south.  The  grounds  are 
well  kept,  splendidly  shaded  with  fine  large  trees,  and 
ornamented  with  fine  flower  beds,  shrubbery  and 
stretches  of  green  lawn.  A  large  lagoori  lies  at  each 
end  of  the  park,  with  boats  to  hire  at  15  cents  to  25 
cents  per  hour.  In  the  south  half  is  a  very  completely 
equipped  athletic  field  with  running  track  and  many 
gymnastic  appliances  both  for  children  and  older  per- 
sons. This  park  is  being  extensively  improved  and 
will  soon  rank  with  the  other  large  Chicago  parks. 

Drainage  Canal. 

The  Drainage  Canal  built  by  the  Sanitary  District  of 
Chicago,  at  an  expenditure  thus  far  of  $58,000,000,  is 
one  of  the  world's  most  wonderful  engineering  feats. 
It  has  a  greater  cross  section  than  any  other  canal  in 
the  world  and  extends  36  miles  from  the  south  branch 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  111 

of  the  Chicago  River  to  a  point  on  the  Desplaines  River 
just  above  the  city  of  Joliet.  In  this  distance  it  has  a 
fall  of  40  feet.  It  has  a  depth  throughout  of  24  feet 
and  a  width  of  164  feet,  where  for  a  number  of  miles  it  is 
cut  through  solid  rock,  while  in  earth  cuttings  the 
width  is  202  feet  at  the  bottom  and  300  feet  at  the 
water  line,  giving  a  flowing  capacity  of  14,000  cubic 
feet  of  water  per  second. 

This  canal  cuts  the  low  divide  which  previously 
formed  a  watershed  dividing  those  waters  which  flow 
into  the  Great  Lakes,  and  thence  to  the  Atlantic,  from 
those  flowing  into  the  Mississippi  and  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
iso.  It  is  to  serve  the  double  purpose  of  carrying 
away  Chicago  sewage,  (so  diluted  with  a  great  volume 
of  clear  lake  water  and  purified  by  the  rapid  flow  of  the 
stream  as  to  be  harmless  to  towns  on  the  Desplaines  and 
Illinois  Rivers)  and  of  a  great  ship  canal.  Incidentally 
it  has  had  the  curious  effect  of  reversing  the  flow  of 
the  Chicago  River  which  formerly  discharged  its  foul 
stream  into  the  lake,  but  which  now  has  a  steady  cur- 
rent of  pure  water  setting  toward  the  entrance  of  the 
Canal  at  Robey  St.  and  the  South  Branch. 

In  its  capacity  of  ship  canal,  the  channel  of  the 
Drainage  Canal  is  an  important  link  in  the  proposed 
Lakes-to-the-Gulf  Deep  Waterway  extending  1,625 
miles  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  River.  This  will  eventually 
permit  large  ocean  going  ships  to  reach  Chicago  via 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  Mississippi  River,  the  Illinois 
River,  the  Desplaines  River  and  Drainage  Canal. 

There  is,  of  course,  a  great  deal  of  cutting,  dredging 
and  lock  building  to  be  done  below  Joliet  before  a 
through  channel  of  the  required  depth  and  width  is 
attained,  but  a  comprehensive  plan  for  future  develop- 


112  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

ment  has  been  made.  At  the  election  of  Nov.  3,  1908, 
the  State  of  Illinois  voted  $20,000,000  to  cover  the  cost 
of  the  next  step  in  the  Lakes-to-the-Gulf  Deep  Water- 
way. This  will  be  expended  for  the  construction  of  a 
deep  waterway  or  canal,  beginning  at  the  present  ter- 
minus of  the  Chicago  Drainage  Canal,  extending  61.5 
miles  to  a  point  in  the  Illinois  River  at  or  near  Utica. 
As  there  is  a  fall  of  107  feet  in  this  section  several  locks 
will  be  necessary  and  a  great  water  power  plant  will  be 
built  to  generate  electricity  for  long  distance  transmis- 
sion. In  a  period  of  years  the  state  will  receive  enough 
compensation  for  light  and  power  to  repay  the  $20,- 
000,000  and  bring  in  a  satisfactory  income.  In  general 
the  course  of  the  Desplaines  and  Illinois  Rivers  will 
be  utilized.  With  this  start  the  Federal  Government 
and  the  states  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  may  be  de- 
pended upon  to  carry  the  Deep  Waterway  project 
through  to  the  Gulf. 

Actual  work  on  the  -Drainage  Canal  was  inaugurated 
with  formal  ceremonies  on  September  3,  1892.  It  was 
more  than  seven  years  later  before  water  was  first  turned 
into  the  channel  and  since  that  time  necessary  works 
such  as  movable  bridges,  with  proper  approaches,  etc., 
have  been  completed.  At  Lockport  a  turning  basin 
has  been  constructed  of  such  size  that  the  largest  boats 
will  be  able  to  turn  there.  Here  also  are  great  con- 
trolling works  with  seven  metal  sluice  gates  and  a 
unique  engineering  feature  in  the  way  of  a  beartrap 
dam  having  an  opening  160  feet  wide  and  a  vertical 
oscillation  of  17  feet.  By  means  of  these  controlling 
works  the  flow  of  water  through  the  canal  can  be 
exactly  gauged. 

Between  Lockport  and  Joliet  is  one  of  the  great 
water  power  plants  of  the  world,  built  and  owned  by 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  113 

the  Sanitary  District  of  Chicago  and  destined  to  pro- 
duce  a  large  revenue.  This  plant  has  cost  $4,000,000. 
It  is  of  concrete  construction  throughout  and  at  full 
capacity  will  develop  32,000  horse  power  for  electrical 
transmission  to  Chicago  and  other  points.  A  large 
proportion  of  the  electric  current  thus  developed  will 
be  used  for  power  during  the  day  and  for  lighting  at 
night. 

During  the  summer  months  a  launch  may  be  char- 
tered at  the  foot  of  Randolph  St.  for  a  trip  through  the 
Drainage  Canal.  This  trip  may  be  easily  made  in.  a 
day,  and  at  very  moderate  cost,  where  a  small  party 
go  together.  Such  a  trip  during  good  weather  will 
be  found  most  delightful  and  interesting. 

Dunning  * 

Reached  by  car  ride  No.  2,  fare  5  cents,  or  by  Mil- 
waukee Ave.  car,  transferring  to  Irving  Park  Blvd.  car 
at  Irving  Park  Blvd.,  or  by  North  Clark  St.,  or  Lincoln 
Ave.  car,  transferring  to  Irving  Park  Blvd.  The  Mil- 
waukee Ave.  route  is  the  shortest.  Visitors  (except 
relatives  of  inmates)  admitted  Tuesdays  only,  10  to  4. 

Dunning  lies  in  the  northwestern  section  of  the  city 
about  12  miles  from  the  Loop.  Here  are  located  the 
County  Institutions  caring  for  the  insane,  paupers  and 
consumptives.  The  grounds  comprise  about  263  acres, 
some  75  of  which  are  beautifully  parked.  The  build- 
ings are  numerous  and  substantial.  There  are  1,900 
insane,  1,250  paupers  and  300  consumptives  cared  for 
on  the  average.  It  costs  about  $1,200  per  day  to  main- 
tain the  institutions  located  here.  There  are  approx- 
imately 340  employes.  Visitors  should  apply  at  the  office 
and  a  guide  will  be  supplied  to  show  them  through. 
No  charge  is  made  for  this  service. 


114  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

First  National  Bank  Building. 

Dearborn  and  Monroe  Sts.  This  building  is  of  interest 
as  an  excellent  example  of  modern  office  building  con- 
struction. It  is  18  stories  in  height,  covers  a  large 
area,  and  is  steel  skeletoned  and  faced  with  cut  stone. 
Its  interior  finish  is  of  marble  and  mahogany  through- 
out. The  structure  is  231  by  191  ft.  by  268  feet  in 
height,  having  cubical  contents  of  10,864,937  cubic  feet. 
It  contains  more  than  one  and  one-half  miles  of  cor- 
ridors upon  which  open  about  1,000  doors.  During 
business  hours  it  is  estimated  the  building  contains  be- 
tween 5,000  and  6,000  people.  It  is  one  of  the  largest 
office  buildings  in  the  world. 

Federal  Building 

This  structure  occupies  a  full  city  square  bounded 
by  Clark,  Adams  and  Dearborn  Sts.  and  Jackson  Blvd. 
It  was  commenced  in  1897,  completed  in  1905;  cost 
$4,757,000.  The  building  is  311  by  386  feet  containing 
150,000  square  feet  in  its  basement  floor.  The  main 
building  is  eight  stories  high  and  the  dome  section  con- 
tains eight  more,  making  16  in  all;  the  total  height  is 
297  feet,  depth  of  foundation  76  feet.  The  approxi- 
mate weight  of  the  structure  is  150,000  tons;  its  cubical 
contents  12,000,000  cubic  feet.  The  design  is  Roman 
Corinthian.  The  structure  is  fireproof,  of  steel  con- 
struction with  foundations  supported  by  wooden  piles, 
Cement  and  railroad  iron.  The  exterior  walls  are  made 
of  gray  granite  backed  with  brick,  the  roof  area  is 
covered  with  vitrified  tile,  and  the  dome  is  sheathed 
with  glass  tile.  The  interior  finish  is  that  of  a  first  class 
modern  office  building,  the  treatment  of  the  first  floor 
corridor,  rotunda,  stair  cases  and  the  court  rooms  being 
quite  elaborate.  The  materials  used  in  the  interior 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  115 

finish  are  oak  and  mahogany,  native  and  foreign 
marbles,  scagliola  and  bronzed  iron.  Though  closely 
hedged  in  on  three  sides  by  great  skyscrapers,  making 
it  difficult  to  get  the  full  effect,  the  Federal  Building  is 
without  doubt  one  of  the  most  pleasing  and  imposing 
public  buildings  in  this  country.  There  are  more  than 
500  rooms  in  the  building  in  which  are  housed  nearly 
all  departments  of  the  national  government.  The 
Post  Office  uses  the  basement,  main  floor  and  a  large 
amount  of  space  on  floors  above.  It  employs  5,828 
people,  divided  as  follows:  3,618  clerks  and  general 
employes;  90  substitute  clerks;  221  special  delivery 
messengers;  1,780  carriers  and  340  substitute  carriers. 
In  1908  postal  receipts  were  $15,021,005.31,  an  increase 
of  2T90  %  over  the  previous  year. 

Entering  from  either  Clark,  Dearborn  or  Adams  St. 
the  visitor  passes  through  a  spacious  corridor  into  a 
great  rotunda  under  the  main  dome.  (Distance  from 
floor  to  top  of  dome  139  feet.)  In  the  landings  of  the 
main  stair  cases  are  worked  in  bronze,  the  United  States 
coat  of  arms.  There  are  sixteen  scagliola  columns  at 
each  floor  around  the  rotunda,  forty-eight  in  all.  On 
the  14th  floor  is  the  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau,  the  largest 
station  outside  of  Washington.  Sightseers  not  admitted. 
On  the  floor  below  is  the  U.  S.  Civil  Service  Commission- 
On  floors  6  and  7  are  the  U.  S.  Court  Rooms.  It  was 
in  Court  Room  603  that  Judge  Landis  fined  the  Stand- 
ard Oil  Corporation  $29,000,000. 

At  the  left,  and  down  a  few  steps,  entering  from 
Clark  St.,  are  the  offices  of  the  subtreasury  with  the 
treasure  vaults  at  a  still  lower  level.  Ttie  vaults  may 
be  inspected  only  on  an  order  from  the  aisstant'  treas- 
urer. There  is  ordinarily  nearly  $200,000,000  on 
deposit  here. 


116  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

During  the  year  October  31,  1907,  to  November  1, 
1908,  a  total  of  $849,403,271.61  passed  through  the 
subtreasury,  $428,354,885.93  being  receipts  and  $421,- 
048,385.68  disbursements.  In  1908  $55,316,000  of 
mutilated  bills  were  shipped  to  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment at  Washington,  this  being  in  addition  to  the 
amount  shipped  direct  by  the  National  Banks  of  the 
city. 

Other  Government  offices  in  the  Federal  Building 
include  the  Bureau  of  Labor,  Room  851;  Bureau  of  the 
Census,  Room  851;  Custom  House,  south  wing,  fourth 
floor;  Hydrographic  Office,  Room  528;  Immigration 
Bureau,  Rooms  855  to  857;  Inspector  of  Steam  Vessels, 
Room  529;  Internal  Revenue  Department,  east  wing, 
fourth  floor;  Life  Saving  Service,  Room  500;  Light- 
house Department,  Room  703;  Naval  Office,  Room 
451;  Pension  Agency,  Room  403;  U".  S.  District  Attor- 
ney, Rooms  825-833;  U.  S.  Engineer,  Room  508;  and 
U.  S.  Marshal,"  Rooms  804-806. 

The  Appraiser's  Office  (Bonded  Warehouse)  is  at 
Harrison  and  Sherman  Sts.;  U.  S.  Deputy  Collector's 
at  Barge  Office,  2  River  St.,  and  Marine  Hospital,  Clar- 
endon and  Graceland  Aves 

Department  of  the  Lakes,  United  States  Army 

For  convenience  in  administering  army  matters  and 
distributing  troops  where  they  are  most  needed  the 
United  States  War  Department  divides  the  United 
States  and  its  dependencies  into  eight  Departments  and 
the  Division  of  the  Phillipines. 

The  Department  of  the  Lakes  is  an  important  sub- 
division embracing,  as  it  does,  all  of  the  states  of  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Wisconsin,  Michigan.,  Ohio  and  Kentucky. 
Headquarters  of  this  department  are  in  Chicago  with 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  117 

offices  on  the  fifth  floor  of  the  Federal  Building,  Adams 
and  Dearborn  Sts.  Major  General  Frederick  D.  Grant, 
son  of  the  great  Civil  War  general,  is  now  in  command 
at  Chicago. 

The  following  army  posts  are  in  the  Department  of 
the  Lakes  and,  therefore,  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
headquarters  staff  in  the  Federal  Building;  Fort  Ben- 
jamin Harrison,  near  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  Fort  Brady, 
near  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.;  Fort  Sheridan,  26  milea 
north  of  Chicago;  Fort  Thomas,  near  Newport,  Ky. 
and  Fort  Wayne,  near  Detroit,  Mich.  There  is  also  a 
small  detachment  of  troops  at  Canton,  Ohio.  The 
total  number  of  officers  and  men  ordinarily  serving  in 
this  department  is  3,725.  At  Fort  Sheridan,  to  the 
north  of  Chicago,  is  a  military  reservation  of  632.5  acres 
with  1,400  officers  and  men  on  duty. 

The  largest  part  of  the  supplies  needed  for  the  De- 
partment of  the  Lakes  are  bought  in  Chicago  and,  of 
course,  meats  and  some  other  food  stuffs,  are  purchased 
in  large  part  here  for  the  whole  army. 

United  States  Weather  Bureau  Station 

On' the  14th  floor  of  the  Federal  Bldg.,  Dearborn 
and  Clark  Sts.,  is  the  largest  signal  service  station' 
outside  of  Washington.  It  is  fully  equipped  with 
every  up-to-date  device  known  to  science  for  the  fore- 
casting of  the  weather.  This  station  is  of  much  impor- 
tance to  the  shipping  interests  of  the  Great  Lakes  and 
there  is  no  question  that  it  has  been  the  means  of 
saving  hundreds  of  lives  and  millions  of  dollars'  worth 
of  property.  For  many  years  the  station  was  in  the 
Auditorium  Tower. 


118  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

United  States  Life  Saving  Stations 

There  are  three  life  saving  stations  in  Chicago,  one 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  River,  near  the  foct  of 
Randolph  St.,  in  the  heart  of*  the  city,  a  second  about 
seven  miles  south  in  Jackson  Park,  and  the  third  near 
the  extreme  southern  end  of  the  city  at  Ninetieth  St. 
To  the  north,  in  Evanston,  on  the  campus  of  North- 
western University  and  just  outside  the  city  limits,  is  a 
fourth  station  which  is  unique  in  that  the  crew,  aside 
from  the  captain,  is  composed  entirely  of  university 
students. 

All  these  stations  have  recently  been  provided  with 
motor  life  saving  boats  in  addition  to  the  usual  equip- 
ment of  ordinary  surf  boats.  These  stations  are  so 
many  links  in  the  great  chain  which  Uncle  Sam  has 
gradually  stretched  not  only  from  ocean  to  ocean,  but 
also  the  whole  length  of  the  Great  Lakes. 

Contrary  to  the  condition  of  things  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  the  busiest  time  here  for  the  life  savers  is  during 
the  summer  when  the  lake  teems  with  boats  both  great 
and  small.  Officially  navigation  on  the  Great  Lakes 
is  closed  from  midnight  of  November  30  to  midnight  of 
March  31.  During  this  time  the  life  saving  stations 
on  the  lakes  are  inhabited  only  by  a  caretaker  and 
boats  that  brave  the  wintry  seas  do  so  at  their  own  risk. 

The  crews  go  through  an  interesting  drill  every  morn- 
ing, except  Saturday  and  Sunday.  The  exact  hour 
varies  according  to  circumstances. 

Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 

Jackson  Park,  opposite  east  end  of  Fifty-seventh  St. 
Car  ride  No.  5,  transferring  to  east  bound  Sixty-first  St. 
car  to  end  of  line  then  east  to  the  park  and  north  three 
blocks;  or  Cottage  Grove  and  Fifty-fifth  St.  car  to  the 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  119 

end  of  line,  or  Illinois  Central  Railway  suburban  train 
to  South  Park  Station.  Admission  free  Saturdays  and 
Sundays,  other  days  25  cents,  except  to  students  and 
teachers,  who  are  admitted  free  at  all  times.  Cata- 
logue, 25  cents. 

This  museum,  which  was  established  in  1894,  soon 
after  the  close  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition, 
occupies  what  was  one  of  the  largest  and  most  beautiful 
buildings  in  the  whole  exposition  group,  the  Fine  Arts, 
covering  nine  acres. 

The  building  is  Classic  Greek  in  style,  constructed  of 
brick  and  steel  covered  with  ornamental  stucco  in 
imitation  of  marble.  This  covering  has  become  badly 
marred  by  the  processes  of  time,  but  has  not  been  re- 
placed with  more  lasting  material  owing  to  the  plans 
for  a  magnificent  marble  palace  costing  $4,000,000,  to 
be  erected  downtown,  in  Grant  Park  facing  Michigan 
Ave.,'if  pending  litigation  regarding  a  site  is  successful, 
as  seems  probable. 

The  founding  of  a  great  scientific  institution  of  this 
character  in  Chicago  was  made  possible  by  the  gener- 
csity  of  a  public  spirited  Chicago  merchant,  Marshall 
Field  (whose  name  the  institution  perpetuates)  who 
gave  first  $1,000,000  and  later  $430,000  for  this  pur- 
pose. His  action  stimulated  others  who  have  given  a 
total  of  about  $500,000  and  from  other  sources  than 
endowment  the  museum  has  an  income  of  $25,000. 
Marshall  Field,  at  his  death  in  January,  1906,  left  the 
institution  a  further  $8,000,000  one-half  for  endowment 
and  the  other  for  a  magnificent  permanent  building 
worthy  of  the  unrivaled  scientific  collections  which  it 
eventually  will  contain.  When  the  new  building  shall 
have  been  erected  a  city  tax  levy,  which  will  produce 
an  additional  income  of  $100,000,  has  been  agreed  up@n. 


120  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

The  nucleus  of  the  material  now  on  view  was  gathered 
by  gift  and  purchase  from  exhibitors  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition.  Much  of  this  material  has 
since  been  rearranged  or  discarded  owing  to  changes 
in  the  organization  whereby  certain  departments  were 
abandoned. 

According  to  present  plans  the  museum  is  now 
divided  into  four  distinct  departments,  namely,  An- 
thropology, Botany,  Geology  and  Zoology.  Many 
expeditions  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  study,  ex- 
hibition, and  exchange  material  and  data  for  the  dif- 
ferent departments  have  been  sent  to  all  parts  of  the 
world.  The  results  of  these  expeditions  are  published 
from  time  to  time  and  distributed  to  like  institutions 
at  home  and  abroad. 

Two  courses  of  free  lectures  are  given  by  the  Museum 
each  year.  It  has  a  working  library  of  52,000  titles, 
fully  equipped  departmental  laboratories,  an  herbarium 
of  275,000  sheets,  study  collections  in  all  departments 
reaching  many  thousand  specimens  (in  addition  to  the 
mounted  specimens  shown  the  general  public),  a  large 
two  story  taxidermy  section,  printing  shop  and  many 
other  rooms  devoted  to  preparation  of  material. 

In  North  American  ethnology,  in  the  world's  miner- 
alogy, and  in  economic  botany  the  Museum  is  par- 
ticularly prominent,  while  its  series  of  mounted  mam- 
mals furnish  examples  of  the  most  advanced  museum 
methods.  At  the  beginning  of  1908  the  Museum  con- 
tained the  immense  total  of  570,000  separate  entries, 
many  of  these  however  accessible  only  to  special 
students.  Most  of  these  entries  represent  a  group  of 
similar  objects  so  that  the  total  of  separate  articles 
would  mount  into  the  millions. 

The  Museum,  though  devoted  to  science,  makes  every 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  121 

effort  to  have  a  variety  of  exhibits  in  each  department 
which  will  interest  and  be  understood  by  the  average 
visitor  to  the  institution.  To  scientists  and  special 
students,  therefore,  the  Museum  is  an  inexhaustible 
mine  but  any  visitor  to  Chicago  may  spend  at  least  a 
day  here  with  pleasure. 

First  State  Fawners'  Society 

Dearborn  and  Washington  Sts.  This  unique  insti- 
tution was  inaugurated  by  the  Chicago  Merchants'  Club 
to  relieve  the  poor  or  financially  embarrassed  from 
ruinous  usury  charged  by  Chicago  pawnbrokers  prior 
to  its  establishment.  It  is  a  stock  company  operating 
'under  state  law,  the  Governor  appointing  one  member 
of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  the  Mayor  of  Chicago  one. 
Needy  persons  may  borrow  on  jewelry  or  other  ade- 
quate chattel  security,  sums  from  $1.00  up  at  1  per 
cent  per  month,  which  includes  insurance  of  the  col- 
lateral, and  more  than  35  per  cent  of  the  loans  are  for 
sums  of  less  than  $5.00.  During  the  last  fiscal  year 
$800,000  was  loaned  to  37,000  borrowers,  an  average  of 
a  little  more  than  $20  each.  The  loans  of  the  society, 
since  its  inception  nine  years  ago,  have  been  $4,850,000 
with  a  saving  to  borrowers  over  a  low  average  of 
pawnbrokers'  rates  of  about  $1,000,000. 

Fisher  and  Old  Colony  Buildings 

These  two  towering  structures  at  Van  Buren  and 
Dearborn  Sts.  form  an  impressive  group  especially 
when  combined  in  the  view  with  the  Monadnock  Block 
directly  across  Dearborn  Street  from  them. 

The  Old  Colony  is  17  stories  high  and  the  Fisher  20. 
The  Fisher  and  Commercial  National  Bank  Buildings 
are  the  only  ones  in  Chicago  furnished  with  plunger 


122  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

elevators.  The  Fisher  Building  has  one  more  floor 
used  for  actual  office  purposes  than  any  other  building 
now  (January,  1909,)  standing  in  Chicagp.  Many  of 
the  large  coal  companies  have  their  offices  in  these  two 
buildings  both  of  which  are  handsome  structures. 

•  {iff/  yiod  vfib 
Fort  Dearborn  Massacre  Monument 

Reached  by  south  bound  Indiana  or  Cottage  Grove 
Ave.  car  to  Eighteenth  St.,  thence  east  a  few  blocks  to 
the  lake.  At  the  east  end  of  Eighteenth  St.,  overlooking 
Lake  Michigan,  stands  a  handsome  monument,  repre- 
senting an  Indian  attack  on  a  small  band  of  whites, 
erected  in  memory  of  the  massacre  of  the  soldiers  from 
Fort  Dearborn  (described  elsewhere)  which  occurred 
at  this  spot  about  10:30  a.  m.,  August  15,  1812.  The 
monument  adjoins  the  residence  of  the  late  George  M. 
Pullman  of  Pullman  Palace  Car  fame. 

General  Hull  had  previously  ordered  the  abandon- 
ment of  the  fort,  and  the  garrison,  together  with  over 
a  score  of  women  and  children,  93  persons  in  all, 
inarched  out  at  9  a.  m.  of  the  fateful  day,  taking  a 
southerly  course  along  the  lake  front.  When  a  point 
now  marked  by  the  monument  was  reached  by  the  little 
party  comprising  the  whole  population  of  the  settle- 
ment, probably  about  10:  30  a.  m.,  the  Indians  made  a 
fierce  attack,  and  the  larger  part  of  the  soldiers,  to- 
gether with  some  women  and  children,  were  killed. 
When  the  fighting  was  over  only  36  persons  remained 
alive,  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  savages,  while  seven 
had  escaped  through  the  aid  of  friendly  Indians.  The 
bodies  of  those  killed  lie  buried  somewhere  within  the 
present  limits  of  Grant  Park,  but  no  one  knows  the 
exact  spot  of  their  interment. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  123 

Fort  Dearborn  Tablet 

The  first  military  post  on  the  present  site  of  Chicago 
was  constructed  in  1803  at  the  order  of  the  Secretary 
of  War  of  that  time,  Gen.  t)earborn,  after  whom  the 
post  was  named.  It  consisted  of  a  rude  stockade,  on 
the  bank  of  the  river  near  its  mouth,  surrounding  two 
block  houses,  a  brick  powder  house,  officers'  quarters, 
and  perhaps  a  few  minor  buildings. 

The  site  is  now  marked  with  a  tablet  on  the  north 
front  of  the  W.  M.  Hoyt  building  at  the  intersection  of 
River  St.  and  Michigan  Ave.  just  opposite  Rush  St. 
bridge.  This  tablet  was  unveiled  May  21,  1881,  by 
Gurdon  S.  Hubbard,  a  survivor  of  the  period  soon  after 
the  massacre,  and  the  principal  address  at  this  ceremony 
was  made  by  ("Long")  John  Wentworth. 

The  fort  was  evacuated  a  few  hours  before  the  mas- 
sacre of  August  15,  1812,  and  was  entirely  destroyed 
by  the  Indians  next  day.  It  was  not  rebuilt  until  four 
years  later,  when  the  war  with  Great  Britain  had  been 
ended,  at  which  time  another  fort  was  erected  on  the 
same  spot. 

From  1816  till  May  10,  1837,  the  fort  continued  in  use 
as  an  army  post,  at  which  latter  date  it  was  abandoned, 
but  remained  standing  until  1857,  when  it  gave  way 
to  the  march  of  progress.  In  the  intervening  period 
a  public  school  was  conducted  on  the  premises  which 
was  attended  by  many  Chicagoans  now  living. 

One  of  the  buildings  from  the  fort  was  removed  to 
Thirty-third  and  State  Sfs.  where  it  remained  until 
many  years  later.  Some  of  the  original  logs  from  the 
fort  may  be  seen  at  the  Chicago  Historical  Society 
Building,  Dearborn  Ave.  and  Ontario  St. 

The  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  building  of  the 


124  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

first  Fort  Dearborn  was  celebrated  with  elaborate  cere- 
monies in  1903. 

Garfield  Park 

Reached  by  Street  car  ride  No.  3,  fare  5  cents  (Madi- 
son St.  car  going  west),  or  by  Lake  St.  Elevated  to 
Homan  or  Hamlin  Ave.  stations  (former  route  pref- 
erable). Going  by  surface  car,  alight  where  band 
stand  is  seen  to  the  south.  Garfield  Park  lies  on  the 
West  Side  of  the  city  and  comprises  188  acres.  It 
ranks  among  the  finest  of  the  city  parks,  and  with  the 
broad  boulevards  connecting  it  with  Douglas  and  Hum- 
boldt  Parks  forms  a  part  of  the  magnificent  chain  of 
parks  and  boulevards  which  almost  completely  sur- 
round the  city.  There  is  a  statue,  in  bronze,  by  W. 
Grant  Stephenson,  of  Robert  Burns,  the  great  Scotch 
poet,  and  a  group  set  on  a  massive  sandstone  pedestal 
representing  America.  To  the  north  of  Madison  St. 
is  a  large  lagoon  with  boats  for  hire,  15  cents  to  25  cents 
per  hour;  a4so  one  of  the  largest  conservatories  in  the 
country  with  Palm,  Aquatic  and  Conifer  houses,  the 
latter  being  devoted  to  cons  bearing  trees.  Also  there 
is  an  "Economic  House"  where  are  raised  plants  of 
commerce.  To  the  south  of  Madison  St.  is  the  band 
stand  and  the  Formal  Gardens  where  are  raised  thou- 
sands of  plants  with  which  to  beautify  the  park.  Here, 
as  in  the  other  large  Chicago  parks,  a  feature  during 
the  summer  are  emblems,  designs  and  the  name  of  the 
park  worked  in  great  letters  formed  by  growing  plants. 
Back  of  the  band  stand  is  the  golf  course.  The  park 
also  contains  tennis  grounds  and  bowling-on-the-green 
links,  while  in  winter  provision  is  made  for  skating, 
tobogganing  and  coasting. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  125 

Ghetto  Market 

Twelfth  St.  car,  to  Jefferson  St.  Fare  5  cents. 
Closed  Saturday. 

The  Ghetto  Market  is  in  a  class  by  itself.  It  is  one 
of  the  interesting  sights  of  Chicago  and  will  be  enjoyed 
by  the  average  visitor  looking  for  the  unusual,  though 
it  is  squalid  and  dirty  to  a  degree.  The  market  proper 
lies  in  Jefferson  St.,  between  Twelfth  and  Fourteenth 
Sts.,  in  the  section  given  over  largely  to  Russian  Jews 
with  a  sprinkling  of  Jews  from  Poland.  No  description 
of  the  market  is  adequate.  It  must  be  seen  to  be 
appreciated.  Saturday  here  is  observed  as  Sunday 
and  everything  is  closed  tight  on  the  Jewish  Sabbath. 
All  meat,  fowl  included,  is  Kosher  killed  according  to 
strict  Jewish  tenets. 

Goose  Island 

Reached  by  North  Clark  St.,  Lincoln  Ave.,  Riverview 
or  Sedgwick  St.  cars,  transferring  west  on  Division  St. 
cars.  Fare  5  cents.  Goose  Island  is  a  strip  of  land 
about  one-fourth  mile  wide  at  its  broadest  point  by  one 
mile  north  and  south,  its  center  being  at  Division  St. 
It  is  formed  by  a  dividing  of  the  North  Branch  of  the 
river  which  flows  around  Goose  Island  on  the  east  and 
west.  The  island  is  mainly  of  interest  for  the  reason 
that  it  is  literally  a  jumble  of  industrial  plants,  railroad 
tracks  and  cluttered  buildings,  and-is  so  dirty  and  un- 
kcmpt  as  to  be  almost  picturesque.  The  streets  are 
laid  out  regularly  enough,  but  with  the  railroad  tracks, 
coal  yards  and  river  docks,  they  have  assumed  a  sort 
of  go-as-you-please  air  and,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  there 
are  to  all  intents  and  purposes  no  streets  at  all  in  this 
unusual  place.  To  enjoy  the  oddities  of  the  island 
one  should  go  without  any  plan  at  all,  prepared  to 


126  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

wander  about  rather  aimlessly.  In  this  manner  an  ex- 
cursion to  this  unique  place  would  be  enjoyed  by  lovers 
of  the  picturesque.  There  are  some  huge  grain  eleva- 
tors and  manufacturing  plants  between  Division  St.  and 
North  Ave.  and  a  walk  from  one  street  to  the  other 
will  give  one  a  good  idea  of  the  whole  region. 

Graceland  Cemetery 

Reached  by  car  ride  No.  1  or  by  Northwestern  Ele- 
vated to  Buena  station.  Fare  5  cents.  Graceland 
contains*  125  acres  and  is  distinctively  a  beauty  spot. 
Its  graves  are  for  the  most  part  unostentatiously 
marked  but  there  is  a  profusion  of  flowers,  trees  and 
shrubbery. 

This  cemetery  frequently  is  visited  by  landscape 
artists  and  cemetery  officials  from  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, and  even  from  Europe,  for  the  purpose  of  studying 
its  scheme  of  landscape  gardening,  tree  planting  and 
grading.  Few  cemeteries,  if  any,  in  the  United  States 
equal  Graceland  in  the  beauty  of  its  walks  and  drives 
and  wooded  elevations.  Much  labor,  entailing  a  vast 
expenditure  of  money,  has  resulted  in  the  transforma- 
tion of  a  waste  spot  into  a  combined  cemetery  and  park 
of  exceptional  attractiveness.  Many  notable  men  of 
Chicago  are  buried  here,  among  them  being  Marshall 
Field,  Potter  Palmer,  P.  D.  Armour  and  George  M. 
Pullman. 

Great  Northern  Building 

Corner  Jackson  Boulevard  and  Dearborn  St.  This 
building,  on  a  smaller  scale,  reproduces  conditions  at 
the  Auditorium  as  within  the  16  story  building  are  con- 
tained the  Great  Northern  Hotel,  the  Great  Northern 
Theater,  and  the  Great  Northern  Office  Building. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  127 

Occupying  the  whole  of  the  ninth  floor  of  the  latter  is  the 
Chicago  Association  of  Commerce  whose  most  important 
committee  meetings  are  held  around  the  lunch  table  in 
one  of  the  dining  rooms  at  the  Great  Northern  Hotel. 

The  building  was  erected  in  1892  with  an  extension 
at  a  later  date.  It  is  fireproof  throughout. 

The  Grotto 

Reached  by  Rock  Island  train  to  Ninety-fifth  St.  and 
walk  about  three  blocks  west,  or  to  Longwood  and 
short  walk  east.  The  Grotto  is  located  at  Ninety-fifth 
and  Throop  station  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  city,, 
and  is  an  exact  replica  of  the  famous  Grotto  of  Lourdes 
which  has  for  centuries  been  a  sacred  shrine  of  worship 
for  the  French  and  for  which  thousands  of  miraculous 
cures  are  claimed. 

The  Harrison  Street  Police  Station 

Cor.  Harrison  and  La  Salle  Sts.  This  station  is  in- 
timately connected  with  the  criminal  history  of  the  city. 
The  present  unsightly  red  brick  structure  was  erected 
shortly  after  the  great  fire  of  1871,  and  in  its  cell  rooms 
have  been  temporarily  confined  some  of  the  most 
desperate  criminals  the  country  has  known.  It  was  for 
years  in  the  center  of  what  was  the  worst  section  of 
the  city,  including  Custom  House  Place,  Clark  St.  and 
the  entire  levee  district,  where  every  form  of  vice  and 
crime  flourished,  until  a  few  years  ago.  Many  are  the 
gruesome  tales  which  might  be  unraveled  from  the 
records  of  this  old  station;  stories  of  crime,  misery,  wild 
debauchery,  sodden  wretchedness  and  despair.  The 
station  has  always,  until  late  years,  been  prominent,, 
as  it  was  the  pioneer  police  station  of  the  South  Side. 
It  has  held  practically  every  noted  criminal  captured 


128  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

in  the  city.  But  the  notoriety  of  Harrison  St.  has 
passed,  and  it  now  lies  in  one  of  th5  more  orderly  sec- 
tions of  the  downtown  district. 

Haymarket  Square 

West  Side.  Madison  St.  car  to  Jefferson  St.,  and 
walk  two  blocks  north.  This  place  was  made  famous 
by  the  Haymarket  Riots  of  May  4,  1886,  in  which 
several  policemen  were  killed  by  dynamite  bombs, 
thrown  by  anarchists,  which  exploded  near  the  center 
of  the  "Square,"  which  is  not  really  a  square  but  merely 
a  widening  of  Randolph  St.  A  monument  commem- 
orating the  dead  police  officers,  now  situated  in  Union 
Park,  Randolph  St.  and  Ogden  Ave.,  formerly  stood 
at  the  entrance  to  the  square.  It  is  here  the  truck 
gardeners  bring  in  and  dispose  of  their  garden  stuff,  the 
scene  during  the  early  morning  hours  being  animated 
in  the  extreme. 

Home  Insurance  Building 

A  Chicago  architect  led  the  world  in  designing  build- 
ings of  skeleton  steel  construction.  The  Home  Insur- 
ance building,  located  at  the  northeast  corner  of  La 
Salle  and  Adams  Sts.  was  the  first  example  of  what  has 
come  to  be  known  the  world  over  as  ''Chicago  construc- 
tion." No  longer  a  skyscraper  in  the  modern  acceptance 
of  the  term,  this  structure  still  is  of  sufficient  altitude 
to  attract  attention.  It  possesses  unusual  interest  to 
the  sightseer  in  that  it  is  a  monument  to  the  genius  of 
the  late  W.  L.  B.  Jenney  in  whose  brain  modern  steel 
construction  was  first  conceived. 

Not  only  was  the  building  designed  by  Mr.  Jenney, 
but  the  entire  work  of  erecting  this  pioneer  in  skeleton 
cage  construction  was  under  his  immediate  supervision. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  129 

The  framework  of  the  building  up  to  the  sixth  story 
is  all  of  cast  iron  columns  and  rolled  iron  beams  and 
above  the  sixth  story  it  is  of  steel.  The  first  steel  beams 
rolled  in  America  by  the  Carnegie  Steel  Co.  were  used 
in  erecting  the  upper  stories.  Prior  to  this  time  steel 
beams  were  not  made  in  this  country.  Construction 
began  May  1,  1884,  and  the  building  was  completed  in 
the  fall  of  1885.  In  1890  the  cornice  and  roof  were 
removed  and  two  additional  stories  added. 

The  erection  of  the  Home  Insurance  building  marked 
the  beginning  of  a  revolution  in  the  building  industry 
of  the  world.  To-day  Mr.  Jenney's  name  is  famed  as 
the  leader  of  this  important  movement  and  the  term 
"Chicago  construction"  everywhere  is  standard  in  its 
application. 

Hull  House 

355  South  Halsted  St.  Any  east  and  west  line  trans- 
ferring to  Halsted  St.  car.  Fare  5  cents. 

Hull  House  is  a  social  settlement,  and  occupies  a 
series  of  commodious  and  attractive  buildings  fronting 
on  Halsted  and  Polk  Sts.,  its  nucleus  being  the  old 
residence  of  Chas.  J.  Hull,  erected  in  the  '50s.  Its  ob- 
jects are  to  provide  a  center  for  the  higher  civic  and 
social  life;  to  institute  and  maintain  educational  and 
philanthropic  enterprises  and  to  investigate  and  im- 
prove conditions  in  Chicago's  industrial  centers.  Hull 
House  is  notable  among  the  score  or  more  of  settle- 
ments doing  splendid  service  in  Chicago,  not  only  for 
the  breadth,  efficiency  and  success  of  its  work,  but 
because  it  was  the  first  of  the  so-called  social  settle- 
ments here.  This  famous  institution  is  doing  a  noble 
work,  its  founder  and  leading  spirit  being  Miss  Jane 
Addams.  There  are  at  present  46  resident  workers  and 


130  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

more  than  100  non-residents  who  serve  as  club  or  class 
leaders. 

Visitors  may  inspect  the  premises  at  reasonable  hours. 
The  evening  will  be  found  most  interesting  for  seeing 
the  varied  activities  of  the  place.  One  of  the  features 
is  an  excellent  restaurant,  the  best  in  the  neighborhood, 
prices  very  moderate,  and  open  to  all.  Here,  too,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library.  Residential 
clubs,  one  for  boys  and  one  for  girls,  are  maintained 
here.  In  the  Hull  House  theater  plays  are  given  from 
time  to  time  by  local  talent  and  with  so  much  ability 
as  to  attract  favorable  comment.  Under  local  direction, 
and  encouragement,  Greek  and  Italian  plays  have  also 
been  given  by  natives  of  those  countries. 

A  day  nursery,  kindergarten,  well  equipped  gymna- 
sium, labor  museum,  art  studio,  book  bindery,  various 
arts  and  crafts  shops  and  a  playground  are  a  few  other 
of  the  many  interesting  and  helpful  features  at  this 
active  settlement. 

International  Amphitheater 

This  great  building,  constructed  only  a  few  years  ago, 
is  at  Exchange  Ave.  and  Halsted  St.,  Union  Stock 
Yards.  Few  structures  in  the  United  States  surpass 
the  Amphitheater  in  size.  Its  total  dimensions  are 
310  by  600  feet,  the  auditorium  portion  of  the  building 
measuring  200  by  310  feet,  within  which  is  an  arena 
105  by  265  feet.  The  seating  capacity  is  10,000.  The 
floor  space  of  the  Amphitheater  totals  243,600  square 
feet.  , 

An  annual  event  of  great  importance  held  in  this 
building  is  the  International  Live  Stock  Exposition  at 
which  are  shown  extensive  exhibits  of  cattle,  horses, 
ehccp  and  hogs  from  every  section  of  the  United  States, 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  131 

Canada  and  several  European  countries.  Other  events 
of  national  and  international  importance  occur  here. 
During  the  last  year  (1908)  the  Live  Stock  Exposition 
and  Horse  Show  were  combined  and  held  in  this  huge 
building  at  the  same  time,  attracting  exhibitors  and 
thousands  of  visitors  from  all  quarters  of  the  country. 
This  arrangement  probably  will  be  continued  in 
future  years.  The  combination  of  these  two  great 
events  increased  the  attendance  very  materially.  At 
the  stock  show  of  last  year  3,500  individual  animals 
were  entered  in  competition  for  prizes  and  about  4,000 
more  competed  for  the  best  showing  in  carload  lots 
making  a  total  of  7,500  animals  exhibited.  The  num- 
ber of  visitors  at  the  stock  show  was  fully  400,000 
Adding  this  number  to  those  who  visited  the  horse  show 
(which  was  opened  in  conjunction  during  the  second 
week)  the  total  number  of  visitors  to  both  events  was 
well  above  the  half  million  mark. 

Jackson  Park 

Reached  by  car  ride  No.  5,  by  South  Side  Elevated 
railroad,  taking  train  marked  Jackson  Park,  to  end  of 
line  at  entrance  to  park,  or  by  Illinois  Central  suburban 
train  to  Sixtieth  St.  station. 

Jackson  Park  is  unsurpassed  anywhere  for  beauty, 
having"the  advantages  of  ample  space,  the  blue  waters 
of  Lake  Michigan  for  a  foreground,  a  natural  growth 
of  trees  and  the  aid  of  the  best  landscape  gardeners'  art 
to  bring  all  into  harmony. 

The  park  is  situated  in  the  southeast  part  of  the  city, 
about  six  miles  from  the  Loop  District,  and  contains 
543  acres.  Those  who  came  to  Chicago  in  1893  will 
always  associate  this  park  with  the  surpassingly  beau- 
tiful group  of  buildings  which  were  a  part  of  the  World's 


132  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Columbian  Exposition.  Of  all  those  buildings,  great 
and  small,  the  only  ones  which  remain  are  the  five  fol- 
lowing: Field  Museum  of  Natural  History,  (see  de- 
scription elsewhere)  near  north  end  of  park  and  con- 
taining among  its  various  collections  many  objects 
Trom  the  exposition  of  1893.  This  was  the  Fine  Arts 
Building  of  the  Columbian  Exposition. 

The  Park  Refectory,  unique  as  containing  a  restau- 
rant which  is  run  by  the  park  commissioners,  is  located 
near  the  lake  front  in  the  central  portion  of  the  park. 
Light  refreshment  at  reasonable  prices  may  be  ob- 
tained. This  was  the  German  Government  Building 
during  the  exposition. 

The  Japanese  Building  during  the  fair  was  always  a 
center  of  interest.  It  was  presented  to  Chicago  at  the 
end  of  the  exposition  and  remains  on  its  old  site  at  the 
north  end  of  the  Wooded  Island,  to  the  picturesque 
appearance  of  which  it  adds  materially.  Near  the 
building  is  a  tiny  garden  in  formal  Japanese  style. 

The  United  States  Life  Saving  Station  is  near  the 
lake  shore  and  faces  one  of  the  park  lagoons.  This 
was  one  of  the  interesting  features  of  the  U.S.  Govern- 
ment exhibit  at  the  Fair  and  ever  since  then  has  been 
maintained  as  one  of  the  regular  life  saving  stations 
on  the  same  basis  as  others  which  at  intervals  of  15  or 
20  miles  extend  around  the  American  shore  of  the  Great 
Lakes.  t 

The  fifth  of  these  buildings,  remaining  as  a  heritage 
from  the  great  World's  Fair,  is  the  convent  of  La  Rabida 
on  the  lake  shore  near  the  south  end  of  the  park.  This 
is  an  exact  reproduction  of  a  very  old  Spanish  convent 
where  Columbus  was  at  one  time  sheltered  and  be- 
friended, in  the  days  before  he  had  been  able  to  secure 
aid  from  the  Spanish  court  for  the  furtherance  of  his 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  133 

plans  for  exploration  which  resulted  in  the  discovery 
of  the  American  continent.  During  the  exposition 
this  building  contained  the  greatest  collection  of  relics 
of  Columbus  ever  brought  together.  Now  it  is  used 
during  the  summer  months  for  the  care  of  sick  babies. 

In  this  connection  should  also  be  mentioned  another 
interesting  reminder  of  Columbus  and  the  Columbian 
Exposition.  This  is  the  reproduction  of  the  three  small 
caravels,  Nina,  Pinta  and  Santa  Maria  which  brought 
Columbus  and  his  expedition  on  the  first  voyage  of  dis- 
covery to  the  New  World.  The  three  boats  will  be 
found  in  the  south  lagoon  not  very  far  from  the  convent. 

The  beautiful  lagoons  of  Jackson  Park,  in  one  of 
which  is  the  Wooded  Island,  are  worthy  of  special 
mention.  At  the  boat  house  may  be  obtained  com- 
fortable row  boats,  15  and  25  cents  per  hour.  Electric 
launches  ply  back  and  forth  at  10  cents  the  round  trip. 
Near  the  south  end  of  the  Wooded  Island  is  the  old 
fashioned  Rose  Garden.  In  June  when  the  roses  are 
in  their  prime  the  garden  is  always  thronged. 

Every  effort  is  made  by  the  Park  Commissioners  to 
make  this  park  not  only  beautiful,  but  thoroughly 
serviceable  to  all  who  enjoy  outdoor  exercise  and  sports. 
There  are  no  "Keep  off  the  Grass"  signs.  Mention  has 
been  made  of  some  features  in  this  connection.  In 
addition  there  is  a  public  gymnasium  and  running 
track,  a  golf  course,  base  ball  ground,  harbor  for  yachts 
and  power  launches  and  scores  of  tennis  courts.  In 
like  manner  winter  sports  are  provided  for  in  their 
season. 

Cahokia  Court  House 

An  interesting  feature  of  the  Wooded  Island  in  Jack- 
son Park  is  the  Cahokia  Court  House,  reputed  the 


134  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

oldest "  public  building  in  the  Mississippi  Valley.  It 
was  built  about  the  year  1716  at  Cahokia,  Illinois,  and 
has  served  in  various  public  capacities  under  three  flags 
— the  French,  British  and  American.  At  different 
periods  it  was  employed  for  both  civil  and  military  pur- 
poses and  is  recognized  as  the  oldest  county  seat  build- 
ing (St.  Clair  County,  Illinois)  in  the  original  North- 
west Territory.  It  was  variously  termed  "fort"  and 
"garrison"  by  early  French,  British  and  American 
authorities  and  early  documents  attest  its  use  as  a 
public  schoolhouse. 

This  ancient  structure  was  first  removed  from 
Cahokia  for  exhibition  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Ex- 
position at  St.  Louis  in  1904,  and  shortly  afterward  was 
brought  to  Chicago  and  placed  in  Jackson  Park,  where 
it  now  forms  one  of  the  chief  attractions  of  the  famed 
Wooded  Island. 

The  building  is  constructed  of  squared  walnut  logs 
set  on  end  in  the  early  French  manner  of  stockade  con- 
struction, the  logs  being  held  together  with  wooden 
pins. 

On  account  of  its  unique  history  and  from  the  fact 
that  it  is  intimately  associated  with  the  civil  beginnings 
of  Illinois  the  first  session  of  the  newly  created  Municipal 
Court  of  Chicago  was  held  in  it  December  6,  1906.  The 
twenty-eight  municipal  court  judges  at  that  session 
received  their  commissions  from  the  State  of  Illinois 
and  the  first  order  of  the  new  court  was  entered  in  the 
old  building. 

The  three  flags  of  France,  Great  Britain  and  the 
United  States  float  from  the  flagstaff  of  the  Cahokia 
Court  House  daily  and  the  quaint  structure  has  become 
the  objective  point  of  historians,  students,  school  chil- 
dren and  park  visitors  generally.  Within  the  building 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  135 

are  a  number  of  photographs  of  original  documents 
which  pertain  to  its  interesting  history. 

Jones  School 

At  the  corner  of  Harrison  St.  and  Plymouth  Court  is 
a  school  building  which  houses  700  pupils  representing 
eighteen  countries,  American  and  colored  pupils  not 
being  included  in  this  number.  The  nationalities  rep- 
resented are  Italian,  Greek,  English,  French,  Irishr 
German,  Russian-Jewish,  Chinese,  Japanese,  Mexican, 
Scotch,  Cuban,  Turkish,  Austrian,  Swedish,  Dutch, 
Belgian  and  Finnish. 

It  is  possible  that  the  Jones  School,  with  its  cosmo- 
politan class  of  pupils,  may  soon  be  superseded  by  a 
Commercial  High  School  in  a  skyscraper  building  on 
this  site,  the  erection  of  which  is  proposed  by  the  Board 
of  Education.  This  building,  if  present  tentative  plans 
are  carried  out,  will  have  seventeen  stories  and  attic 
above  grade  and  three  below  and  will  cost  approxi- 
mately $2,000,000.  The  basement  stories  will  house 
the  school  supply  department  and  above  these,  in  suc- 
cession, there  will  be  a  great  assembly  hall  for  teachers' 
meetings  and  school  exercises,  the  Commercial  High 
School  and  the  offices  of  the  Board  of  Education  with  its 
various  departments. 

Lake  Shore  Drive 

©Clark  St.  or  North  State  St.  car  to  Chicago  Ave.  and 
walk  east  about  one-fourth  mile.     Fare  5  cents. 

The  Lake  Shore  Drive  is  one  of  the  show  places  of  the 
city.  It  is  best  viewed  from  a  carriage  or  automobile 
but  one  may  walk  through  the  best  portion  of  its  length 
between  Chicago  Ave.  and  Lincoln  Park  without  undue 
exertion.  The  drive  skirts  the  Lake  Front,  and  is 


136  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

lined  on  the  left  with  some  of  the  most  beautiful  resi- 
dences in  the  city.  On  the  right  is  a  shaded  bridle 
path  and  beyond  a  gently  sloping  beach,  faced  with 
great  blocks  of  granite,  as  a  protection  from  the  storm 
waves  which  at  times  beat  down  with  terrible  force. 
An  easy  method  of  viewing  the  drive  is  by  one  of  the 
Sight  Seeing  Autos.  (See  description  elsewhere.) 

Lincoln  Park 

Street  car  ride  No.  1,  leaving  the  car  at  Center  St., 
or  Wells  St.,  Evanston  Ave.,  or  Lincoln  Ave.  car.  Lin- 
coln Park,  the  newer  portion  of  which  is  not  yet  com- 
pleted is  452  acres  in  extent  and  pre-eminently  is  one 
of  the  city's  beauty  spots.  Its  landscape  gardening  is 
unsurpassed  and  its  forestry,  artificial  entirely,  almost 
rivals  nature  herself.  One  may  wander  at  will  through 
the  delightful  grounds,  past  lakes,  woods,  and  valleys, 
meeting  new  vistas  of  scenic  beauty  at  every  turn. 

The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences  and  Museum  of 
Natural  History  is  just  inside  the  park,  near  the  Center 
St.  entrance.  (See  description  elsewhere.)  It  will  take 
considerable  time  to  view  all  the  objects  of  interest  in 
the  park  but  the  following  should  not  be  missed:  Con- 
servatory with  900  varieties  of  orchids,  100  varieties  of 
fern  (50  hardy,  remainder  tropical),  about  200  varieties 
of  tropical  plants,  and  splendid  displays  of  roses  and 
chrysanthemums  in  season,  not  to  go  further  with  the 
list.  For  use  in  the  park  there  are  grown  here  annually 
about  one-half  million  flowering  plants.  The  palm  and 
fern  houses  are  especially  to  be  recommended  for  in- 
spection. 

The  zoo  has  about  1,400  specimens  of  beasts,  rep- 
tiles and  birds,  the  latter  in  the 'aviary  containing 
about  500  specimens.  Most  of  the  larger  animals 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  137 

are  fed  the  latter  part  of  the  afternoon,  at  which  time 
they  can  usually  be  seen  to  best  advantage.  On  the 
inner  lagoon  there  are  boats  to  rent  at  25  cents  per 
hour.  At  the  outer  lagoon  are  many  power  boats  and 
near  the  north  end  are  the  headquarters  of  the  Iroquois 
Boat  Club  (rowing),  this  being  a  center  for  rowing 
affairs  of  the  city.  Spanning  the  outer  lagoon  is  the 
High  Bridge  by  which  the  lake  front  may  be  reached, 
and  from  the  top  of  which  a  fine  view  of  lake  and  park 
is  obtained.  Small  steamers  ply  back  back  and  forth 
all  summer  between  the  north  end  of  Lincoln  Park  and 
the  foot  of  Randolph  St.  in  the  Loop  District.  Diversey 
Boulevard  Bathing  Beach  is  at  the  north  end  of  the  old 
section  of  the  park  at  the  foot  of  Diversey  Blvd.  Near 
the  inner  lagoon  boat  landing  is  the  park  restaurant,  and 
there  is  another  cafe  at  the  head  of  the  lagoon  at  the 
south  end.  Ponies  for  children  and  carriages  may  be 
secured  in  the  vicinity.  t 

Within  the  park  is  statuary,  in  bronze,  as  follows: 
Splendid,  heroic  figure  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  by  Augus- 
tus Saint  Gaudens,  mounted  on  pink  granite  pedestal 
placed  in  a  semi-circle  cf  the  same  material.  This 
is  located  near  the  south  edge  of  the  park  at  North 
Ave.  The  statue  is  a  masterpiece  and  is  generally 
considered  the  best  representation  of  the  war  presi- 
dent; statue  of  Robert  Cavelier  de  La  Salle,  by 
Jaques  de  Lalaning;  statue  of  Hans  Christian  Andersen, 
by  Gelert,  mounted  on  polished  gray  granite  pedestal; 
4<The  Signal  of  Peace,"  by  C.  E.  Dallin,  an  equestrian 
statue  of  an  Indian,  his  spear  uplifted;  a  magnificent 
heroic  equestrian  statue  of  General  U.  S.  Grant,  by  L. 
T.  Rebisso,  mounted  on  a  large  granite  structure  com- 
mandingly  located;  the  Ottawa  Indian  group,  repre- 
senting "The  Alarm,"  by  John  Boyle;  this  is  an  espe- 


138  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

cially  fine  group  well  worthy  of  inspection,  containing 
relief  panels  depicting  "The  Council,"  "The  Indian 
Village,"  "Arrival  of  Settlers,"  "The  Dance;"  statue  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  by  R.  H.  Park;  statue  of  Garibaldi* 
by  Victor  Cherardi,  erected  by  the  Italians  of  Chicago; 
statue  of  Linne,  the  great  botanist,  by  C.  J.  Dyeverman, 
mounted  on  large  granite  pedestal  with  four  subsidiary 
figures  representing  botany,  mineralogy,  zoology,  and 
natural  history;  statue  of  Shakespeare  in  half -reclining 
posture;  statue  of  Schiller,  the  great  German  poet,  by 
Pan;  bust  of  Beethoven,  by  I.  Gelert. 

Majestic  Theater  Building 

No.  77  Monroe  St.  This  structure,  erected  in  1906, 
is  20  stories  high  and  having  a  very  narrow  front  is  a 
striking  specimen  of  skyscraper  architecture.  It 
houses  many  offices  and  is  without  doubt  one  of  the 
finest  vaudeville  houses  in  the  world.  The  theater  has 
a  beautiful  marble  entrance  and  the  highly  ornamental 
foyer  is  decorated  with  fine  paintings. 

Marquette  Building 

Corner  of  Adams  and  Dearborn  Sts.  This  is  a  fine 
type  of  modern  fire  proof  construction  in  the  way  of  an 
office  building,  and  with  a  recently  completed  addition 
it  has  a  place  among  the  largest  buildings  of  its  kind. 
It  houses  two  large  banks  and  on  the  ground  floor  are 
several  city  ticket  offices  of  the  larger  railway  systems. 

Worthy  of  special  note  are  the  fine  bronze  bas-reliefs 
over  the  Dearborn  St.  entrance  depicting  scenes  in  the 
life  of  Father  Marquette  after  whom  the  building  is 
named.  Inside  on  the  ground  floor  and  above  the 
elevator  entrances  are  portraits  in  bronze  relief  of 
several  of  the  early  French  explorers  and  traders  and 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  139 

Indian  chiefs  connected  with  the  history  of  this  section 
in  those  days.  Other  scenes  from  that  period  are 
shown  in  a  border  of  fine  mosaic  work  extending  around 
the  front  of  a  gallery  at  the  level  of  the  second  floor. 

Marquette-Joliet  Memorial  Cross 

At  Robey  St.  and  the  confluence  of  the  SouthBranch  of 
Chicago  River  with  the  Drainage  Canal.  Take  Blue  Island 
Ave.  car  to  Robey  St.  and  walk  south  to  the  River. 

The  Marquette-Joliet  Memorial  Cross  is  constructed 
of  solid  mahogany,  fourteen  feet  high,  and  commemo- 
rates the  visit  to  the  site  of  Chicago,  in  1673,  of  Louis 
Joliet  and  Pere  Jacques  Marquette,  S.  J.,  the  first  white 
explorers  of  the  wilderness  west  of  Lake  Michigan. 
These  early  discoverers  were  commissioned  for  this 
expedition  by  officials  of  church  and  state  at  Quebec, 
the  headquarters  of  New  France  (Canada). 

The  mahogany  cross  was  donated  to  the  city  by  Mr. 
C.  L.  Willey,  proprietor  of  a  lumber  yard  now  occupying 
the  place  where  Marquette  spent  the  winter  of  1674-5, 
described  by  him  in  his  journal  as  about  "two  leagues 
in  from  the  lake  on  high  ground."  Local  surveys  and 
research  show  quite  conclusively  that  this  section  of 
Robey  St.  is  the  spot  occupied  by  the  French  priest. 
Further  confirmation  is  found  in  the  fact  that  in  1903 
a  hand  wrought  iron  cross  of  early  French  design,  bear- 
ing fleur-de-lis  decorations  on  its  ends,  was  unearthed 
by  laborers  in  the  Willey  lumber  yard.  Unaware  of  its 
great  historical  value  the  workmen  threw  the  cross  into 
the  river  and  notwithstanding  the  active  efforts  that 
have  been  made  to  recover  it  the  emblem  has  never  been 
found.  This  iron  cross  is  believed  to  have  been 
originally  placed  on  an  early  trader's  house  or  cache 
located  nearby. 


140  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

The  Memorial  Cross  was  erected  in  September,  1907. 
The  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce  co-operated  with 
the  city  and  state  authorities  in  the  dedication  and  a 
bronze  tablet,  bearing  the  following  inscription,  was 
prepared  by  a  special  committee  of  the  Association  and 
Miss  Valentine  Smith,  City  Archivist.  The  inscription 
on  the  tablet  is  as  follows: 

"In  memory  of  Father  Marquette,  S.  J.,  and  Louis 
Joliet  of  New  France  (Canada),  first  white  explorers  of 
the  Mississippi  &  Illinois  Rivers  and  Lake  Michigan, 
1673,  navigating  2,500  miles,  in  canoes,  in  120  days. 
In  crossing  the  site  of  Chicago,  Joliet  recommended  it, 
for  its  natural  advantages,  as  a  place  of  first  settlement 
and  suggested  a  lake  to  the  gulf  waterway  (see  'Jesuit 
Relations,'  Vol.  58,  p.  110),  by  cutting  a  canal  through 
the  'portage'  west  of  here  where  begins  the  Chicago 
Drainage  Ship  Canal.  Work  on  this  canal  was  begun 
Sept.  3,  1892,  and  received  the  first  waters  of  Lake 
Michigan  Jan.  2,  1900.  This  remarkable  prophecy 
made  234  years  ago,  is  now  being  fulfilled.  This  end 
of  Robey  Street  is  the  historic  'high  ground'  where 
Marquette  spent  the  winter  1674-5. 

"To  do  and  suffer  everything  for  so  glorious  an  under- 
taking"— Marquette's  Journal. 

"Erected  Sat.  Sept.  28,  1907,  by  city  of  Chicago  and 
Chicago  Association  of  Commerce." 

This  tablet  is  now  (1908)  on  exhibition  in  the  Museum 
of  the  Department  of  Municipal  History,  200  Randolph 
St.,  and  in  the  spring  of  1909  it  will  be  inserted  in  the 
concrete  base  of  the  cross. 

Masonic  Temple 

State  and  Randolph  Sts.  This  structure,  21  stories 
in  height,  was  for  some  time  the  tallest  building  in  the 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  141 

world.  It  still  outranks  in  height  any  other  building  in 
Chicago,  unless  we  except  the  tower  of  a  mercantile 
concern  on  the  lake  front.  Its  observation  platform 
(admission  25  cents)  is  354  feet  above  street  level.  From 
this  platform  on  a  clear  day  an  extended  view  of  the 
city  may  be  had.  The  temple  was  erected  in  1892  at  a 
cost  of  $3,000,000.  It  contains  about  400  rooms,  in- 
cluding several  lodge  hails. 

Medinah  Temple 

Dearborn  Ave.  and  Walton  PI.  Reached  by  Clark 
or  North  State  St.  car. 

To  the  left  of  the  Newberry  Library  building  is 
the  Medinah  Temple.  This  temple  is  headquarters 
for  masonic  affairs  in  Chicago  and  is  magnificently 
fitted  up,  but  it  may  be  entered  only  by  those  entitled 
to  admission  by  their  membership  in  the  Masonic  order. 

Midway  Plaisance 

Midway  Plaisance  is  a  strip  of  land  containing  80 
acres  which  lies  between  Washington  and  Jackson  parks 
and  is  the  site  of  the  famed  Midway  Plaisance  or  side 
show  section  of  the  World's  Fair.  It  is  simply  a  mag- 
nificent boulevard  600  feet  wide  and  a  mile  long,  con- 
necting the  two  great  South  Side  parks.  On  either  side 
are  broad  driveways  with  sunken  lawns  between.  The 
University  of  Chicago  (see  description  elsewhere) 
occupies  most  of  the  north  side  of  the  Midway  Plaisance 
and  eventually  will  have  many  buildings  on  the  south 
side. 

Monadnock  Block 

Dearborn,  Jackson  Blvd.  to  Van  Buren  St.  This 
giant  structure  was  for  many  years  the  largest  office 


142  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

building  in  the  city  and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world. 
It  is  of  red  pressed  brick  and  extends  a  full  city  square 
in  Dearborn  St.  It  contains  1,150  rooms,  housing  in 
business  hours  about  5,500  people.  The  18  elevators 
carry,  by  actual  count,  on  an  average  business  day,  a 
little  more  than  28,000  persons.  On  the  left  wall,  just 
inside  the  Jackson  Blvd.  entrance,  is  a  metal  case  con- 
taining the  first  brick  made  in  Chicago,  1835. 

Municipal  Lodging  House 

No.  10  North  Union  St.  near  Haymarket  Square. 
Lake  St.  car  to  North  Union  St.  This  institution, 
maintained  by  the  city,  is  most  worthy  in  that  it 
provides  food  and  temporary  shelter  for  worthy, 
stranded  workingmen;  it  also  assists  in  securing  them 
employment.  The  applicant  for  lodging  is  regis- 
tered on  a  card  which  gives  all  essential  details  about 
him  and  his  past,  also  what  lines  of  work  he  is  skilled  in. 
He  is  then  given  a  ticket  and  passes  down  stairs,  where 
he  receives  a  very  plain  but  substantial  meal;  thence  he 
passes  to  the  disrobing  room  where  his  belongings  are 
placed  in  a  netted  sack;  he  next  goes  to  the  shower  bath, 
then  to  the  drying  room,  where  he  receives  a  night  shirt 
and  slippers.  He  is  then  carefully  examined  by  medical 
men  after  which  a  clean,  comfortable  bed  is  provided 
on  the  second  floor.  The  lodging  house  appointments 
are  rough  but  scrupulously  clean  and  the  institution  is 
in  every  way  commendable.  It  may  be  freely  in- 
spected and  will  prove  of  interest.  It  is  supported  by 
the  city  and  is  not  a  charity  but  a  duty  society  owes  its 
unfortunates.  There  are  ample  accommodations  for 
300  to  350  persons  a  night,  though  at  times  it  becomes 
necessary  to  house  more  than  this.  All  work  about  the 
place  is  done  by  the  lodgers  and  the  intelligent  admin- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  143 

istration  of  the  institutions  is  such  that  tramps,  chronic 
loafers  or  "hoboes"  do  not  share  the  accommodations 
with  the  worthy,  but  unfortunate,  for  whom  they  are 
exclusively  intended.  Last  year  108,145  such  persons 
were  served  in  the  lodging  house  proper  and  in  the  out- 
side emergency  lodgings  which  were  opened  during  the 
winter. 

Museum  of  Municipal  History 

The  Museum  of  the  Department  of  Municipal  History 
of  the  City  of  Chicago  is  for  the  time  being  located  in 
Room  207,  Temporary  City  Hall,  200  Randolph  St. 
This  museum  is  open  to  the  public  and  while  at  present 
the  space  is  necessarily  limited,  after  the  completion  of 
the  new  City  Hall  it  will  possess  spacious  quarters. 
There  it  will  be  found  on  the  tenth  floor  and  will  occupy 
space  almost  a  full  half  block  long  on  the  Randolph  St. 
side  of  the  building. 

Among  the  exhibits  in  the  museum  are  a  number  of 
official  documents  of  early  Chicago.  One  of  these  is  a 
call  for  the  first  village  election  in  1833  and  with  this  is 
included  a  report  of  the  returns  of  the  election  at  which 
28  voters  elected  a  Board  of  Trustees  composed  of  five 
members.  This  election  occurred  within  the  lifetime 
of  persons  still  living.  The  present  number  of  voters 
in  Chicago  is  410,398. 

In  the  museum  are  also  shown  sections  of  the  first 
water  mains  of  the  city.  These  are  of  wood  and  were 
used  from  1836  to  1840.  Other  items  include  pam- 
phlets, instruments  of  the  early  fire  department,  photo- 
graphs, miscellaneous  relics,  theater  programs,  half  a 
century  old,  earliest  railroad  time-table  (1858),  etc. 
The  historical  records  preceding  the  great  fire  of  1871 
number  several  thousand  and  their  interesting  contents 


144  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

which  have  never  before  appeared  in  any  historical 
work,  will  soon  be  edited  and  published  by  this  depart- 
ment and  thereby  made  available  to  the  general  reading 
public. 

Wewberry  Library 

Washington  Square,  corner  Clark  St.  and  Walton 
Place.  Reached  by  car  ride  No.  1  or  north  bound 
Clark  or  Wells  St.  car.  Open  daily,  except  Sundays 
and  legal  holidays,  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  The  New- 
berry  Library  Building  fronts  Washington  Square,  a 
email  but  beautiful  park.  It  is  a  handsome  and  im- 
pressive structure  of  Connecticut  granite  in  Spanish 
Romanesque  style,  containing  about  250,000  books, 
pamphlets,  and  maps,  and  costing  $545,429.  Erected 
1891-3.  This  library  is  mainly  devoted  to  history, 
biography  and  genealogy.  Entering,  the  visitor  passes 
through  a  vestibule  of  colored  marble  into  a  spacious 
hall  in  which  are  several  portraits  of  noted  persons. 
Noteworthy  are  the  relief  panels  depicting  La  Salle's 
march  through  Illinois,  1680;  Benedictine  monks 
at  work  on  Manuscripts,  1456,  and  the  Fort  Dearborn 
Massacre,  1812.  Opening  from  this  hall  is  the  check- 
room where  hats,  wraps,  etc.,  are  checked  free  of  charge, 
and  (Room  12)  the  museum  containing  copies  of  very 
ancient  manuscripts  in  Arabic,  Turkish,  Chinese,  Dutch, 
English,  Greek,  French,  German,  Italian,  Hebrew, 
Spanish  and  many  in  Latin  from  the  twelfth  century 
down.  Also  Pali,  written  on  palm  leaves;  Sanskrit  and 
Persian.  There  is  also  a  collection  of  fine  bindings  and 
very  rare  books,  including  illuminated  manuscripts  and 
other  rarities  of  great  interest  to  the  book  lover.  Open- 
ing off  this  room  is  the  private  collection  of  Edward  E. 
Ayer,  containing  one  of  the  most  complete  libraries  on 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  145 

the  American  Indian  extant.  In  the  history  room 
(third  floor)  is  a  very  complete  collection  of  books  bear- 
ing on  historical  matters;  also  a  complete  genealogical 
index  by  means  of  which  any  American  family  may 
trace  the  written  history  of  its  various  branches,  if  such 
there  be.  The  collection  of  foreign  and  American 
magazines  in  another  room  is  very  extensive  and  will 
also  be  of  interest  to  many.  The  whole  library  is  full 
of  interesting  things  and  much  time  may  be  spent  here 
profitably. 

Notre  Dame  de  Chicago 

Oregon  Ave.  and  Sibley  St.  Harrison  St.  car  to 
Sibley  St.  and  walk  one  block  south.  Church  open 
daily. 

This  beautiful  church  has  a  circular  auditorium  with 
altars  of  Carrara  marble.  The  main  altar  has  a  baldachin 
in  copper  and  gilt  supported  by  two  large  marble  pillars. 
The  side  altars,  four  in  number,  and  altar  rail  also  are  of 
marble.  Services  at  11  a.  m.,  Sunday,  in  French;  other 
services  mixed.  Large  and  very  fine  pipe  organ.  A 
feature  of  the  church  are  the  beautiful  stained  glass 
windows  with  life  size  figures. 

Oakwoods  Cemetery 

Greenwood  Ave.  and  Sixty-seventh  St.  Reached  by 
car  ride  No.  5,  or  by  Illinois  Central  suburban  trains. 
Oakwoods  Cemetery  lies  in  the  southern  section  of  the 
city.  It  contains  186  acres,  a  large  portion  of  which  is 
parked.  Near  the  southwest  corner  is  Government 
Square,  in  which  lie  buried  6,000  Confederate  prisoners 
who  died  in  Camp  Douglas  prison  during  the  Civil  War, 
also  twelve  Union  nurses.  None  of  the  names  are 
known.  In  the  center  of  the  square  is  a  monumental 


146  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

statue  with  three  tablets  in  bronze  and  iron  at  the  sides 
which  give  full  details.  There  are  many  monuments 
and  mausoleums  in  this  cemetery  worthy  of  praise,  and 
in  its  central  portion  is  a  large  lagoon. 

Orchestra  Hall 

Michigan  Ave.  between  Jackson  Blvd.  and  Adams  St. 
This  eight  story,  cut  stone  and  red  brick  structure  was 
ejected  in  1904  by  the  people  of  Chicago  as  an  endow- 
ment and  home  for  the  Theodore  Thomas  Orchestra. 
It  was  built  by  popular  subscription,  there  being  some 
8,500  subscriptions,  in  amounts  ranging  from  10  cents  to 
$25,000.  The  ground  and  building  cost  $900,000  and 
the  hall  is  the  permanent  home  of  the  Theodore  Thomas 
Orchestra.  Theodore  Thomas,  the  founder  and  leader 
of  the  orchestra  until  his  death,  conducted  the  dedi- 
catory concert,  December  14,  1904,  and  the  next  two 
regular  pairs  of  concerts  of  the  Orchestra.  He  died 
January  4,  1905.  'Orchestra  Hall  seats  2,577  persons 
and  is  the  principal  concert  and  recital  hall  of  the  city. 
It  is  also  admirably  adapted  and  is  used  for  all  classes 
of  entertainment  not  requiring  scenery. 

The  Thomas  Orchestra,  which  is  without  a  peer  in 
this  country,  is  one  of  the  institutions  in  which  Chicago 
justly,  most  prides  itself. 

It  was  organized  by  Theodore  Thomas  in  1891  and 
conducted  by  him  continuously  until  the  time  of  his 
death  in  1905.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  opening  of 
Orchestra  Hall  in  1904  all  concerts  were'given  in  the 
Auditorium.  The  organization  of  this  orchestra  and 
its  continuance  thereafter  was  only  made  possible 
through  the  initiative  and  continued  co-operation  of  a 
self-constituted  committee  of  guarantors  composed  of 
forty  representative  and  public  spirited  citizens  who 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  147 

for  thirteen  years  made  good  an  annual  deficit  of  from 
$10,000  to  $40,000. 

The  orchestra  consists  of  87  musicians.  From  the 
first  Mr.  Thomas  set  the  highest  standards  for  member- 
ship and  the  majority  of  the  men  have  had  the  addi- 
tional advantage  of  continuous  service  together  under 
a  great  leader. 

While  the  programs  are  varied,  and  frequently  sup- 
plemented by  outside  vocalists  or  instrumentalists  of 
international  reputation,  they  contain  musical  com- 
positions only  of  the  highest  standard  and  character. 
The  orchestral  season  lasts  28  weeks  (longer  than  that 
of  any  other  orchestra)  during  which  two  concerts  are 
given  each  week,  on  Friday  afternoon  at  2:15,  aiiU  at 
8:15  Saturday  evening. 

With  their  own  building  available  (bringing  in  good 
rentals  where  they  formerly  had  to  pay  rent)  the 
orchestra  is  now  on  a  self-sustaining  basis.  So  far  as 
known  no  other  orchestra  enjoys  this  unique  distinction. 
This  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  popular  prices  are  still  con- 
tinued. As  indicating  the  wide  appreciation  of  good 
music  and  approval  of  the  orchestra,  it  may  be  noted  in 
passing  that  the  larger  part  of  the  seats  for  the  Thomas 
Orchestra  concerts  are  sold  in  advance  for  the  whole 
season.  Frederic  Stock  is  the  present  efficient  con- 
ductor. 

Public  Library 

Michigan  Ave.,  Washington  St.  to  Randolph  St. 
Open  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.,  except  circulating  department, 
closes  6:30  p.  m.  Sundays  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  circulation 
department  closed. 

The  Chicago  Public  Library  occupies  an  immense 
massive  structure  of  blue  Bedford  limestone,  Roman 


148  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Classic  in  style;  completed  October,  1897.  The  build- 
ing contains  110,000  square  feet  of  floor  space,  housing 
350,000  volumes  and  63,000  unbound  pamphlets, 
covering  almost  every  subject  treated  since  written 
Janguage  came  into  existence.  There  are  especially 
extensive  collections  of  art  books,  books  in  foreign  lan- 
guages, history,  biography  and  travel,  fine  and  liberal 
arts  and  sciences;  also  a  very  complete  file  of  United 
States  patent  records  dating  back  to  1790,  German 
patent  records  back  to  the  founding  of  the  empire, 
French  from  the  time  of  Napoleon  I,  Canadian  since 
1873,  and  British  since  1617.  There  is  one  branch 
library  (The  Blackstone  Memorial),  13  branch  reading 
rooms  and  70  delivery  stations.  About  1,600,000  books 
are  drawn  annually  from  the  circulation  department. 

The  Public  Library,  though  most  centrally  located, 
would  never  be  patronized  as  it  is,  except  for  this  ad- 
mirable system  of  branch  reading  rooms  and  delivery 
stations  scattered  all  over  the  city.  By  this  system 
any  book  in  the  main  library  may  be  delivered  to  the 
holder  of  a  library  card  at  his  nearest  branch  station  the 
day  after  it  is  called  for. 

Circulation  statistics  would  indicate  that  Chicago 
excels  as  a  center  for  lovers  of  good  literature  in  the 
same  degree  in  which  it  is  pre-eminent  as  an  art  and 
music  center,  for  the  number  of  books  circulated  per 
capita  of  population  is  greater  for  this  library  than  is 
the  case  with  the  famous  public  library  at  Boston. 

Entering  from  Washington  St.  the  visitor  passes  under 
the  massive  elliptical  marble  arch  of  the  main  staircase 
at  the  foot  of  which  is  seen  in  the  floor  a  bronze  replica 
of  the  corporate  seal  of  Chicago.  The  elaborate  decora- 
tions and  designs  in  green  and  gold  are  of  Tiffany  glass 
mosaic.  At  the  head  of  the  stairs  is  the  delivery  room, 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  149 

134  by  48  feet,  finished  in  Italian  statuary  marble  from 
the  famous  mines  of  Carrara,  inlaid  with  glass  mosaic, 
mother-of-pearl,  and  semi-precious  stones,  in  which  are 
worked  devices  of  the  early  printers  and  other  appro- 
priate emblems.  Specially  to  be  noted  are  the  stained 
glass  dome  and  serpentine  marble  panels  containing  in- 
scriptions in  ten  different  languages,  the  characters  in- 
laid in  white.  (Book,  price  5  cents,  at  desk,  gives 
translations.) 

On  the  top  floor  is  the  Art  Room  with  superb  col- 
lection of  works  on  art  and  art  criticism,  many  rare 
and  costly.  On  the  floor  below  is  the  young  people's 
reading  room  and  at  the  end  of  the  corridor  is  the 
reference  room  where  any  book  in  the  library  may  be 
had  for  reference  but  not  to  be  taken  away.  Ranged 
around  the  walls  are  encyclopedias,  atlases,  directories 
and  dictionaries  in  all  the  principal  languages.  On  the 
same  floor  is  another  reading  room  supplied  with  news- 
papers from  every  important  city  in  the  United  States 
as  well  as  hundreds  of  magazines  and  other  publications, 
both  American  and  foreign.  The  Grand  Army  rooms 
and  Memorial  Hall,  with  museum  of  war  relics,  battle 
flags,  and  portraits  of  prominent  military  men,  includ- 
ing a  life  size  oil  portrait  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  is  on  the 
second  floor  of  the  building.  The  main  floor  is  con- 
spicuous for  the  spacious  hallway  fronting  the  Ran- 
dolph St.  entrance,  with  the  public  document  room  on 
the  right,  and  reading  room  for  the  blind  on  the  left. 
The  large  collection  of  books  in  this  room  printed  with 
raised  letters  is  unusual  and  worthy  of  special  notice. 

Pullman 

Best  reached  by  Illinois  Central  Suburban  trains; 
fare  15  cents. 


150  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Formerly  a  separate  city,  well  outside  of  Chicago, 
now  incorporated  with  the  rest  of  the  city,  but  still 
retaining  its  distinctive  individuality.  Like  the  more 
recently  constructed  and  nearby  town  of  Gary,  'Ind. 
(see  Suburbs),  it  is  a  city  which  was  practically  built  to 
order  for  the  use  of  the  employes  of  a  great  industrial 
corporation  about  whose  works  the  town  is  built.  Few 
communities  of  twice  the  size  have  as  many  buildings 
and  organizations  for  the  public  welfare  or  entertain- 
ment. 

A  great  technical  school  will  eventually  be  located  in 
this  community  at  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  St. 
and  Indiana  Ave.  The  late  George  M.  Pullman  left 
$1,000,000  for  this  purpose;  the  trustees  of  the  fund  are 
allowing  the  interest  to  accumulate  to  a  certain  amount 
before  going  ahead  with  construction. 

The  great  Pullman  Sleeping  Car  Works  here  may  be 
inspected  only  by  permission  obtainable  from  the 
officials  of  the  company  in  the  Pullman  Building, 
Adams  St.  and  Michigan  Ave. 

Railway  Exchange  Building 

Michigan  Ave.  and  Jackson  Blvd. 

This  17  story  structure  is  striking  in  that  it  is  faced 
with'white  enameled  tile  which  is  washed  and  cleaned 
once  each  year.  The  building  is  170  feet  square  and 
has  a  handsome  court,  glass  roofed  at  third  floor,  its 
finish  being  white  terra  cotta  and  marble.  The  build- 
ing was  erected  in  1904.  On  its  roof  is  a  blue  print 
house  for  printing  plans,  etc.,  also  a  wireless  telegraph 
station. 

Ravinia  Park 

Reached  by  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  R.  R.; 
21  miles.  Ravinia  Park  Station  directly  in  front  of 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  151 

entrance;  also  by  Northwestern  Elevated,  Evanston 
branch,  changing  at  Central  St.,  Evanston  (end  of  line), 
to  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  Electric  R.  R.  Admission 
to  park,  including  concerts,  25  cents. 

Ravinia  Park,  though  strictly  speaking,  an  amuse- 
ment park,  is  in  a  class  by  itself  as  regards  any  other 
place  of  the  kind,  either  in  Chicago  or  elsewhere.  Its 
appeal  is  particularly  to  people  of  culture  and  refine- 
ment and  lovers  of  nature,  yet  it  is  so  easily  accessible 
at  a  moderate  cost  that  all  may  avail  themselves,  at 
times,  of  its  beauties  and  pleasures.  No  visitor  to 
Chicago  during  the  months  from  May  to  October  should 
fail  to  visit  this  place. 

It  is  located  midway  between  the  suburban  towns  of 
Glencoe  and  Highland  Park,  about  half  a  mile  back  from 
Lake  Michigan,  which  at  this  point  has  precipitious 
banks  eighty  feet  high.  The  country  hereabout  was 
originally  entirely  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of 
timber  much  of  which  is  still  standing  both  in  the  park 
and  all  about  it.  The  grounds  are  enclosed  with  a  high 
wire  fence  and  cover  a  number  of  acres  partly  improved 
and  partly  in  a  state  of  nature. 

For  about  ten  weeks  beginning  the  middle  of  June 
concerts  are  given  afternoon  and  evening  by  two  of  the 
best  orchestras  in  the  United  States.  Reserved  seats 
at  these  concerts  are  extra,  but  a  large  number  of  good 
seats  are  available  without  additional  cost. 

During  the  concert  season  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Ry.  runs  special  trains  to  and  from  Ravinia  at 
a  special  rate  of  one  dollar,  including  admission  to  the 
grounds.  In  warm  weather,  time  permitting,  a 
pleasanter  trip  is  via  Northwestern  Elevated  to  Central 
St.,  Evanston,  fare  10  cents,  changing  there  to  the  Mil- 
waukee Electric  line  on  which  a  round  trip  ticket,  in- 


152  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

eluding  admission  to  grounds,  may  be  had  for  50  cents. 
The  time  required  for  the  latter  trip  is  one  hour  and'  a 
quarter. 

The  grounds  are  entered  through  an  ornamental 
gateway,  after  leaving  the  cars  of  either  system,  which 
immediately  faces  the  front  of  a  beautiful  theater,  often 
used  during  the  colder  months  and  is  always  available 
in  rainy  weather.  To  the  left  is  a  great  stadium  and 
open  athletic  field  flanked  by  dense  woods,  while  to  the 
right,  through  a  little  grove,  and  surrounded  by  beauti- 
ful flower  beds,  is  a  casino  where  light  refreshment  or 
an  elaborate  meal  may  be  had  at  all  times  of  the  day  or 
evening. 

Back  of  these  buildings,  which  are  all  of  a  style 
thoroughly  harmonious  with  their  sylvan  surroundings 
and  with  each  other,  is  the  great  pavilion,  seating 
several  thousand,  where  the  concerts  are  given.  At  the 
sides  under  the  surrounding  trees  are  seats  for  hundreds 
more.  The  pavilion  is  open  at  the  sides  and  end  and  so 
fine  are  its  acoustic  properties  that  the  softest  notes 
may  be  heard  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  build- 
ing. On  a  clear,  warm  night  with  electric  lights  among 
the  trees,  and  outlining  the  buildings,  people  in  summer 
garb  coming  and  going,  and  the  exquisite  music  floating 
out  on  the  breeze,  the  scene  is  indescribably  beautiful. 

At  the  left  of  the  pavilion  is  an  open  air  stage  where 
the  best  plays  are  sometimes  given  during  the  summer. 

A  fine  road  all  the  way  from  Chicago  makes  this  a 
favorite  trip  for  automobilists.  Entrance  for  autos 
and  a  shelter  for  their  convenience  is  at  the  rear  of  the 
grounds. 

The  Rialto 

Randolph  St.  to  Clark,  Clark  St.  to  Washington,  and 
Washington  to  LaSalle  St.  The  above  named  streets 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  153 

bound  the  County  Building  on  three  sides  and  on  each 
of  the  three  is  a  theater  with  another  nearby.  Also 
there  are  many  theatrical  booking  agencies,  and  con- 
cerns selling  supplies  for  theaters  and  actors  in  this 
territory  and  here  the  thespians  gather.  On  almost 
any  afternoon  many  of  the  stage  folk,  of  all  classes,  may 
be  seen  in  the  single  block  from  Clark  and  Washington 
to  Randolph. 

The  Rookery 

One  of  the  earliest  of  Chicago's  high  buildings  is  The 
Rookery,  located  in  La  Salle  St.,  and  extending  from 
Adams  to  Quincy  St.  This  structure,  which  is  more 
conspicuous  for  its  massiveness  than  for  its  height  (11 
stories)  at  the  time  of  its  erection,  1885,  was  counted  a 
triumph  in  commercial  architecture.  It  was  one  of  the 
first  four  buildings  constructed  of  steel  in  the  style 
which  later  became  widely  known  as  "Chicago  con- 
struction." 

The  site  upon  which  the  Rookery  stands  is  owned  by 
the  city  and  prior  to  the  great  fire  of  1871  a  water  tank 
or  tower,  part  of  the  city  waterworks  system,  stood  upon 
the  ground.  After  the  fire,  in  which  the  city  hall  was 
destroyed,  a  temporary  structure  for  the  housing  of  the 
various  municipal  departments  was  erected  on  this  site. 
In  the  course  of  time  the  building  became  dilapidated 
and  was  dubbed  "the  rookery,"  a  name  which  stuck. 
In  1885,  the  land  was  leased  and  this  forerunner  of  the 
skyscraper  era  erected.  In  selecting  a  name  for  the 
building,  several  were  suggested  and  rejected,  and 
finally  it  was  decided  that  "The  Rookery"  would  prove 
distinctive  and  unusual.  It  was,  therefore,  adopted 
and  has  been  identified  with  the  big  La  Salle  St.  block 
ever  since.  The  assessed  value  of  The  Rookery  is 
$1,200,000. 


154  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Saint  Ignatius  College  and  Church  of  the  Holy  Family 

Blue  Island  Ave.  and  Twelfth  St.,  Twelfth  St.  car. 

Of  interest  as  being  quite  old  for  Chicago,  the  parish 
having  been  founded  in  1857,  college  erected  1869,  its 
purpose  being  the  higher  education  of  the  Catholic 
youth  of  the  city.  The  main  college  building  contains 
valuable  mineralogical  and  natural  history  museums, 
and  a  library  of  25,000  volumes.  This  whole  section  of 
Chicago  was  originally  inhabited  by  the  Irish,  the 
parish  numbering  24,000,  but  they  have  been  almost 
entirely  displaced  during  recent  years  by  the  Jewish 
element. 

The  Church  of  the  Holy  Family  adjoins  the  college 
and  has  a  fine  interior,  beautiful  altars  and  stations  of 
the  cross.  It  is  well  worth  a  visit. 

South  Water  Street  Market 

South  Water  St.,  State  to  Franklin  Sts. 

Within  a  distance  of  five  blocks  in  South  Water  St., 
the  first  thoroughfare  south  of  the  Chicago  River  are 
between  200  and  300  commission,  jobbing  and  whole- 
sale concerns  dealing  in  fruit,  vegetables,  poultry, 
eggs  and  butter.  This  district  is  the  greatest  market 
in  Chicago  for  all  foodstuffs  of  this  kind,  and  has 
picturesque  aspects  and  interesting  features,  which 
will  appeal  to  all  who  have  never  visited  the  place  and 
especially  to  those  who  are  in  any  way  interested  in 
the  raising  or  merchandising  of  products  such  as  are 
handled  here  in  such  great  volume. 
'  In  the  earliest  morning  hours,  wagons  in  a  steady 
stream  begin  to  arrive  from  the  freight  depots  and  from 
a  considerable  farming  district  beyond  the  city  limits. 
Goods  of  all  kinds  are  largely  displayed,  heaped  high  on 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  155 

the  sidewalks  or  crowded  into  the  partly  open  fronts  of 
the  different  places  of  business.  All  day  long  wagons 
are  backed  up  to  the  sidewalks  in  the  narrow  street  as 
closely  as  they  can  stand  barely  leaving  room  for  passage 
between  the  rows  of  teams.  On  the  sidewalks,  what 
with  passing  trucks,  groups  of  buyers,  and  crates  or 
barrels  of  oranges,  bananas,  apples,  potatoes,  eggs  and 
live  poultry  piled  everywhere,  passage  for  the  pedestrian 
is  equally  difficult.  With  all  the  seeming  confusion  a 
vast  amount  of  business  is  transacted  -here  every  day 
and  soon  after  the  close  of  business  hours  at  night  the 
street  is  as  quiet  and  clean  as  that  of  any  residence 
neighborhood. 

An  observer  who  recently  took  the  trouble  to  count 
found  5,000  vehicles  in  the  market  section  of  South 
Water  St.  between  noon  and  six  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
and  on  another  day,  between  four  in  the  morning  and  six 
in  the  evening,  19,856  were  counted  within  the  accepted 
limits  of  the  market  district. 

A  few  figures  giving  some  idea  of  the  tremendous 
number  of  eggs,  potatoes,  and  some  of  the  principal 
fruits,  used  in  Chicago  and  vicinity,  and  distributed 
through  the  South  Water  Street  Market  will  doubtless 
be  of  interest. 

An  average  of  1,500,000  cases  of  eggs  are  on  storage 
here  each  year,  of  which  something  like  one-third  are 
used  locally  and  the  balance  disposed  of  throughout  the 
country.  In  the  course  of  a  year  some  2,600,000  cases 
of  storage  eggs  are  shipped  out  and  866,000  cases  used 
locally.  Add  to  the  latter  figure  1,732,000  cases  of 
fresh  eggs  required  for  local  use  and  we  have  a  total  of 
2,598,000  cases,  or  935,280,000  eggs.  At  average  whole- 
sale rates,  the  egg  business  amounts  to  between 
$25,000,000  and  $30,000,000  in  value.  For  butter  the 


156  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

figures  in  general  will  run  about  one  third  less  than  for 
eggs. 

Another  very  large  item  is  the  apple  business.  In 
recent  years  South  Water  Street  has  handled  in  one 
year  all  the  way  from  a  maximum  of  1,000,000  barrels 
to  a  minimum  of  650,000  barrels.  There  have  been  as 
many  as  650,000  barrels  in  storage  at  one  time  and  an 
average  of  about  one-half  that  amount.  With  the 
wholesale  price  of  apples  ranging  about  $3.25  a  barrel, 
the  value  of  the  apples  eaten  in  Chicago  is  seen  to  be  no 
small  amount. 

Of  oranges  and  lemons  California  alone  ships  in  over 
2,200  car  loads  running  in  the  neighborhood  of  300 
boxes  to  a  car.  Florida  furnishes  at  least  350  more 
cars,  and  about  the  same  amount  of  grape  fruit.  Italy 
also  furnishes  the  local  market  with  lemons  and  oranges 
in  considerable  volume. 

In  the  way  of  potatoes,  it  takes  an  average  of  38  cars 
of  22,800  bushels  to  supply  the  local  demand. 

Even  the  humble  banana  has  a  sale  amounting  to 
fully  $1,200,000  at  wholesale  prices.  An  average  of 
4,000  cars  a  year,  450  bunches  to  the  car,  and  7  dozen 
bananas  to  the  bunch,  or  a  total  of  151,200,000  bananas, 
is  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  present  volume  of 
business  in  this  popular  fruit. 

Starting  Point  of  the  Great  Chicago  Fire 

Twelfth  St.  car  to  Clinton  St.,  then  walk  two  blocks 
north. 

At  No.  137  De  Koven  St.  is  the  site  of  the  building  in 
which  the  Great  Chicago  Fire  of  October  9,  1871, 
started.  A  stone  tablet  with  suitable  inscription  is  set 
in  the  facade  of  the  building  now  occupying  the  lot. 

The  fire  swept  north  and  east  from  this  point  before 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  157 

a  fierce  gale  until  it  reached  the  business  center  which 
was  entirely  destroyed,  then  on  through  the  best  resi- 
dence portion  of  the  city  to  its  farthest  northern  limits 
near  Fullerton  Ave. 

The  facts  in  regard  to  this  great  conflagration  are  well 
known,  but  some  of  them  may  perhaps  well  be  repeated 
at  this  point.  At  the  time  of  the  fire  Chicago  had  a 
population  of  approximately  300,000  people.  For 
three  or  four  weeks  previous  the  weather  had  been  hot 
and  dry.  The  district  in  which  it  started  was  one  of 
small  frame  buildings.  On  the  night  of  Sunday, 
October  8,  the  wind  was  blowing  a  gale,  so  it  may  be 
seen  that  conditions  were  favorable  for  a  disaster. 

According  to  commonly  accepted  report  the  fire 
started  shortly  after  9  o'clock  from  a  lamp  which  had 
been  overturned  by  an  unruly  cow,  belonging  to  a  Mrs. 
O'Leary.  The  flames  advanced  with  such  rapidity 
that  within  six  hours  they  had  at  some  points  covered 
as  much  as  three  miles.  The  destructive  elements  did 
not  make  their  way  forward  in  a  solid  front  but  in 
several  different  columns,  leaving  for  a  while  unburned 
space  between.  For  this  reason,  and  because  of  the 
rapid  advance,  about  150  people  were  burned  to  death 
and  as  many  more  perished  from  injuries  and  exposure 
received  during  those  three  dreadful  days  before  the  fire 
burned  itself  out. 

From  the  outset  the  fire  department  was  practically 
powerless  and  several  of  the  fire  engines  were  consumed 
by  the  flames. 

Before  the  fire  ended  on  Tuesday  the  10th,  it  had 
devastated  a  district  roughly  bounded  on  the  south  by 
Taylor  and  Harrison  Sts;  east  to  the  lake;  on  the  west 
by  Jefferson,  south  to  Harrison  St.,  thence  north  and 
east  along  the  South  Branch  and  north  and  west  along 


158  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

the  North  Branch  to  the  region  of  North  Ave.,  then 
working  more  to  the  east  and  finally  ending  in  the 
vicinity  of  Fullerton  Ave.,  Lincoln  Park  and  the  lake. 
This  comprised  an  area  of  2,100  acres  containing  2,500 
stores  and  factories.  Of  the  total  population  about 
100,000  or  a  third  of  all  the  people  in  the  city  had  been 
rendered  homeless.  The  total  direct  loss  was  some- 
thing like  $200,000,000,  while  the  indirect  loss  from 
shrinkage  in  real  estate  values,  interruption  to  business, 
increased  cost  of  living,  etc.,  was  almost  incalculable. 

The  people  throughout  the  country  responded  nobly 
to  Chicago's  need  and  within  a  very  short  time  had  con- 
tributed $4,200,000  in  cash  and  many  million  dollars' 
worth  of  provisions  and  clothing.  It  was  at  the  time 
freely  predicted  that  Chicago  would  never  rally  from 
such  a  blow  even  to  the  extent  of  regaining  her  former 
pre-eminence,  but  though  her  buildings  were  gone,  her 
citizens,  with  undaunted  courage  in  the  future  greatness 
of  their  city,  remained.  Upon  the  ruins  rose  a  new  and 
more  substantial  Chicago.  Within  a  few  years  not  a 
scar  was  left,  the  city  grew  with  increased  rapidity  and 
her  business  center  was  filled  with  a  finer  class  of  build- 
ings that  would  have  been  built  for  many  years  except 
for  the  great  fire. 

Of  late  years  it  has  been  customary  to  celebrate  the 
anniversary  of  the  fire,  October  9,  as  a  red  letter  day  in 
Chicago  history,  marking  the  beginning  of  a  new  era 
in  her  progress. 

The  Temple 

Conspicuous  among  the  better  class  of  downtown 
office  buildings  is  The  Temple,"  Monroe  and  La  Salle  Sts. 
This  fine  structure,  erected  in  1892  at  a  cost  of  $1,265,- 
000,  is  a  monument  to  the  courage  and  enterprise  of  the 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  159 

Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union.  The  founder 
of  the  movement  for  the  erection  of  the  building  was 
Mrs.  Matilda  B.  Carse,  the  plan-  being  presented  in 
November,  1887,  at  a  convention  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U. 
held  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  It  caused  great  enthusiasm 
and  was  heartily  endorsed.  The  cornerstone  of  the 
building  was  laid  in  November,  1890,  three  years  later, 
and  the  building  was  completed  in  May,  1902.  The 
building  of  the  Temple  was  a  project  heartily  favored 
by  Frances  E.  Willard,  the  renowned  former  head  of  the 
great  temperance  organization.  ^Jp  to  the  time  of  her 
death  in  1898  she  labored  incessantly  in  its  interest  and 
since  that  time  the  affairs  of  the  building  have  been 
under  the  careful  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Temple 
Trustees,  headed  by  Mrs.  M.  B.  Carse,  its  president. 

A  noteworthy  feature  of  The  Temple  is  Willard  Hall 
(entrance  from  Monroe  St.  side  of  the  building),  named 
in  honor  of  the  illustrious  leader  of  the  temperance 
movement.  In  this  fine  hall,  located  in  the  center  of 
the  main  floor  of  The  Temple,  and  adorned  with  many 
beautiful  memorial  tablets,  are  held  daily  noontime 
meetings  of  religious  character  to  which  all  are  welcome. 
The  Temple  building  proper,  with  its  thirteen  stories, 
is  devoted  to  offices,  but  Willard  Hall  is  a  feature  that 
stands  out  distinctively  as  a  place  reserved  for  the  in- 
culcation of  spiritual  wisdom.  The  noon  meetings  held 
daily  throughout  the  year  are  largely  attended  by  both 
Chicago  men  and  women  and  the  stranger  within  the 
gates. 

Tunnel  System 

Main  office  Illinois  Tunnel  Co.,  179  Monroe  St.  May 
be  viewed  only  by  special  permission  of  General  Super- 
intendent. 


160  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Twenty  feet  under  the  streets  of  Chicago,  unknown 
to  most  people,  is  a  labyrinth  of  small  tunnels  or  sub- 
ways, 6  by  7  1-2  feet  in  size,  and  56  miles  in  length. 
These  tunnels  follow  the  streets  and  are  now  (1909) 
connected  with  all  railway  freight  depots,  passenger 
stations  and,  through  their  sub-basements,  with  a  num- 
ber of  the  larger  mercantile  concerns  as  well  as  the  Post 
Office.  Electric  motors  draw  cars  laden  with  all  sorts 
of  merchandise,  coal,  ashes,  etc.  There  are  tunnels  in 
State,  Dearborn,  Clark,  La  Salle,  Fifth  Ave.,  and  cross 
streets,  extending  out  about  two  miles  beyond  the  Loop 
District.  There  are  three  underground  power  stations, 
two  universal  freight  and  transfer  stations  (one  of  them 
occupying  five  floors  below  the  ground),  eighty-five  ordi- 
nary stations,  and  twelve  tunnels,  extending  sixty  feet 
under  the  Chicago  River  or  its  branches.  So  far  be- 
tween $30,000,000  and  $40,000,000  have  been  expended 
on  construction  and  equipment.  The  fact  that  the 
tunnels  are  not  designed  for  passenger  traffic  accounts 
largely  for  the  general  lack  of  information  about  these 
wonderful  subways.  The  bores  also  contain  the  cables 
of  one  of  the  local  telephone  companies. 

Union  Stock  Yards 

Reached  by  the  South  Side  Elevated,  transferring  to 
the  Stock  Yards  Branch  at  Indiana  Ave.  and  Fortieth 
St.,  by  the  Halsted  and  Seventy-ninth  St.  cars  which 
leave  the  Loop  District  going  south  in  Clark  St.;  by  any 
west  bound  car  of  any  line,  transferring  to  south  bound 
Halsted  St.  car  at  Halsted  St.  Fare  by  any  route  5 
cents.  k 

Arriving  by  elevated  get  off  at  Halsted  St.  station  at 
entrance  of  the  yards,  or  at  Exchange  station  a  short 
distance  inside.  By  surface  car  get  off  at  Halsted  St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  161 

and  Exchange  Ave.,  which  is  at  the  main  entrance  to 
the  yards . 

Passing  under  the  arched  gateway  on  Exchange  Ave. 
the  visitor  is  at  once  within  the  confines  of  the  famous 
stock  yards,  the  greatest  live  stock  market  in  the 
world,  and  the  abode  of  Chicago's  most  important  com- 
mercial enterprise. 

On  either  side  of  Exchange  Ave,  the  well  filled  cattle 
pens  stretch  away  to  north  and  south  in  seemingly 
endless  vistas.  At  intervals  are  cross  streets  all  well 
paved  with  brick  and  thoroughly  cleansed  each  day. 
Above  are  seen  at  stated  distances  covered  passageways 
for  more  easily  driving  animals  from  one  part  of  the 
grounds  to  another. 

Cattlemen  from  the  plains,  buyers  and  sellers  are 
coming  and  going  on  foot  and  on  horseback;  at  the  side 
of  each  pen,  on  top  of  the  stout  surrounding  fence,  is  a 
narrow  pathway  where  others  who  wish  to  buy  or  sell 
or  simply  look  may  inspect  the  animals  from  above  at 
close  range;  here  will  be  seen  sheep,  there  hogs,  then 
perhaps  a  bunch  of  calves,  followed  by  pen  after  pen  of 
fine  steers  from  Kansas,  Dakota  and  all  over  the  western 
plains. 

Some  distance  to  the  south,  immediately  after  enter- 
ing, may  be  seen  the  great  structure  of  the  International 
Amphitheater,  described  elsewhere;  entrance  from 
Halsted  St.  Horse  sales  and  auctions  are  held  in  near- 
by buildings  on  certain  days  of  the  week. 

On  the  left  as  one  advances  will  be  seen  a  large  build- 
ing, with  ample  space  in  front,  known  as  the  Live  Stock 
Exchange,  where  are  located  the  executive  offices  of  the 
Stock  Yards  Co.,  a  large  bank,  commission  mens'  offices, 
restaurant,  telegraph  office,  etc. 

Continuing  still  further,  the  visitor  passes  out  of  the 


162  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Stock  Yards  proper  and  into  Packingtown,  described 
elsewhere.  There  are  located  the  colossal  meat  packing 
plants  covering  an  area  of  several  hundred  acres.  The 
Stock  Yards  branch  of  the  South  Side  Elevated,  after 
entering  the  yards  just  beyond  the  Halsted  St.  station, 
crosses  them  about  in  the  center,  then  makes  a  loop 
encircling  the  largest  packing  house  plants  in  Packing- 
town  and  back  again  to  the  starting  point  at  Halsted  St. 
station.  If  the  visitor  will  make  the  trip  in  this  way 
it  will  in  a  few  minutes  give  him  a  very  comprehensive 
view  both  of  the  Stock  Yards  and  of  the  great  meat 
packing  establishments  back  of  them  before  starting  in 
for  a  more  careful  survey 

The  Stock  Yards  Company,  as  such,  does  not  buy  or 
sell  a  single  animal.  Its  only  function  is  to  provide 
facilities  for  the  proper  care  of  consignments,  supplies 
of  feed  at  reasonable  prices,  pens  where  stock  may  be 
safely  and  conveniently  held  for  the  inspection  of 
buyers,  and  strict  rules  covering  the  weighing,  in- 
spection and  handling  of  animals  received  for  sale. 
Neither  does  it  have  any  bias  in  favor  of  buyers  as 
against  sellers  or  vice  versa.  The  packing  house  con- 
cerns do  not  have  control  individually  collectively,  or 
otherwise  over  the  Stock  Yards,  but  are  dependent  upon 
them  for  an  adequate,  and  ever  ready  supply  of  raw 
material,  and  in  the  same  way  the  yards  could  not 
prosper  as  they  have  done  without  a  ready  market  close 
at  hand  for  a  practically  unlimited  number  of  food 
animals. 

The  Stock  Yards  cover  an  area  of  500  acres  of  which 
all  but  50  acres  are  paved  with  brick.  Within  their 
limits  are  300  miles  of  railway  track;  25  miles  of  streets; 
13,000  pens;  8,500  double-decked  pens;  25,000  gates; 
2  banks;  6  restaurants;  1  hotel  (The  Transit  House);  a 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  163 

water  works  plant,  with  daily  pumping  capacity  of 
8,000,000  gallons;  90  miles  of  water  mains;  10,000  water 
hydrants;  6  artesian  wells;  50  miles  of  sewer  pipes;  450 
electric,  arc,  and  10,000  incandescent  lamps,  to  men- 
tion only  a  few  of  the  appurtenances  and  conveniences 
necessary  in  running  a  great  institution  of  this  charac- 
ter. 

Nor  is  this  by  any  means  all,  for  just  outside  the 
yards  are  any  number  of  banks,  restaurants,  stores, 
hotels  and  a  variety  of  other  institutions  dependent 
almost  entirely  on  stockmen  or  Stock  Yards  employes 
for  their  support. 

Within  the  present  area  of  the  yards  there  is  room 
and  accommodation  for  about  75,000  cattle;  300,000 
hogs;  125,000  sheep  and  6,000  horses.  On  a  single  day  in 
1908  there  were  1,303  calves,  87,000  hogs,  27,000  sheep, 
and  838  horses,  or  'a  total  of  over  150,000  animals  in 
2,933  cars.  This  would  make  a  train  about  25  miles  long 
or  a  procession  of  animals  extending  nearly  200  miles 
in  single  file.  So  highl  organized,  however,  is  every 
department  of  this  great  undertaking  that  receipts  such 
as  those  mentioned  above  can  all  be  unloaded  before 
six  a.  m.  and  practically  all  sold  for  spot  cash  at  the  best 
prices  prevailing  in  the  country,  before  three  p.  m. 

The  present  stringent  regulations  regarding  the  in- 
spection of  animals,  both  before  and  after  slaughter, 
requires  the  services  of  between  300  and  400  U.  S. 
inspectors  in  the  yards  and  packing  house  district,  not 
to  mention  a  large  number  of  state  and  city  inspectors. 
So  great  is  the  demand  for  highly  trained  inspectors  on 
the  part  of  the  state  and  the  federal  governments  that 
the  University  of  Illinois  is  building  a  great  Veterinary 
College,  just  outside  the  yards,  at  a  cost  of  $350,000, 
for  the  building  alone,  where  theoretical  instruction 


164  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

along  that  line  can  be  given  with  vast  practical  "ex- 
perience to  be  had  at  first-hand. 

Prior  to  1866  Chicago  had  already  attained  some 
prominence  as  a  stock  market,  but  the  business  was 
scattered  through  a  number  of  small  yards.  In  that 
year,  John  B.  Sherman,  who  had  in  some  degree  realized 
the  city's  advantages  in  this  respect,  united  these 
scattered  interests,  purchased  the  present  site  of  the 
Stock  Yards  from  "Long"  John  Wentworth,  and  inau- 
gurated the  business  in  a  small  way,  which  has  now 
grown  to  such  vast  proportions. 

Before  leaving  the  subject  a  further  word  should  be 
said  which  may  help  the  visitor  to  realize  the  important 
part  which  this  stock  market  and  the  related  packing 
interests  occupy  in  the  field  of  Chicago's  many  sided 
industrial  activity  as  a  whole. 

More  than  45,000  persons  are  employed  in  the  yards 
and  Packingtown,  and  directly  dependent  on  these  em- 
ployees are  perhaps  200,000  more  people.  Then  must 
be  considered,  hotels,  restaurants,  meat  markets, 
canning  and  other  factories/  etc.,  dependent  on  these 
enterprises.  An  average  of  1,000  carloads  of  cattle  a 
day  are  received,  worth  not  less  than  $1,000  a  car.  One 
bank  in  the  Stock  Yards  district  has  annual  deposits  of 
$800,000,000  to  $900,000,000.  Vast  sums  are  expended 
also  for  freight,  feed,  fuel,  boxes,  cans,  etc.  Stockmen 
to  the  number  of  several  hundred  thousand  who  come 
to  Chicago  with  shipments  of  animals  during  the  course 
of  a  year  are  also  heavy  purchasers  of  farming  imple- 
ments and  supplies  of  all  kinds. 

University  of  Chicago 

Street  car  ride  No.  5  to  Fifty-ninth  St.  and  walk  two 
blocks  east.  Also  Illinois  Central  suburban  train  to 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  165 

Fifty-seventh  or  Sixtieth  St.  stations,  or  Cottage  Grove 
Ave.  and  Fifty-fifth  St.  car  to  Fifty-seventh  St.,  thence 
west  three  to  four  blocks. 

This  great  seat  of  learning,  facing  the  broad  expanse 
of  Midway  Plaisance,  eight  miles  from  the  center  of 
Chicago,  is  a  wonderful  institution  of  world-wide  repu- 
tation. Its  marvelous  growth  in  wealth,  influence,  and 
number  of  students  is  characteristic  of  Chicago  as  a 
whole,  and  still  more  to  be  wondered  at  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  the  first  students  were  admitted  to  very 
inadequate  and  incomplete  quarters  and  facilities  no 
longer  than  sixteen  years  ago. 

The  campus  now  covers  95  acres  costing  $4,217,553, 
on  which  now  stand  31  buildings  (with  others  planned 
for  the  near  future)  costing  nearly  $5,000,000,  and  the 
total  of  gifts  to  the  University  up  to  June  30,  1908, 
were  $29,651,859.  It  is  expected  that  $800,000,  partly 
from  Mr.  J.  D.  Rockefeller  and  partly  from  a  number 
of  Chicagoans,  will  be  subscribed  for  a  Harper  Memorial 
Library  Building  before  this  book  is  off  the  press.  The 
number  of  students  during  the  college  year  1907-08  was 
5,038  while  541  of  this  number  secured  degrees.  The 
number  of  instructors  was  341. 

When,  in  1886,  the  old  University  of  Chicago,  founded 
by  Stephen  A.  Douglas  and  others  passed  out  of  exis- 
tence, and  a  successor  was  being  discussed,  Chicago 
was  decided  upon  as  the  site,  because  everything  pointed 
to  the  future  of  this  city  as  most  promising  for  the  pro- 
posed institution  in  years  to  come. 

The  old  university  had  been  a  ward  of  the  Baptist 
denomination  and  was  hardly  a  university  except  in 
name.  The  new  one  from  the  first,  while  cherishing 
the  memory  of  the  old,  has  been  a  university,  both  in 
the  freedom  of  its  thought  and  methods,  and  in  its 


166  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

scope.  The  charter  stipulates  the  non-sectarian  char- 
acter of  the  institution  and  provides  that  no  religious 
test  should  ever  be  applied  to  faculty  or  student. 

Mr.  John  D.  Rockefeller,  though  the  first  and  by  far 
the  largest  individual  contributor  to  the  endowment  of 
the  university,  has  refused  to  let  his  name  be  used  as 
part  of  the  title,  though  the  names  of  other  contributors 
are  perpetuated  in  particular  buildings,  the  cost  of 
which  they  have  paid. 

Chicago  is  proud  of  the  university  bearing  her  name 
and  her  citizens  have  responded  literally  to  its  support 
donating  in  all  more  than  $7,000,000.  This  sum  has 
come  from  women  as  well  as  men.  Wm.  B.  Ogden,  first 
mayor  of  Chicago,  left  in  his  will  $550,000  to  be  used 
especially  in  the  promotion  of  science.  Yerkes  Ob- 
servatory at  Williams  Bay,  Wisconsin,  was  built  and 
equipped  by  the  late  Charles  T.  Yerkes,  while  a  citizen 
of  Chicago,  at  a  cost  of  $340,000.  Mrs.  Emmons  Blaine 
and  Miss  Helen  Culver  each  gave  over  $1,000,000  and 
are  the  largest  individual  donors  aside  from  Mr.  Rocke- 
feller. 

While  the  university  has  been  fortunate  above  most 
others  in  the  wealth  which  has  been  so  generously  be- 
stowed upon  it,  this  alone  would  not  account  for  the 
commanding  position  it  has  so  quickly  attained  in  the 
educational  world.  A  complete  prospectus  of  the 
university  was  worked  out  in  detail  and  sent  to  more 
than  fifty  American  colleges  and  universities  for  criti- 
cism long  before  the  first  student  registered  or  even  the 
foundations  for  the  first  building  had  been  laid.  Many 
of  the  plans  contemplated  were  new  to  educators  but 
had  been  worked  out  in  the  fertile  mind  of  Wm.  Rainey 
Harper,  to  whose  genius  and  foresight  the  organization 
of  the  university  is  due,  as  well  as  the  successful  shap- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  167 

ing  of  its  plans  and  policies  under  his  presidency,  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1906. 

This  wise  forethought  is  everywhere  evident — in 
plans  for  building,  in  the  relations  of  the  university 
with  other  colleges,  in  the  arrangement  of  courses  of 
study,  in  the  guidance  of  social  tendencies,  wherever 
one  choses  to  look. 

The  first  students,  600  in  number,  entered  the  Uni- 
versity in  October,  1892,  and  from  that  time  to  this  the 
buildings  and  equipment  have  been  in  constant  use 
except  for  the  usual  brief  vacations  at  Christmas,  New 
Years,  etc.  The  calendar  year,  contrary  to  college 
precedent  in  other  times  and  places,  is  divided  into  four 
terms  or  quarters  of  twelve  weeks  each.  The  Summer 
Quarter,  beginning  June  15,  offers  exactly  the  same 
opportunities  for  study  as  the  other  quarters.  This 
enables  ambitious  students  to  complete  their  course  in 
three  years  and  permits  those  who  are  working  their 
way  to  drop  out  during  the  three  months  best  for  earn- 
ing money.  Hundreds  of  teachers,  also,  from  all  over 
the  country  come  to  the  university  during  the  Summer 
Quarter  for  post  graduate  workorfurtherstudyalong  the 
line  which  they  are  teaching  during  the  rest  of  the  year. 

In  line  with  what  has  previously  been  said  about  a 
preconceived  plan,  certain  things  were  determined  before 
a  single  building  was  erected;  an  appro piate  architec- 
tural style — English  Gothic;  a  uniform  building  ma- 
terial— blue  Bedford  limestone;  and  a  system  for 
grouping,  the  Oxford,  England,  plan  of  special  quad- 
rangles. The  first  architect,  Mr.  Henry  Ives  Cobb, 
made  a  water-color  sketch  of  the  main  quadrangle  as  it 
would  look  when  all  the  buildings  were  put  up  and  that 
sketch  has  been  quite  closely  followed  in  every  addition 
since  made  to  the  group  of  university  buildings. 


168  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

That  uniformity  in  style  does  not  mean  monotony  is 
clearly  illustrated  in  the  widely  different  effects  of 
Haskell  Museum,  and  Ryerson  Physical  Laboratory. 
The  Law  Building  closely  follows  the  design  of  King's 
College,  at  Cambridge,  England,  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful of  European  collegiate  structures,  so  far  as  outward 
appearance  goes,  but  within,  is  planned  along  more 
modern  lines.  The  Bartlett  Gymnasium  is  notable  for 
the  stern  simplicity  of  its  lines.  A  memorial  stained 
glass  window  costing  $40,000,  representing  the  crowning 
of  the  wounded  Ivanhoe  after  the  tournament  at  Ashby, 
is  said  to  be  one  of  the  very  finest  examples  of  artistic 
stained  glass  in  the  country.  The  first  floor  of  this 
building  contains  1,500  lockers,  baths,  and  a  big  swim- 
ming tank,  as  well  as  offices.  The  top  floor  is  the  exercis- 
ing room,  200  by  80  feet,  free  from  pillars  and  surrounded 
by  a  running  track. 

Across  from  the  gymnasium  stands  what  is  known  as 
the  tower  group — Hutchinson  Hall,  the  Reynolds  Club, 
Mandel  Hall  and  Mitchell  Tower — at  present  the  archi- 
tectural capstone  of  the  university.  Mandel  Hall  is  a 
complete  theater,  with  all  accessories,  including  a  fine 
pipe  organ.  It  seats  1,200,  and  is  used  for  convoca- 
tions, religious  exercises  and  a  variety  of  other  pur- 
poses. Hutchinson  Hall  in  its  interior  is  a  reproduction 
of  the  beautiful  Christ  Church  Hall  at  Oxford.  This 
building  is  used  as  the  men's  dining  hall.  The  whole 
building  is  one  splendid  room  150  by  40  feet,  and  50 
feet  high,  with  not  a  pillar  to  hinder  the  view.  One 
cannot  fail  to  be  impressed  by  its  mediaeval  pomp  and 
magnificence.  The  Reynolds  Club  is  the  social  home 
of  all  the  men  students  at  the  university.  There  is  a 
little  theater  on  the  top  floor  and  everything  to  minister 
to  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  students.  The 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  169 

Mitchell  Tower  which  is  almost  an  exact  copy  of  the 
famous  tower  of  Magdalen  College  at  Oxford  is  in  evi- 
dence from  nearly  all  parts  of  the  campus.  It  is  thor- 
oughly in  harmony  with  all  its  surroundings  and  the 
most  pleasing  of  any  single  architectural  feature  on  the 
university  grounds.  The  chimes  with  which  it  recently 
has  been  equipped  are  classed  with  the  finest  in  this 
country. 

Directly  north  of  the  main  group  of  university  build- 
ings is  Marshall  Field,  two  inclosed  city  blocks,  named 
after  its  chief  donor.  This  is  devoted  to  outdoor  athletics 
and  here  are  held  the  great  intercollegiate  baseball  and 
football  games.  The  women  students  have  an  inclosed 
field  of  their  own  300  by  150  feet  in  area.  The  university 
is  as  yet  without  a  General  Library  Building  but,  as 
previously  explained,  this  is  likely  to  be  the  next  and 
most  notable  building  on  the  whole  campus.  The  larger 
part  of  the  library  collection  consisting  of  461,000 
volumes  and  170,000  pamphlets,  besides  thousands  of 
magazines,  is  housed  in  the  building  of  the  University 
Press  at  the  west  end  of  the  campus,  the  balance  being 
scattered  in  special  reference  libraries  throughout  the 
various  buildings.  In  this  building  are  printed  two 
college  papers  (one  a  daily),  twelve  scientific  periodicals 
and  an  ever  increasing  number  of  books  and  special 
publications.  The  University  Book  Store  is  directly 
across  the  street. 

At  the  opposite  end  of  the  campus,  and  directly 
affiliated  with  the  university,  are  a  group  of  buildings — 
the  School  of  Education,  a  Gymnasium  Building  and 
the  University  High  School.  Here  a  pupil  may  start  in 
the  Kindergarten,  then  go  through  the  eight  years  of 
Elementary  and  Grammer  School  work  into  the  High 
School  and  from  there  to  the  University  and  Profes- 


170  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Bional  Schools,  Chicago  being  the  second  university  in 
the  country  to  provide  continuous  instruction  from 
kindergarten  up  through  work  leading  to  a  doctor's 
degree. 

In  closing  this  description  mention  should  be  made  of 
the  Yerkes  Observatory  and  its  famous  refracting  tele- 
scope of  40  inches  aperture.  This  was  located  on  an 
eminence  overlooking  Lake  Geneva,  in  s6uthern  Wiscon- 
sin, in  order  to  secure  clearer  air  and  more  freedom  from 
vibration,  for  astronomical  work.  It  is  an  integral  part 
of  the  university  and  is  surrounded  by  grounds  of  75 
acres  in  extent.  The  refracting  telescope  ranks  as 
second  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

Washington  Park 

Reached  by  street  car  ride  No.  5.  Washington  Park 
is  very  large  and  may  be  best  viewed  from  a  carriage  or 
an  automobile.  It  contains  371  acres  beautifully 
parked  and  amply  shaded  with  large  trees.  There  is 
an  extensive  system  of  lagoons  with  row  boats  to  hire 
at  15  cents  to  25  cents  per  hour.  There  are  also  scores 
of  tennis  courts,  a  baseball  field,  beautiful  park  pavilion, 
and  a  speedway  for  fast  horses.  The  Rose  Gardens  in 
season  are  charming.  The  park  is  surrounded  on  all 
sides  by  residence  districts,  and  is  therefore,  constantly 
used  by  a  large  population  living  in  the  vicinity,  and  on 
holidays  there  are  great  crowds  from  farther  away^  •  A 
feature  of  the  park  is  several  great  open  fields,  with 
woods,  shrubbery  and  flower  beds  only  at  the  outer 
edge.  Grand  Boulevard  affords  a  stately  entrance  to 
the  north  end  of  Washington  Park  and  from  the  south 
end  Midway  Plaisance  makes  a  magnificent  connecting 
link  with  Jackson  Park  on  the  lake  shore  a  mile  to  the 
east. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  171 

The  large  park  conservatory  is  well  worthy  an  inspec- 
tion and  in  it  is  a  most  excellent  floral  display. 

Waubansee  Stone 

One  of  the  most  interesting  relics  of  the  days  when 
Chicago  consisted  only  of  Fort  Dearborn  and  a  few 
scattered  cabins  along  the  river  is  the  Waubansee  Stone, 
a  granite  boulder,  something  more  than  six  feet  tall  and 
three  feet  square,  that  now  reposes  in  the  yard  at  the 
side  of  the  Isaac  N.  Arnold  house,  104  Lincoln  Park 
Boulevard,  North  Side.  This  stone  is  one  of  the  few 
authentic  relics  of  the  early  military  post.  On  one  side 
of  its  top  it  bears  a  rudely  carved  portrait  of  the  Indian 
chief  Waubansee,  who  in  the  earliest  days  of  the  fort 
proved  himself  a  friend  of  the  white  man.  More  than 
a  century  ago,  this  stone  lay  inside  the  Fort  Dearborn 
stockade  and  from  its  top  Daniel  Webster,  in  1837,  de- 
livered a  speech.  About  the  time  of  the  Civil  War,  Mr. 
Arnold,  now  deceased,  removed  the  stone  to  his  yard 
where  it  has  since  remained.  Mr.  Arnold  was  a  con- 
gressman from  a  Chicago  district  and  one  of  the  early 
presidents  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association 

General  offices,  Association  Bldg..  153  La  Salle  St. 
The  Association  has  a  very  large  membership  and  is 
composed  of  four  city  departments,  six  railway  depart- 
ments and  seven  student  departments.  The  following 
privileges  are  open  to  all  men  or  boys  of  good  moral 
character:  Scientific  Physical  Culture,  4  gymnasiums, 
4  natatoriums,  steam,  shower  and  tub  baths,  massage, 
handball  courts,  fencing,  wrestling  and  swimming  clubs. 
Day  and  evening  schools  for  men  and  boys;  5  distinct 
pchools  in  day  department  and  evening  school  of  com- 


172  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

merce.  There  are  social  advantages  such  as  the  use  of 
parlors,  reading  rooms,  writing  rooms,  lunch  room, 
entertainments,  employment  bureau,  dormitory  rooms, 
restaurants,  billiards  and  pool.  Also  there  are  courses 
in  moral  and  religious  education.  The  association 
land  and  buildings  are  valued  at  over  $2,000,000. 
The  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.  at  153  La  Salle  St.,  in  the 
heart  of  the  downtown  district,  has  the  largest  mem- 
bership of  any  similar  association  in  the  country.  It  is 
an  exceedingly  busy  place  at  any  hour  of  the  day. 
Visitors  are  always  welcome. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association 

299  Michigan  Ave.  This  organization  provides  a 
home  for  working  girls  who  are  alone  in  the  city.  They 
pay  a  very  reasonable  sum  for  board  and  room  and  are 
carefully  looked  after  by  the  management  as  to  their 
comfort  and  given  something  approximating  home  life. 
An  agent  of  the  association  it  at  each  depot  to  meet 
unattended  girls  arriving  in  the  city  and  give  them 
needed  advice  and  direction.  Much  good  has  been 
accomplished  in  this  direction. 

CEMETERIES 

Arlington,  Lake  St.  and  Arlington  Ave. 

Bethania,  Archer  Ave.  and  Seventy-ninth  St. 

B'Nai  Abraham,  near  Waldheim. 

B'Nai  Sholom  Temple  Israel,  North  Clark  St,  and 
Graceland  Ave. 

Bohemian  National,  North  Fortieth  Ave.  and  W 
Foster  Ave. 

Brookside,  South  Elmhurst,  111. 

Calvary,  Evanston,  111. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  173 

Cemetery  of  North  Chicago  Hebrew  Congregation,  at 
Rosehill. 

Concordia,  Madison  St.  and  Desplaines  River. 

Crown  Hill,  Aurora,  Elgin  &  Joliet  Railway. 

Elm  Lawn,  West  Lake  St.  and  Melrose  Ave. 

Elmwood,  Grand  and  Beach  Aves. 

Forest  Home,  Desplaines  Ave.  and  Twelfth  St. 

Free  Sons  of  Israel,  Desplaines  Ave.  and  West  Six- 
teenth   St. 

German  Lutheran,  2280  North  Clark  St. 

Graceland,  North  Clark  St.  and  Graceland  Ave. 

Montrose,  North  Fortieth  and  Bryn  Mawr  Aves. 

Mt.  Auburn,  Oak  Park  and  Ogden  Aves. 

Mt.  Carmel,  Hillside  Station. 

Mt.  Greenwood,  W.  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  St 
and  Western  Ave. 

Mt.  Hope,  Grand  Trunk  R.  R. 

Mt.  Marriv,  N.  Sixty-fourth  Ave.  and  W.  Irving  Park 
Blvd. 

Mt.  Olive,  N.  Sixty-fourth  Ave.  and  W.  Irving  Park 
Blvd. 

Mt.  Olivet,  W.  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  St.  and 
Grand  Trunk  R.  R. 

Oak  Hill,  Kedzie  Ave.  and  W.   One   Hundred  and 
Nineteenth  St. 

Oakwoods,  Sixty-seventh  St.  and  Greenwood  Ave. 

Oakridge,  W.  Twelfth  St.  and  Oakridge  Ave. 

Ridgelawn,  N.  Fortieth  and  W.  Peterson  Aves 

Rosehill,  Milwaukee  Division  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. 

St.  Boniface,  N.  Clark  St.  arid  Lawrence  Ave. 
s.  St.  Henry's,  Devon  and  Ridge  Aves. 

St.  Joseph's,  River  Grove,  111. 

St.  Lukas',  3317  N.  Fortieth  Ave. 

St.  Maria,  Eighty-ninth  St.  and  Grand  Trunk  R.  R. 


174  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Union  Ridge,  Norwood  Park. 

Waldheim,  three  miles  west  city  limits.  Aurora, 
Elgin  &  Joliet  Ry. 

PARK  AND  BOULEVARD  SYSTEM 

Chicago  is  famous  for  her  extensive  and  highly  im- 
proved parks  and  boulevards,  few  American  cities  ex- 
celling the  metropolis  of  the  West  in  this  respect.  Else- 
where in  this  book  the  largest  of  the  parks,  such  as 
Lincoln,  Jackson,  Washington,  Garfield,  Douglas  and 
Humboldt  are  treated  at  length  (see  "Points  of  In- 
terest"). The  great  boulevards  of  the  city  encircle  the 
metropolis  and  connect  the  parks  and  squares.  These 
great  roads,  splendidly  paved  and  lined  with  trees  and 
ornamental  lamp  posts,  throughout  the  year  are  the 
favorite  highways  of  the  automobilists  and  during  the 
summer  months  are  gay  with  fine  equipages  of  all  de- 
scriptions. One  east  and  west  drive,  Jackson  Boulevard, 
connects  the  circuit  in  the  center  and  by  using  this 
street  it  is  possible  to  take  up  either  half  of  the  boulevard 
system  without  duplicating  routes. 

The  most  convenient  and  rapid  way  to  make  a  tour 
of  the  parks  is  by  automobile  following  the  pleasant 
course  of  the  boulevards  from  the  central  downtown 
district  either  north  or  south  and  completing  the 
itinerary  by  passing  over  the  great  West  Side  boulevard 
system.  It  should  not  be  forgotten,  however,  that  the 
six  great  parks  of  the  city  can  also  be  reached  very 
quickly  and  easily  by  means  of  the  surface  and  elevated 
railways  at  a  cost  no  greater  than  5  cents.  It  is  only 
that  the  ride  by  automobile  affords  a  more  intimate 
view  of  the  boulevards  with  their  fine  residences  and 
public-  buildings  and  of  the  more  obscure  portions  of  the 
parks  that  it  is  to  be  preferred. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  175 

The  Small  Park  and  Playground  System 

No  city  in  the  entire  world  has  equaled  the  achieve- 
ment of  Chicago  in  the  development  of  small  parks  and 
playgrounds  for  adults  and  children  during  the  last  few 
years.  In  1900  there  were  six  main  parks  and  about 
fifteen  small  public  parks  and  squares  but  there  was  not 
in  the  entire  city  one  single  bathing  beach  or  public 
playground.  Today  the  city  boasts  sixty-three  public 
neighborhood  centers  of  recreation  divided  as  follows: 
Thirty  small  parks  and  squares,  14  playgrounds,  17 
small  parks  and  playgrounds  combined  and  3  public 
bathing  beaches.  Truly  a  splendid  showing  when  one 
considers  the  length  of  time  consumed  in  accomplish- 
ment. The  public  park  work  is  under  four  separate 
and  distinct  heads,  namely:  the  South  Park  Commission 
with  full  authority  over  the  South  Side  park  system; 
the  Lincoln  Park  Commission  with  the  entire  North 
Park  System  under  its  control;  the  West  Park  Com- 
mission which  handles  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 
West  Side  system,  and  the  Special  Park  Commission, 
created  by  the  City  Council  a  few  years  ago  to  investigate 
the  need  for  small  parks  and  an  outerbelt  park  system. 
This  latter  commission  has  gradually  become  an  ad- 
ministrative as  well  as  a  promoting  body. 

Work  of  the  Special  Park  Commission 

This  body  has  been  very  active  in  small  park  work, 
particularly  in  establishing  playgrounds  and  bathing 
beaches.  It  has  established  twelve  city  owned  play- 
grounds, two  of  which  accommodated,  during  the  year 
1907,  1,602,730  boys  and  girls,  most  of  whom,  prior  to 
the  establishment  of  these  grounds,  had  no  other  acces- 
sible playground  except  the  streets  and  alleys  or  some 
vacant  lot.  Some  years  since  the  commission  was 


176  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

placed  in  charge  of  about  forty  small,  vacant  spaces 
scattered  about  the  city,  some  of  them  merely  a  plot 
covering  no  more  than  three  or  four  city  lots.  Since 
the  beginning  of  1907  it  has  converted  about  twenty  of 
these  spaces  into  playgrounds  for  children,  equipped 
with  swings,  ."teeters,"  horizontal  bars  and  other 
amusement  appliances  dear  to  Young  America's  heart. 
A  few  of  the  spaces  placed  in  charge  of  this  commis- 
sion were  already  indifferently  kept  parks.  These 
have  been  improved  and  beautified  until  they  now  are 
attractive  features  of  their  respective  neighborhoods. 
By  the  end  of  1909  many  more  of  the  spaces  at  the  com- 
mission's disposal  will  have  been  improved.  Aside 
from  this  work  the  special  commission  has  established 
three  bathing  beaches,  one  of  which,  by  reason  of  lake 
front  improvements,  has  been  abandoned  but  another 
will  be  opened  at  the  foot  of  Ohio  St.  and  ready  for  use 
in  1909.  The  number  of  people  using  these  beaches 
during  1907  was  450,000.  Swimming  contests  for 
prizes  are  held  and  there  is  a  life  saver  in  constant 
attendance.  During  1909  it  is  proposed  to  give  free 
swimming  lessons.  The  maintenance  of  these  beaches 
cost  the  city  only  $3,747.56  during  the  year  1907. 
Surely  an  insignificant  sum  when  it  is  considered  that 
nearly  half  a  million  people  enjoyed  their  privileges. 

Work  of  the  Regular  Park  Commissions 

Concisely  stated  the  main  work  of  the  park  commis- 
sions along  the  line  of  small  parks  and  playgrounds  is  in 
the  assembling  in  one  location  of  all  the  various  features 
for  recreation,  play  and  physical  culture,  that  were 
heretofore  found  scattered  about  in  different  localities; 
playground  in  one  place,  bathing  pool  in  another, 
swimming  pool  here  and  wading  pool  there.  Each  one 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  177 

of  these  features  supplements  the  other  and  no  one  is 
complete  without  all  other  features  at  hand.  The 
equipment  of  these  small  parks  consists  of  a  complete 
outdoor  playground  apparatus,  swimming  pool  with 
suitable  lockers  in  connection,  buildings  which  enclose 
indoor  gymnasiums  for  both  men  and  women,  locker 
rooms,  shower  baths,  plunge  baths,  clubrooms,  reading 
rooms,  refectories  and  an  assembly  hall  in  which  the 
public  may  gather  and  hold  meetings  for  any  moral 
purpose  except  religious  services  or  political  gatherings. 
This  equipment  varies  somewhat,  of  course,  accord- 
ing to  the  amount  of  ground  space  available.  There  is 
no  charge  for  the  use  of  the  assembly  hall  and  the  only 
supervision  is  the  requirement  of  proper  behavior  on 
the  part  of  the  users.  No  charge  is  made,  in  fact,  for  use 
of  any  of  the  park  privileges,  the  commissioners  even 
furnishing  bathing  suits,  towels  and  soap.  These  small 
parks  have  cost  a  great  deal  of  money  but  the  use  made 
of  them  by  the  people  more  than  justifies  the  expense 
of  their  creation  and  operation.  Many  times  the 
accommodations,  ample  as  they  seem,  are  totally  in- 
adequate to  meet  the  demand.  During  one  year  the 
facilities  of  the  small  parks  established  by  the  South 
Park  Commission  alone  were  used  by  more  than  five 
and  a  quarter  million  people.  As  illustrating  the  cost  of 
parks  of  this  character  Armour  Square,  ten  acres  in 
area,  may  be  cited.  This  park  cost  as  follows:  Land 
$50,000;  building,  swimming  pool  and  apparatus 
$94,000;  grading,  water  supply,  drainage,  etc.,  $76,000; 
total,  $220,000. 

South  Park  Commission 

This  body  has  established  the  following  small  parks 
to  date  and  has  acquired  four  more  sites  which  will  be 


178  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

improved  as  soon  as  possible,  when  it  is  hoped  the 
accommodations  will  be  much  more  nearly  adequate 
to  the  demand: 

Hardin  Square,  4.95  acres,  Wentworth  Ave.  and 
Twenty-fifth  St. 

Mark  White  Square,  11  acres,  Halsted  and  Twenty- 
ninth  Sts. 

Armour  Square,  10.12  acres,  Fifth  Ave.  and  Thirty- 
third  St. 

Park  No.  4,  7.81  acres,  Princeton  Ave.  and  Forty- 
fifth  Place. 

Cornell  Square,  11  acres,  Wood  and  Fiftieth  Sts. 

Russell  Square,  Bond  Ave.  and  Eighty-third  St. 

Sherman  Park,  60.60  acres,  Garfield  Blvd.  and  Center 
Ave. 

Ogden  Park,  60.54  acres,  Center  Ave.  and  Sixty- 
fourth  St. 

Hamilton  Park,  29.95  acres,  Seventy-second  St.  and 
Rock  Island  R.  R. 

Marquette  Park,  322.68  acres,  California  Ave.  and 
Sixty-seventh  St. 

Calumet~Park,39.99  acres,  Lake  Michigan  and  Ninety- 
ninth  St. 

Bessemer  Park,  22.88  acres,  Muskegon  Ave.  and 
Eighty-ninth  St. 

Palmer  Park,  40.48  acres,  South  Park  Ave.  and  One 
Hundred  and  Eleventh  St. 

Davis  Square,  10.03  acres,  Marshfield  Ave.  an^  Forty- 
fourth  St. 

Lincoln  Park  Commission  (North  Side) 

The  Lincoln  Park  Commission  has,  to  date,  been 
hampered  by  lack  of  adequate  funds  but  has  and  is  ex- 
pending half  a  million  of  dollars  on  the  three  small 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  179 

parks  now  under  way  or  completed.  It  is  expected 
that  before  long  the  commission  will  have  funds  to 
further  prosecute  the  work  when  more  small  parks  will 
be  established  in  the  congested  districts  of  the  North 
Side.  Those  now  underway  or  completed  are : 

Chicago  Avenue  Park,  7  acres,  Chicago  Ave.  and  the 
lake. 

Stewart  Park,  1.7  acres,  Sedgwick  and  Elm  Sts. 

Staunton  Park,  6  acres,  Halsted  and  Rees  Sts. 

These  three  parks  will,  when  all  are  completed,  cost 
approximately  $500,000.  They  lie  in  one  of  the  most 
congested  sections  of  the  city  and  will  accomplish  a 
splendid  work  in  providing  recreation  places  for  chil- 
dren of  a  district  too  far  away  to  benefit  from  Lincoln 
Park. 

West  Park  Commission 

The  West  Park  Commissioners  have  begun  the  work 
of  establishing  small  parks  and  have,  to  date,  three 
under  way  or  completed,  as  follows: 

Park  No.  1,  8  acres,  Chicago  Ave.  and  Noble  St. 

Park  No.  2,  (not  yet  completed)  Jefferson  St.  and 
Fourteenth  PI. 

Park  No.  3,  4  acres,  May  and  Twentieth  St. 

The  work  will  be  extended  by  the  West  Side  Park 
Commission  as  fast  as  funds  are  available. 

Outer  Belt  Park  System 

In  1903,  Cook  County,  the  City  of  Chicago  and  the 
various  park  boards,  joined  in  the  appointment  of  a 
commission  for  the  creation  of  an  "outer  belt  system" 
of  parks  and  boulevards  for  the  county  and  city.  The 
plan  as  proposed  by  this  commission  is  an  ambitious 
one  and  if  carried  out,  as  now  appears  likely,  would 
mean  the  inclusion  within  the  park  area  of  Chicago  of 


180  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

vast  territories  north,  south  and  west  of  the  city,  which 
in  themselves  possess  much  natural  beauty.  This  new 
park  district,  as  outlined  in  the  printed  report  of  the 
Special  Park  Commission  to  the  City  Council,  on  the 
subject  of  a  Metropolitan  Park  System,  involves  the 
acquisition  by  the  city  and  county  of  the  land  contigu- 
ous to  the  North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River,  north 
from  Lawrence  Ave.  to  the  county  line,  west  to  the  Dee 
Plaines  River  and  south  along  the  Des  Plaines  to  a 
point  below  Riverside;  thence  west,  south  and  east  to 
the  Calumet  River  and  Lake  Calumet  territory,  includ- 
ing the  lake  and  its  shores.  The  creation  of  many  new 
boulevards  and  small  parks  is  also  proposed  in  the 
report  of  the  special  commission.  The  establishment 
of  the  "outer  belt"  park  system  and  the  numerous  other 
parks  and  drives  as  now  contemplated  promises  to  place 
Chicago  in  the  front  rank  of  American  cities  in  respect 
to  park  area  and  improvement. 

Public  Bath  Houses 

Scattered  over  the  city  are  fourteen  public  bath 
houses  now  in  operation,  with  several  more  in  course  of 
construction.  These  houses,  which  are  named  after 
men  of  prominence  in  the  affairs  of  the  city,  were 
erected  and  are  maintained  by  the  city  government. 
Here  citizens  may  bathe  free  of  charge.  Certain  days 
are  set  apart  respectively  for  men,  women,  boys  and 
girls.  The  bath  houses  were  somewhat  ridiculed  when 
first  the  movement  was  started  but  now  are  very  pop- 
ular and  beyond  question  are  valuable  aids  in  maintain- 
ing the  average  health  of  the  city.  They  are,  of  course, 
patronized  largely  by  working  people  who  have  no 
baths  in  their  own  homes. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  181 

MONUMENTS  AND  STATUES 

Monuments  and  statues  are  not  over  plentiful  in 
Chicago,  a  city  which,  until  recent  years,  had  little  to 
boast  of  save  the  magnitude  of  its  commercial  enter- 
prises. Within  the  city,  however,  are  a  number  of 
statues  and  monuments  of  artistic  worth  and  those 
named  herein  are  of  sufficient  interest  to  repay  inspec- 
tion by  the  visitor  to  the  city.  With  a  few  exceptions 
these  are  to  be  found  in  the  public  parks. 

In  Lincoln  Park  probably  the  most  conspicuous 
example  of  American  sculpture  in  Chicago  confronts 
the  visitor  at  the  south  entrance  to  the  Park,  North 
Ave.  and  Clark  St.  This  is  Augustus  St.  Gauden's 
lifelike  representation  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  for  whom 
Lincoln  Park  was  named.  This  excellent  piece  of  work 
has  received  the  highest  approbation  of  authoritative 
critics  both  in  Europe  and  America.  Other  monu- 
ments in  Lincoln  Park  include  those  erected  in  honor  of 
Hans  Christian  Andersen,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Ulysses 
S.  Grant,  Beethoven,  Garibaldi,  Goethe,  La  Salle,  Linne", 
Schiller  and  Shakespeare.  Symbolic  pieces  entitled 
"The  Signal  of  Peace,"  and  "The  Alarm,"  also  adorn 
the  famous  North  Side  pleasure  ground. 

In  Humboldt  Park  are  monuments  to  Humboldt, 
Leif  Ericson,  Reuter  and  Kosciusko.  The  Hay  market 
Riot  policemen  heroes  are  commemorated  by  the  monu- 
ment first  erected  in  Haymarket  Square  but  since  re- 
moved to  Union  Park.  A  statue  representing  Carter 
H.  Harrison  also  is  one  of  the  features  of  this  park.  In 
Garfield  Park,  farther  out  on  the  West  Side,  are  the 
Victoria  and  Burns  monuments  and  in  Grant  Park,  on 
the  Lake  Front,  is  the  fine  equestrian  statue  of  John  A. 
Logan.  McKinley  Park  possesses  a  worthy  statue  of 
the  martyred  president  for  whom  it  was  named,  and 


182  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

at  the  foot  of  Thirty-fifth  St.  is  a  tall  marble  column 
surmounted  by  a  statue  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  An 
equestrian  statue  of  Washington  guards  the  north  en- 
trance to  Washington  Park  and  at  the  foot  of  Eight- 
eenth St.  is  the  well  known  monument  which  daily 
recalls  the  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre.  In  this  list  should 
be  included  the  Rosenberg  and  Drexel  Fountains, 
situated  respectively  in  Grant  Park  and  Drexel  Square, 
Drexel  Boulevard  and  Fifty-first  Street. 

B.  F.  Ferguson  Monument  Fund 

In  line  with  the  varied  plans  and  efforts  already  for- 
mulated and  under  way  for  "A  City  Beautiful,"  Mr 
Benjamin  F.  Ferguson,  a  wealthy  and  public  spirited 
citizen  of  Chicago,  left  the  city  a  notable  bequest,  which 
in  addition  to  its  direct  benefits,  will  no  doubt  stimu- 
late others  to  do  likewise,  and  it  will  not  be  long  until 
Chicago  is  as  well  known  for  civic  beauty  as  for  com- 
mercial pre-eminence. 

Mr.  Ferguson  in  his  will  stipulated  that  the  net  in- 
come of  his  bequest  of  $1,000,000  should  be  expended 
in  perpetuity,  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Art  Institute,  exclusively  in  the  erection 
and  maintenance  of  enduring  statuary  and  monuments, 
in  whole  or  part,  of  stone,  or  bronze,  in  the  parks,  along 
the  boulevards,  or  in  other  public  places,  within  the 
city  of  Chicago,  commemorating  worthy  men  or  women 
of  America  or  important  events  of  American  History. 
All  plans  or  designs  are  to  be  determined  by  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Institute. 

The  first  use  to  which  the  fund  is  to  be  put  is  for  the 
purchase  and  erection  of  a  beautiful  group  of  statuary, 
by  the  famous  Chicago  sculptor,  Lorado  Taft,  called 
"The  Great  Lakes."  This  group  is  to  surmount  and 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  183 

embellish  a  fine  fountain  which  will  probably  be  placed 
at  the  head  of  one  of  the  great  boulevards.  Each  of  the 
great  lakes  is  typified  by  a  separate  symbolic  figure. 

CHICAGO,  A  SUMMER  RESORT 

Chicago's  merits  as  a  Great  Central  Market,  as  a  con- 
vention city,  and  as  a  place  of  interest  to  the  casual 
visitor  at  any  time  of  the  year  have  been  widely  pro- 
claimed. As  a  result  a  constant  stream  of  merchants, 
delegates,  and  tourists  pours  into  the  city. 

It  is  only  of  recent  years  and  perhaps  with  not  quite 
the  same  degree  of  assurance  that  outsiders  have  begun 
to  hear  of  and  realize  the  claims  of  Chicago  as  an  ideal 
summer  resort,  when  as  a  matter  of  fact  too  much  can 
hardly  be  said  on  this  point. 

In  all  America  there  is  no  big  city  where  one  can  play 
and  rest  so  comfortably  during  a  summer  vacation,  and 
at  the  same  time  learn  so  much  without  really  going  to 
school,  as  here  in  Chicago,  one  of  the  world's  greatest 
ports,  although  a  thousand  miles  from  the  ocean.  On 
the  other  hand  the  University  of  Chicago  and  other 
institutions  offer  the  same  opportunities  for  serious 
study  of  the  arts,  sciences  and  literature  during  the 
summer  as  at  any  other  season,  opportunities  of  which 
teachers  and  students,  from  other  sections,  in  ever  in- 
creasing numbers  are  availing  themselves. 

To  the  visitor  from  the  lakeless  regions  of  the  West 
and  Southwest,  as  well  as  other  parts  of  the  country 
away  from  the  seaboard,  there  is  a  perpetual  fascina- 
tion in  the  ocean-like  expanse  of  Lake  Michigan,  with 
its  varying  moods  and  ever  shifting  colors.  Swift  pas- 
senger steamers  come  and  go,  smaller  pleasure  boats, 
both  sail  and  motor  driven,  are  everywhere  on  the  water 
front,  while  great  freight  steamships,  equal  in  size  to 


184  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

many  of  the  ocean  liners,  pass  on  their  way  to  or  from 
the  Calumet  River  district. 

Nearly  twenty-four  miles  of  lake  frontage  is  included 
in  the  city  limits  not  to  mention  the  courses  of  the 
Chicago  and  Calumet  Rivers  with  their  branches.  In 
addition  to  this  all  the  large  parks  have  artificial  lakes 
known  as  lagoons  of  considerable  area  and  an  abundant 
supply  of  row  boats.  Lincoln  Park  outer  lagoon  pro- 
vides facilities  for  speeding  in  racing  shells;  at  both 
Jackson  and  Lincoln  Parks  there  are  harbors  for  all 
sorts  of  pleasure  craft;  all  the  parks  and  Midway 
Plaisance  contain  tennis  courts,  and  most  of  them  have 
either  baseball  fields,  golf  courses  or  facilities  for  other 
forms  of  sport. 

The  broad,  level,  macadamized  avenues  and  boule- 
vards, throughout,  and  connecting  the  parks  one  with 
another,  and  all  with  the  downtown  district,  tempt  one 
to  automobile  rides  or  bicycling,  while  up  and  down  the 
shore  are  public  bathing  beaches,  privately  or  munici- 
pally owned,  ample  to  accommodate  all  who  enjoy  a 
good  swim  in  water  of  comfortable  temperature. 

During  the  summer  also  most  of  the  parks  offer 
special  attractions  in  the  way  of  band  concerts,  illumi- 
nated fountains,  etc.,  while  the  numerous  amusement 
parks  and  summer  gardens  offer  the  best  to  be  had  any- 
where in  attractions  of  that  type.  The  music  lover  at 
Ravinia  Park,  an  hour's  ride  from  the  center  of  the  city, 
can  hear  orchestral  music  of  the  highest  order.  At 
the  theaters,  while  there  are  not  so  many  meritorious 
attractions  as  during  the  winter,  one  or  two  good 
dramas  are  sure  to  be  playing  and  several  excellent 
productions  in  the  musical  comedy  or  comic  opera  line. 
<>  Facing  Grant  Park  and  the  lake  and  only  two  blocks 
from  the  great  retail  shopping  center  of  the  city  one 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  185 

may  obtain  accommodations  in  any  one  of  the  several 
hotels  among  the  very  finest  in  the  country.  Within  a 
mile  north  or  south  of  here  is  a  good  boarding  house 
district  (for  details  see  daily  papers)  while  both  on  the 
North  and  South  Sides  near  the  lake  and  out  from  the 
bustle  of  the  center  of  the  city  are  a  number  of  fine 
family  hotels.  If  one  should  wish  to  get  still  further 
out  into  more  rural  surroundings,  and  yet  within  easy 
reach  of  the  attractions  of  the  big  city,  the  suburban 
towns  of  Oak  Park,  Evanston,  Winnetka  or  Highland 
Park  each  have  their  special  attractions  and  offer 
accommodations  to  suit  all  tastes  and  purses. 

The  fault  finder  and  critic  who  never  finds  things  to 
suit  him,  will  by  this  time  be  saying  to  himself,  if  not  to 
others,  "All  these  things  may  be  very  fine,  but  I  am  not 
going  to  any  sweltering  hot  city  for  rest  and  recreation." 
Right  here  we  must  deny  his  implication  regarding  the 
heat  of  summer  in  the  Windy  City  and  state  most 
positively  that  Chicago's  delightful  summer  climate  is 
one  of  her  strongest  claims  to  favor  as  an  ideal  summer 
resort.  It  is  not  asserted  that  there  are  no  hot  days, 
but  a  heated  term  never  lasts  more  than  a  few  days  and 
is  tempered  by  lake  breezes  at  that,  while  the  general 
average  should  suit  the  most  critical. 

Following  are  the  Government  Weather  Bureau 
reports  for  the  last  five  years  covering  the  daily  mean 
temperature  (average  between  daily  maximum  and 
daily  minimum),  average  maximum,  and  average  mini- 
mum, during  June,  July  and  August,  which  will  give  a 
fair  idea  of  weather  conditions: 


186  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Daily  Mean  Temperature,  Chicago 

June  July  August 

1904 64.3  71.1  68.4 

1905 65.3  71.2  74.0 

1906 67.8  71.6  75.5 

1907 66.1  73.2  71.2 

1908 68.5  74.3  73.4 

Average  Daily  Maximum  Temperature,  Chicago 

June  July  August 

1904 71.1  77.8  75.3 

1905... 73.2  78.0  80.2 

1906 74.7  77.2  81.6 

1907 73.4  79.8  77.2 

1908 75.7  80.4  79.2 

Average  Daily  Minimum  Temperature,  Chicago 

June  July  August 

-904.. 57.4  64.3  61.3 

1905 57.5  64.4  67.8 

1906 61.2  65.9  69.6 

1907 59.0  66.8  65.1 

1908 611  68.2  67.0 

The  average  maximum  temperature  for  all  the  days 
in  August  for  20  years  past  is  77.3  and  the  average 
minimum  is  65.1.  The  highest  temperatures  recorded 
any  day  in  1908  were  93  in  June,  96  in  July,  and  94  in 
August.  1 

Lake  Michigan,  which  moderates  in  so  great  degree 
the  heat  of  summer,  also  mitigates  the  cold  of  winter. 
The  minimum  temperature  recorded  in  1908  was  2  in 
February,  while  the  average  minimum  for  January  and 
for  February  was  respectively  21.9  and  21.0. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  187 

On  the  hottest  day  that  ever  occurs  immediate  relief 
may  be  had  by  a  trip  on  one  of  the  big  excursion 
steamers,  which  cross  the  lake  several  times  a  day,  or 
shorter  trips  up  and  down  the  lake  shore  may  be  had  in 
smaller  boats.  A  trip  to  Manitou  Island  (at  the  head 
of  Lake  Michigan)  and  return,  stopping  along  the  way, 
is  a  delightful  experience. 

Within  three  hours  ride  by  train  from  Chicago,  in 
Indiana,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin  are  hundreds  of  beau- 
tiful small  lakes  affording  good  fishing,  boating  and 
bathing.  In  closing,  the  large  number  of  interurban 
electric  trolley  lines  radiating  from  Chicago  should  not 
be  forgotten.  They  make  fast  time,  have  fine  equip- 
ment, and  over  their  own  right  of  way,  often  take  one 
through  beautiful  districts  which  the  steam  railroads 
in  the  nature  of  things  cannot  cover. 

PHILANTHROPIC  INSTITUTIONS  IN  CHICAGO 

Chicago's  citizens  are  proverbially  charitable,  and  its 
philanthropic  institutions,  societies,  guilds  and  cor- 
porations of  a  semi-charitable  nature  cover  a  wide 
range.  There  are  16  institutions  which  furnish  aid  by 
providing  employment;  48  which  furnish  food,  fuel, 
clothing  and  general  relief;  38  day-nurseries  and  kin- 
dergartens; 13  fresh-air  charities;  4  institutions  which 
provide  legal  aid  and  advice  concerning  claims  for 
wages,  etc.;  9  which  provide  relief  for  foreigners;  5 
supplying  relief  for  soldiers,  sailors  and  their  widows 
and  orphans;  6  furnishing  relief  to  various  classes, 
callings  and  professions;  13  providing  care  for  sick  in 
their  homes;  37  asylums,  homes  and  cheap  lodgings  for 
children;  8  children's  societies  providing  homes  for 
children,  caring  for  sick  or  crippled  children,  etc.;  6 
children's  probation  courts,  probation  work  institutions 


188  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

and  agencies  for  the  reformation  of  children;  21  munici- 
pal, state  and  national  homes  for  destitute  adults;  22 
institutions  providing  situations  with  free  board  and 
cheap  meals  and  lodgings;  38  general  hospitals  which 
do  more  or  less  charitable  work;  12  convalescent  and 
special  hospitals,  sanitariums  and  special  dispen- 
saries; 37  free  dispensaries;  1  home  for  incurables;  9 
women's,  children's  and  lying-in  hospitals  and  women's 
and  children's  dispensaries;  21  training  schools  and 
homes  for  nurses;  7  societies  for  visitation,  diet,  and  aid 
for  sick  in  institutions;  3  schools  or  asylums  for  the 
blind;  1  school  for  the  deaf  and  13  public  schools  with 
instructors  for  the  blind  and  deaf;  5  institutions  fur- 
nishing care, relief,  outings, etc.,  for  crippled  children;  11 
institutions  for  the  insane,  feeble-minded  and  epileptics; 
6  agencies  for  the  reformation  of  men;  10  for  the  refor- 
mation of  women;  3  societies  for  the  improvement  of 
industrial  conditions;  23  social  settlements,  and  so  the 
list  might  be  continued  almost  indefinitely. 

A  few  of  the  more  important  philanthropic  institu- 
tions are  given  separate   mention  but  space  forbids 
describing  many  equally  meritorious  enterprises. 
Social  Settlements 

Social  Settlements  are  neighborhood  centers  estab- 
lished for  the  purpose  of  improving  the  condition  of  the 
surrounding  community  in  manner  of  living,  in  morals, 
in  social  condition  as  well  as  in  other  ways.  Also  they 
seek,  by  investigation  and  calling  public  and  official 
attention  to  wrongs,  to  improve  industrial  conditions 
as  well. 

There  are  23  of  these  institutions  in  the  city,  the 
two  oldest  being  Hull  House  and  Gads  Hill  Center,  both 
of  which  were  established  in  1889.  Chicago  Com- 
mons (established  1894)  is  second  only  in  importance 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  189 

to  Hull  House,  these  two  being  best  known  to  the  world 
at  large.  These  institutions  "seek  to  provide  a  center 
for  higher  civic  and  social  life,  to  maintain  religious, 
educational  and  philanthropic  enterprises  and  improve 
the  conditions  in  industrial  centers."  Gymnasiums, 
clubs,  classes,  coffee  houses,  workingmen's  clubs, 
theaters,  industrial  museums,  with  shops  for  various 
handicrafts,  women's  clubs,  cooking,  sewing  and  house- 
hold instruction,  penny  savings  banks  and  other  things 
of  like  nature  are  included  in  the  list  of  their  activities 
and  accomplishments. 

Abraham  Lincoln  Center,  Oakwood  Blvd.  and  Lang- 
ley  Ave.,  Cottage  Grove  car  to  Oakwood  Blvd.  and  walk 
west  to  Langley. 

Association  House,  575  W.  North  Ave.,  Milwaukee 
Ave.  car  to  North  Ave. 

Central  Settlement,  1409  Wabash  Ave.,  Cottage 
Grove  Ave.  car  to  door. 

Chicago  Commons,  Grand  Ave.  and  Morgan  St., 
Grand  Ave.  car  (in  Lake  St.)  to  door. 

Eli  Bates  House,  80  Elm  St.,  Larrabee  St.  car  to  Elm 
St. 

Elizabeth  E.  Marcy  Home,  134  Newberry  Ave., 
Twelfth  St.  car  to  Newberry  Ave. 

Fellowship  House  (formerly  Helen  Heath  Settle- 
ment), 869  Thirty- third  Place.,  Halsted  St.  car  to 
Thirty-third  PI. 

Forward  Movement,  305  W.  Van  Buren  St.,  Van 
Buren  St.  car  to  door. 

Frances  E.  Willard  Settlement,  133  S.  Morgan  St., 
"Harrison  and  Center"  car  to  door. 

Francis  E.  Clark  Settlement,  2014  Archer  Ave.,  State 
St.  or  Wentworth  Ave.  car  to  Archer  Ave. 


190  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Frederick  Douglas  Center,  3032  W  abash  Ave.,  South 
Side  Elevated  to  Thirty-first  St.  station. 

Gads  Hill  Center,  867  W.  Twenty-second  St.,  Blue 
Island  Ave.  car  to  Twenty-second  St.  and  transfer  to 
west  bound  Twenty-second  St.  car  or  walk  short  dis- 
tance west. 

Henry  Booth  House,  171  W.  Fifteenth  St.,  Halsted 
St.  car  to  Fifteenth  St. 

Hull  House,  335  S.  Halsted  St.,  Halsted  St.  car  to 
door. 

Institutional  Church  and  Social  Settlement  (colored), 
3825  Dearborn  St.,  State  St.  car  to  Thirty-eighth  St. 

Maxwell  Street  Settlement,  270  Maxwell  St ,  Halsted 
St.  car  to  Maxwell  and  walk  east. 

Neighborhood  House  Association,  Sixty-seventh  and 
May  Sts.,  Halsted  St.  or  Wentworth  Ave.  car  to  Sixty- 
third,  transfer  west  on  Sixty-third  to  Center  Ave.  and 
south  on  Center  Ave.  to  Sixty-seventh,  walk  east  one 
block. 

Northwestern  University  Settlement,  Noble  and 
Augusta  Sts.,  Milwaukee  Ave.  car  to  Augusta  St.,  and 
walk  west. 

Olivet  House,  44  Vedder  St.,  Halsted  St.  car  (north 
bound)  to  Vedder  St.  and  walk  east.  > 

Settlement  House  of  Armitage  Ave.,  783  Armitage 
Ave.,  Milwaukee  Ave.  car  to  Armitage  Ave.  and  transfer 
west  in  Armitage. 

Trinity  Mission,  155  E.  Eighteenth  St.,  State  St.  car 
or  South  Side  Elevated  to  Eighteenth  St. 

Tyng  Mission  Settlement,  Archer  Ave.  and  Twenty- 
first  St.,  Archer  Ave.  car  south  in  State  St. 

University  of  Chicago  Settlement,  4630  Gross  Ave., 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  191 

Wentworth  Ave.,  Halsted,  State  St.  or  Ashland  Ave. 
car  to  Forty-seventh  St.  and  transfer  west  on  Forty- 
seventh  to  Ashland  Ave. 

Beside  the  foregoing  list  there  are  many  institutional 
churches  and  missions  doing  a  great  deal  of  work  along 
the  same  lines  undertaken  by  the  Social  Settlements. 

Fresh  Air  Funds 

The  following  organizations,  as  a  part  of  their  phil- 
anthropic work,  or  as  their  sole  aim,  arrange  for  sum- 
mer outings  for  needy  or  sick  but  worthy  people. 

Chicago  Daily  News  Fresh  Air  Fund  and  Sanitarium, 
Lincoln  Park,  foot  of  Fullerton  Ave.,  N.  Clark  St.  car  to 
Fullerton  Ave. 

This  meritorious  enterprise  is  fostered  by  the  Chicago 
Daily  News  and  is  supported  by  voluntary  contribu- 
tions to  which  the  Daily  News  adds  liberally.  Its 
prime  object  is  the  care  of  sick  babies  and  children,  to 
which  is  added  the  giving  of  summer  outings  to  deserv- 
ing mothers  and  children.  The  sanitarium  building  is 
the  only  one  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  Its  location  is 
excellent,  the  structure  projecting  partly  over  the  lake. 
During  1907  the  sanitarium  received  8,811  sick  babies, 
7,466  mothers,  5,977  children  and  72,041  visitors. 

Camp  Goodwill,  Evanston,  Ills.,  Northwestern  Ele- 
vated; fare  10  cents. 

This  camp  entertains  poor  children  and  women 
selected  by  the  Chicago  Bureau  of  Charities,  the  Relief 
and  Aid  Society  and  the  Bethesda  Mission.  Guests 
remain  one  week.  Open  five  weeks  in  July  and  August 
of  each  year.  During  this  period  100  mothers  and 
their  children  are  provided  for  each  week. 

The  Chicago  Bureau  of  Charities  provides  summer 


192  G'UIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

outings  for  women  and  children.  During  the  year  1907 
outings  were  provided  for  13,600  individuals. 

The  Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society,  51  La  Salle  St., 
among  other  forms  of  philanthropy  conducts  fresh-air 
stations  for  sick  babies  during  the  summer  months. 

Gads  Hill  Encampment  Association.  This  organiza- 
tion, an  outgrowth  of  the  Gads  Hill  Settlement,  pro- 
vides summer  outings  for  poor  people  of  the  settlement 
district. 

La  Rabida  Sanitarium,  Jackson  Park,  foot  Sixty- 
fourth  St.,  South  Side  Elevated  to  Stony  Island  Ave. 
and  walk  across  park. 

The  structure  is  a  relic  of  the  World's  Fair,  being  a 
reproduction  of  La  Rabida  Convent  in  Spain,  which 
sheltered  Columbus  prior  to  the  voyage  which  resulted 
in  the  discovery  of  America.  It  is  utilized  during  three 
months  of  the  summer  for  the  care  of  sick  babies  from 
the  congested  sections  of  the  city. 

New  Lenox  Fresh  Air  Camp,  New  Lenox,  111.,  pro- 
vides one  week  outings  for  young  women  and  mothers 
with  infants.  It  is  a  branch  work  of  the  Chicago 
Deaconess'  Home. 

Volunteers  of  America.  This  organization  main- 
tains a  fresh-air  camp  near  Benton  Harbor,  Mich.,  for 
poor  mothers  with  sick  infants,  from  the  city  slums. 
Also  it  provides  outings  for  newsboys  and  street  waifs. 
The  camp  is  open  from  June  to  September. 

Day  Nurseries 

The  following  institutions  are,  or  maintain  as  a  part 
of  their  work,  nurseries  in  which,  for  a  fee  of  five  to  ten 
cents  per  day,  mothers  who  work  out  may  leave  their 
children  or  babies  to  be  cared  for  during  the  day: 

Bethesda  Day  Nursery,  133  S.  Morgan  St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  193 

Bethlehem  Day  Nursery,  Fifty-second  St.  and  Fifth 
Ave. 

Chicago  Hebrew  Mission,  407  Fourteenth  PI. 

Eli  Bates  House,  80  Elm  St. 

Elizabeth  Muriel  Day  Nursery,  Lincoln  St.  and  W. 
Twenty-second  PL 

Emeline  Thomas  Day  Nursery,  531  W.  Superior  St. 

Helen  Day  Nursery,  177  W.  Twelfth  PL 

Institutional  Church  and  Settlement  Day  Nursery, 
(colored),  3825  Dearborn  St. 

Little  Wanderer's  Day  Nursery,  197  Walnut  St. 

Margaret  Etter  Creche,  1421  Wabash  Ave. 

Marie  Day  Nursery,  2340  Wentworth  Ave. 

Matheon  Day  Nursery,  180  Grand  Ave. 

St.  Ann's  Day  Nursery,  333  S.  Loomis  St. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Day  Nursery,  655  N.  Ashland  Ave. 

St.  Mary's  Day  Nursery,  481  Wabash  Ave. 

Stockyards  District  Day  Nursery,  4758  Marshfield 
Ave. 

Worker's  Creche,  3007  Butler  St. 

Institutions  for  Children 

The  following  institutions  provide  relief,  homes  or 
practical  help  for  neglected  or  delinquent  children, 
their  varying  character  being,  for  the  most  part  indi- 
cated in  the  name: 

Allendale  Association,  Allendale  Farm,  Lake  Villa,  111. 
Provides  home  for  neglected  boys  between  the  ages  of 
Sand  13  years. 

Amanda  Smith  Industrial  Orphan  .Home  (colored), 
305  One  Hundred  Forty-seventh  St.,  Harvey,  111. 


194  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Angel  Guardian  German  Orphan  Asylum  (Roman 
Catholic),  401  Devon  St. 

Chicago  Boys  Club,  262  State  St. 

Chicago  Homes  for  Boys,  509  W.  Adams  St. 

Chicago  Foundlings  Home,  114  S.  Wood  St. 

Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless,  5059  Vincennes 
Ave 

Chicago  Home  for  Jewish  Orphans,  Sixty-second 
St.  and  Drexel  Ave. 

Chicago  Industrial  Home  for  Children,  Woodstock, 
111.,  office  14  N.  May  St. 

Chicago  Industrial  School  for  Girls,  4900  Prairie  Ave. 

Chicago  Nursery  and  Half-orphan  Asylum,  175 
Burling  St. 

Chicago  Orphan  Asylum,  1520  South  Park  Ave. 

Danish  Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum,  1183  N.  Maple- 
wood  Ave. 

Hephzibah  Children's  Home,  324  Lake  St.,  Oak  Park, 
111. 

Home  for  Jewish  Friendless  and  Working  Girls, 
Fifty-third  St.  and  Ellis  Ave. 

Illinois  Children's  Home  and  Aid  Society,  Room  601, 
79  Dearborn  St. 

Illinois  Industrial  School  for  Girls,  134  Clark  St. 

Illinois  Manual  Training  School  Farm,  Glenwood, 
111.,  Room  435,  113  Adams  St. 

Illinois  Masonic  Orphans'  Home,  447  Carroll  Ave. 

Junior  Business  Club,  428  Washington  Blvd.  A 
home  for  dependent  and  delinquent  boys.  Boys  with 
no  home  are  aided  in  securing  positions.  Runaways 
are  kept  until  their  parents  can  send  for  them. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  195 

Marks  Nathan  Jewish  Orphan  Asylum,  592  N.  Wood 
St. 

Parental  School,  St.  Louis  and  Berwyn  Aves.  Home 
for  dependent  children  of  minor  delinquencies. 

Visitation  and  Aid  Society,  717  Unity  Bldg.,  79 
Dearborn  St. 

Visiting  Nurse  Association 

Offices  at  79  Dearborn  St. 

This  organization,  incorporated  in  1890,  is  supported 
by  voluntary  contributions  of  philanthropically  in- 
clined citizens  and  is  an  agency  that  accomplishes  much 
good  amonq;  the  poor  of  the  city.  The  officers,  directors 
and  patronesses  of  the  association  are  women  promi- 
nent in  the  social  life  of  Chicago.  In  the  association 
are  four  nurses  supported  by  endowment  and  twenty 
by  special  subscription.  The  total  number  of  nurses 
employed  by  the  association  is  76.  The  consulting 
staff  of  physicians  and  surgeons  is  composed  of  members 
of  the  medical  profession  who  are  especially  prominent 
in  their  respective  fields  of  work.  During  the  year  19C7 
the  nurses  of  the  association  visited  14,981  patients, 
14,155  of  these  being  new  patients  not  before  called 
upon.  The  total  number  of  visits  made  during  the  year 
were  99,510.  In  addition  to  their  special  service  as 
nurses  other  deeds  of  charity  were  performed,  one  of 
these  being  the  giving  out  of  2,322  garments  for  des- 
titute persons.  Employment  was  found  for  248  in- 
dividuals who  were  out  of  work.  During  the  year 
persons  belonging  to  38  different  nationalities  were 
cared  for. 

The  purpose  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  is 
briefly  stated  in  section  2  of  its  charter:  "The  object  for 
which  it  is  formed  is  for  the  benefit  and  assistance  of 


196  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

those  otherwise  unable  to  secure  skilled  assistance  in 
time  of  illness;  to  promote  cleanliness  and  to  teach 
proper  care  of  the  sick;  and  to  establish  and  maintain 
one  or  more  hospitals  for  the  sick,  or  a  home  or  homes 
for  the  accommodation  or  training  of  nurses." 

Chicago  Tuberculosis  Institute 

51  La  Salle  St.,  near  Randolph  St.  The  object  of 
this  beneficent  organization  is  the  prevention,  treat- 
ment, and  study  of  consumption  and  other  forms  of 
tuberculosis. 

It  collects  and  distributes  exact  knowledge  in  regard 
to  the  causes,  prevention,  and  cure  of  the  disease.  It 
also  promotes  legislative,  and  other  measures,  for  the 
improvement  of  living  conditions,  and  prevention  of 
the  spread  of  consumption.  Further  preventive  work 
is  accomplished  by  means  of  an  educational  propaganda 
carried  on  in  a  variety  of  ways,  notably  through  illus- 
trated public  lectures. 

Direct  curative  results  are  obtained  through  the  work 
being  conducted  at  seven  free  dispensaries  located  as 
follows:  Chicago  Policlinic  Hospital  Dispensary,  174 
E.  Chicago  Ave.,  Central  Free  Dispensary,  Rush  Medi- 
cal College,  757  W.  Harrison  St.,  West  Side  Dispensary, 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Congress  and 
Honore  Sts.,  West  Side  Dispensary  of  Jewish  Aid  So- 
ciety, Morgan  and  Maxwell  Sts.  South  Side  Free  Dis- 
pensary, Northwestern  Univ.  Medical  School,  2431 
Dearborn  St.,  Hahnemann  Hospital  Free  Dispensary, 
2811  Cottage  Grove  Ave.,  Stockyards  Free  Dispensary, 
823  W.  Forty-seventh  St. 

These  dispensaries  are  open  at  stated  hours  two  days 
each  week.  From  sixteen  to  twenty  doctors  give  their 
services  in  this  connection  and  eight  nurses  are  in  at- 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  197 

tendance  during  consultation  hours.  At  other  hours 
their  whole  time  is  spent  in  visiting,  nursing,  and  giv- 
ing expert  advice  at  the  homes  of  consumptive  poor 
families. 

Through  the  generosity  of  Mrs.  E.  H.  Spalding,  an 
open  air  sanatorium  is  maintained  on  a  farm  at  Naper- 
ville,  111.,  about  an  hour's  ride  from  Chicago.  This 
place  has  a  capacity  of  only  30  beds,  which  are  con- 
stantly filled.  It  is  much  desired  to  greatly  enlarge 
this  part  of  the  work,  which  is  giving  splendid  results. 

Aside  from  the  endowment  mentioned,  the  work  of 
the  Institute  is  dependent  on  voluntary  contributions. 

Cook  County  Hospital 

Harrison  and  Wood  Sts.,  "Harrison  and  Center"  car 
to  door. 

The  Cook  County  Hospital  and  Morgue  covers  an 
entire  city  square.  In  size  and  the  vast  scope  of  its 
work  this  institution  is  notable.  It  was  established  in 
1874.  All  classes  of  cases,  both  surgical  and  medical, 
are  admitted  except  smallpox,  the  only  requirement 
being  that  the  patient  be  unable  to  pay  for  treatment. 
Everything  is  free.  There  is  a  staff  of  seventy  attend- 
ing physicians  and  surgeons,  forty-eight  house  physi. 
cians  (internes),  two  hundred  nurses  and  about  two  hun- 
dred and  forty  other  employes.  The  hospital  cares  for 
about  1,100  patients  daily,  the  total  number  of  cases 
for  the  year  1907  being  28,932.  The  average  cost  per 
patient  is  about  $1.00  per  day.  No  money  is  taken 
from  patients  for  treatment  of  any  sort,  the  hospital 
being  maintained  entirely  by  taxation.  The  County 
Morgue  is  just  to  the  rear  of  the  hospital  and  may  be 
viewed  freely. 

Immediately  surrounding  the  County  Hospital  are 


198  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

four  of  the  leading  medical  colleges  and  numerous  other 
hospitals. 

Contagious  Hospital 

Recently  a  new  contagious  disease  hospital  has  been 
established  by  the  city  health  department  at  Thirty- 
fourth  St.  and  Lawndale  Ave.  Only  cases  of  diphtheria 
and  measles  are  admitted  to  this  institution.  Smallpox 
cases  are  cared  for  at  the  Isolation  Hospital,  one  block 
south,  at  Lawndale  Ave.  and  Thirty-fifth  St. 

Chicago  Home  for  Incurables 

5535  Ellis  Ave.,  Cottage  Grove  car  to  Fifty-fifth, 
transferring  east  in  Fifty-fifth  to  Ellis  Ave. 

Cares  for  incurable  sick.  Admission  fee  is  fixed  in 
accordance  with  means  of  patient.  Average  number 
of  patients  275. 

Hospitals  and  Homes  for  Blind 

Illinois  Industrial  Home  for  the  Blind,  Southwest 
Blvd.  and  W.  Nineteenth  St.,  Douglas  Park  branch  of 
Metropolitan  Elevated  to  Douglas  Park  station. 

State  Institution.  Gives  employment  and  home  to 
blind  adults.  In  many  of  the  Chicago  public  schools 
there  are  special  teachers  for  the  blind  and  the  deaf. 

Schools  and  Asylums  for  Cripples 

Home  for  Destitute  and  Crippled  Children,  46  Park 
Ave.,  Lake  St.  Elevated  to  Wood  St.,  walk  one  block 
south. 

Provides  home  and  gives  education  and  training  to 
destitute  crippled  boys  between  ages  of  3  and  12  and 
girls  3  to  15.  Supported  by  voluntary  contributions. 

Outing  and  Luncheon  Association,  Lake  and  Eliza- 
.beth  Sts.,  Lake  St.  surface  car  to  Elizabeth  St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  199 

Provides  outings  for  crippled  children  during  sum- 
mer, hot  dinner  during  school  year,  clothing  and  other 
necessities  to  enable  them  to  secure  an  industrial  educa- 
tion. Supported  by  voluntary  contributions. 

St*.  Joseph's  Home  for  Aged  and  Crippled,  Hamlin 
and  Schubert  Aves.,  Milwaukee  Ave.  car  to  Diversey 
Ave.  and  transfer  to  Hamlin,  walk  one  block  south. 

For  Polish  residents  over  14  years  of  age.  Conducted 
by  Sisters  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Francis. 

School  for  Crippled  Children  (Public),  Lake  St.  be- 
tween Ann  and  Elizabeth  Sts.,  Lake  St.  surface  car  to* 
door. 

Relief  for  the  Insane,  Feeble-minded  and  Epileptic 

Cook  County  Detention  Hospital,  Wood  and  Polk 
Sts.,  Douglas  Park  branch  of  the  Metropolitan  Ele- 
vated to  Polk  St.  and  walk  one  block  west. 

County  Institution,  sustained  by  taxation. 

Cook  County  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  This  institu- 
tion is  at  Dunning  where  other  county  institutions  are 
located. 

Treatment  of  Delinquent  Adults 

Bible  Rescue  Home,  236  Warren  Ave.,  Madison  St. 
car  to  Robey  St.,  walk  one  block  north  to  Warren  Ave. 

Gives  temporary  shelter  to  unfortunate  men  who 
wish  to  lead  better  lives.  Provides  employment  for 
them  in  home  until  situation  can  be  secured. 

House  of  Correction  (The  Bridewell),  Twenty-sixth 
St.  and  California  Ave.,  Blue  Island  Ave.  car  to  door. 

City  prison  for  idle  and  disorderly  persons  over  16 
years  of  age. 

John  Worthy  School.     Affiliated  institution  with  the 


200  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

House  of  Correction.  Confines  incorrigible  youths 
under  16  years  of  age.  Also  teaches  them  industrial 
pursuits  and  works  for  their  reformation. 

There  are  several  other  organizations  in  Chicago  for 
the  care  and  reformation  of  men. 

Juvenile  Court 

Located  at  202  Ewing  St.,  near  corner  of  Halsted 
St.  Take  Madison  St.  car  and  transfer  south  on  Hal- 
sted St. 

The  Juvenile  Court  of  Chicago,  a  comparatively 
recent  institution,  aims  to  lessen  juvenile  crime  and  mis- 
demeanors by  reserving  for  the  hearing  of  cases,  where 
children  are  charged  with  infractions  of  the  law,  a  court 
entirely  separate  from  those  wherein  are  held  trials  of 
older  and  more  hardened  criminals.  The  cases  that 
come  up  most  frequently  for  decision  in  the  Juvenile 
Court  are  those  which  involve  the  dependency  and  de- 
linquency of  minors,  truancy  and  a  few  more  serious 
charges  which  result  in  the  offenders  being  held  to  the 
grand  jury  of  Cook  County.  Largely  the  result  of  these 
cases  is  that  the  youthful  criminals  are  released  on  pro- 
bation and  are  kept  under  the  surveillance  of  an  officer 
of  the  court  until  the  end  of  the  probationary  period. 
Much  good  has  resulted  from  the  adoption  of  this  plan, 
statistics  indicating  that  by  means  of  the  newer  and 
more  humane  method  juvenile  crime  has  greatly  de- 
creased. 

In  1906  the  total  number  of  dependent  children  com- 
ing before  the  Juvenile  Court  was  2,194,  of  which 
number  1,237  were  boys  and  957  girls.  Of  delinquent 
boys  the  number  of  cases  heard  during  the  same  period 
was  2,131  and  of  girls  464.  The  total  number  of  de- 
linquents put  on  probation  was  1,331  and  of  dependents 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  201 

746.  Seven  hundred  and  ninety-nine  delinquents  were 
sent  to  institutions  and  similar  disposal  was  made  of 
1,384  dependents.  Cases  dismissed  included  435  de- 
linquents and  61  dependents.  Seventeen  boys  were 
held  to  the  grand  jury  and  280  new  cases  of  truancy 
were  heard. 

Agencies  for  the  Reformation  of  Women 

Beulah  Home  and  Maternity  Hospital,  959  N.  Clark 
St.,  N.  Clark  St.  car  to  door. 

Florence  Crittenden  Anchorage,  2615  Indiana  Ave., 
Indiana  Ave.  car  to  door. 

Martha  Washington  Home,  Irving  Park  Blvd.  and 
Western  Ave.,  Lincoln  Ave.  car  to  Irving  Park  Blvd. 
and  transfer  west  to  Western  Ave. 

The  Salvation  Army  and  Volunteers  of  America 
maintain  institutions  in  aid  of  women,  as  also  for  men. 

Miscellaneous 

Associated  Jewish  Charities  of  Chicago,  Room  1328 
108  La  Salle  St.  Established  1900;  collects,  adminis- 
ters and  distributes  the  contributions  of  Jews  and  others 
of  Chicago  in  aid  of  the  Jews  of  the  city. 

Bureau  of  Personal  Service,  531  Union  St.  This 
institution  provides  legal  aid  to  needy  Jews. 

Chicago  Boys  Club,  262  State  St.,  near  Van  Buren  St. 

This  establishment  was  launched  in  1901,  incor- 
porated 1902,  and  is  for  the  "moral,  mental  and  phy- 
sical development  of  street  boys."  between  the  ages  of 
8  and  14  years.  Average  annual  attendance  exceeds 
25,000.  Maintains  manual  training  classes,  gymna- 
sium, printing  room,  employment  bureau,  free  baths, etc- 

Chicago  Girls  Club,  404  State  St. 


202  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

This  club  (established  1905)  is  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Chicago  Boys  Club  promoters  Girls  from  the 
slums  between  the  ages  of  6  and  14  years  are  taught 
Clements  of  housekeeping  such  as  mending,  cooking, 
.sewing,  etc. 

Chicago  Bureau  of  Charities,  Room  401,  158  Adams 
St.,  Rand-McNally  Bldg. 

This  is  Chicago's  principal  charitable  organization 
and  its  range  of  activities  cover  practically  the  entire 
field  of  donative  help.  It  is  undenominational  and 
places  chief  emphasis  on  the  development  of  the  natural 
resources  and  powers  of  the  applicant  through  the  help 
•of  trained  social  workers.  It  stands  for  intelligent 
co-operation  among  all  charitable  agencies  of  the  city 
and  maintains  active  working  relations  with  about  five 
hundred  churches,  charities,  settlements,  schools  and 
other  organizations.  Provides  material  relief  im- 
mediately in  emergency  cases  followed  by  an  attempt 
to  readjust  the  affairs  of  the  individual  so  as  to  restore 
his  or  her  independence.  Maintains  ten  district  offices 
in  order  to  reach  all  parts  of  the  city  promptly  and 
effectively.  It  stands  in  relation  to  every  worthy 
charitable  and  philanthropic  effort,  collective  or  indi- 
vidual, much  as  the  clearing  house  stands  to  the  banks. 
Through  this  agency  definite  information  can  be 
promptly  secured  as  to  the  real  needs  and  worthiness 
of  any  individual  or  family  apparently  requiring  help. 
Supported  wholly  by  contributions  and  expends  more 
than  $50,000  annually. 

Chicago  Relief  and  Aid  Society,  51  La  Salle  St. 
Does  a  comprehensive  work  for  needy  families  in  their 
own  homes,  its  central  idea  being  the  preservation  of 
the  family.  Relief  in  the  form  of  food,  clothing,  fuel 
or  money  is  given,  when  by  so  doing  this  end  will  be 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  203 

served.  Works  in  thorough  harmony  with  the  Chicago 
Bureau  of  Charities  in  such  way  as  to  avoid  all  dupli- 
cation of  effort.  In  1908  20,000  persons  were  aided. 

Legal  Aid  Society  of  Chicago,  Room  411, 158  Adams 
St. 

This  institution  provides  legal  aid  free,  to  the  needy. 
Its  avowed  object  is  to  "assist  in  securing  protection  • 
against  injustice  for  men,  women  and  children  who  are 
unable  to  protect  themselves." 

Municipal  Lodging  House,  10  North  Union  St. 

Lodging,  bath  and  food  provided  by  the  city  for 
deserving  poor  temporarily  out  of  employment.  Full 
description  under  "Points  of  Interest." 

HOSPITALS  OF  CHICAGO 

Alexian  Brothers,  Belden  and  Racine  Aves. 
Augustana,  480  Cleveland  Ave. 
Belden  Avenue  Hospital,  464  Belden.  Ave. 
Beulah  Home  and  Maternity  Hospital,  963  N.  Clark 
St. 

Bohemian,  646  S.  California  Ave. 

Chicago  Baptist,  3410  Rhodes  Ave. 

Chicago  Charity,  2407  Dearborn  St. 

Chicago  City  Infant,  191  La  Salle  Ave. 

Chicago  Eye  and  Ear,  Room  819,  31  Washington  St. 

Chicago  Homeopathic,  354  S.  Wood  St. 

Chicago  Hospital,  452  Forty-ninth  St. 

Chicago  Lying-in,  294  Ashland  Blvd. 

Chicago  Maternity,  1033  N.  Clark  St. 

Chicago  Polyclinic  and  Hospital,  174  Chicago  Ave. 

Chicago  Tuberculosis  Institute,  51  La  Salle  St. 


204  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Chicago  Union  Hospital,  1492  Wellington  St. 
Children's  Memorial,  606  Fullerton  Ave. 

Columbia  Hospital  and  Training  School,  4607  Cham- 
plain  Ave. 

Columbus,  145  Lake  View  Ave. 

Cook  County,  Harrison  and  Wood  Sts. 

Detention,  Polk  and  Wood  Sts. 

Englewood,  6001  Green  St. 

Evangelical  Deaconess  Hospital,  88  Wisconsin  St. 

Frances  E.  Willard,  National  Temperance  Hospital, 
343  S.  Lincoln  St. 

Garfield  Park  Sanitarium,  1776  Washington  Blvd. 

German- American,   1619  Diversey  Blvd. 

German,  754  Hamilton  Court. 

Grace,  167  S.  Sangamon  St. 

Hahnemann,  2814  Groveland  Ave. 

Henrotin  Memorial,  La  Salle  Ave.  and  Oak  St. 

Illinois  Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  227  W. 
Adams  St. 

Isolation,  Lawndale  Ave.  and  Thirty-fifth  St. 

Jefferson  Park  Polyclinic,  481  W.  Monroe  St. 

Lake  View,  1728  Belmont  Ave. 

Lakeside,  4147  Lake  Ave. 

Marion-Sims,  438  La  Salle  Ave. 

Mary  Thompson,  West  Adams  and  Paulina  St. 

Memorial  Institute  for  Infectious  Diseases,  762  W. 
Harrison  St. 

Mercy,  Calumet  Ave.  and  Twenty-sixth  St. 

Michael  Reese,  Twenty-ninth  St.  and  Groveland  Ave. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  205 

Monroe  St.  Hospital,  1044  W.  Monroe  St. 
Northwest  Sanitarium,  401  Wilson  Ave. 

Norwegian  Lutheran  Deaconess  Home  and  Hospital, 
Haadon  Ave.  and  Leavitt  St. 

Norwegian  Tabitha  Hospital,  Francisco  Ave.  and 
Thomas  St. 

Park  Avenue  Hospital,  175  Park  Ave. 

Passevant  Memorial,  192  Superior  St. 

Peoples,  Twenty-second  St.  and  Archer  Ave. 

Post  Graduate,  Dearborn  and  Twenty-fourth  Sts. 

Presbyterian,  Congress  and  Wood  Sts. 

Provident,  Thirty-sixth  and  Dearborn  Sts. 

Ravenswood,  499  Wilson  Ave. 

Roosevelt,  805  W.  Monroe  St. 

St.  Ann's,  Forty-ninth  Ave.  and  Thomas  St. 

St.  Anthony  De  Padua,  W.  Nineteenth  St.  and  Mar- 
shall Blvd. 

St.  Bernard's,  6337  Harvard  Ave. 

St.  Elizabeth's,  Claremont  Ave.  and  LeMoyne  St. 

St.  Joseph's,  Garfield  Ave.  and  Burling  St. 

St.  Luke's,  1416  Indiana  Ave. 

St.  Mary's  of  Nazareth,  545  N.  Leavitt  St. 

South  Chicago,  730  Ninety-second  PI. 

Streeter,  2646  Calumet  Ave.          ., 

Swedish  Covenant,  250  W.  Foster  Ave. 

U.  S.  Marine,  Clarendon  Ave. 

University,  W.  Congress  and  Lincoln  Sts. 

Washington  Park,  Vernon  Ave.  and  Sixtieth  St. 

Wesley,  2449  Dearborn  St. 


206  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

West  Side,  819  W.  Harrison  St. 

Women's  Hospital,  Rhodes  Ave.  and  Thirty -second 
St. 
Emergency  Hospitals 

Eastern  Emergency  Hospital,  334  W.  Monroe  St. 

National  Emergency  Hospital,  533  N.  Wells  St. 

West  Side  Emergency  Hospital,  402  Washington 
Blvd. 

Relief  Station  No.  1,  129  Harrison  St. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM 

The  public  school  system  of  Chicago  consists  of 
graded  schools,  high  schools,  evening  schools,  cor- 
porate or  county  schools  (industrial  schools,  reforma- 
tories, orphan  asylums,  etc.,  see  -'Philanthropic  Insti- 
tutions"), the  Chicago  Normal  School,  Normal  Practice 
School,  Yale  Practice  and  the  Parental  Schools.  In 
the  list  of  High  Schools  in  Chicago  those  offering  special 
instruction  are  the  Crane  Manual  Training  School,  the 
Hoyne  Manual  Training,  South  Division  Manual  Train- 
ing and  the  Lane  Technical  High  School,  the  latter  just 
completed  (1908).  The  total  number  of  high  schools  in 
the  city  is  19  and  of  graded  schools  281.  New  school 
buildings  constantly  are  being  added  to  the  large  num- 
ber in  the  city  yet  complaint  frequently  is  heard  of  the 
inadequacy  of  the  accommodations.  The  total  enroll- 
ment of  pupils  in  the  schools  of  the  city  for  the  year 
1906-7  was  286,766.  Public  school  instruction,  as 
already  noted,  is  also  provided  for  the  blind,  deaf, 
crippled  and  delinquent. 

The  entire  system  is  under  control  of  the  Board  of 
Education  whose  headquarters  are  in  the  Tribune  Build- 
ing, Dearborn  and  Madison  Sts.  It  embraces  every 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  207 

phase  of  school  life,  from  kindergartens  and  truant 
schools  to  high  schools,  academies  and  institutions  for 
advanced  training  in  the  arts  and  sciences. 

A  compulsory  school  law  is  enforced  by  a  corps  of 
truant  officers.  All  children  under  14  are  compelled  to 
attend  school,  except  in  special  cases  where  permits  are 
issued  to  allow  them  to  work.  Free  evening  and  vaca- 
tion schools  are  maintained  by  the  city  which  are  largely 
attended  by  young  men  and  girls  employed  during  the 
day.  The  total  number  of  teachers  employed  is  more 
than  6,000.  The  annual  expenditure  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  Chicago  public  school  system  is  approxi- 
mately $8,000,000. 

COLLEGES,  UNIVERSITIES  AND  SEMINARIES 

The  list  appended  hereto  gives  only  in  part  the  numer- 
ous educational  institutions  coming  under  this  general 
head  that  are  to  be  found  in  Chicago.  These  are,  how- 
ever, representative  schools  and  the  list  contains  the 
names  of  the  largest  and  best  known  of  the  literary, 
theological  and  technical  schools  of  the  city.  For  a 
complete  list  refer  to  the  front  pages  of  the  Chicago 
City  Directory. 

Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  Armour  Ave.  and 
Thirty-third  St. 

Association  Institute,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  153  La  Salle  St. 

Baptist  Union  Theological  Seminary  (Divinity  School 
University  of  Chicago),  Ellis  Ave.  and  Fifty-eighth  St. 

Brooks  Classical  School  for  Girls,  491  W.  Adams  St. 

Chicago  Hebrew  Institute,  W.  Taylor  and  Lytle  Sts. 

Chicago  Institute  of  Social  Science,  180  Grand  Ave. 

Chicago  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary,  1311  Shef- 
field Ave. 


208  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Chicago  Musical  College,  202  Michigan  Ave. 

Chicago  Normal  School,  South  Normal  Parkway. 

Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  (Congregational)  81 
Ashland  Blvd. 

De  La  Salle  Institute,  Wabash  Ave.  and  Thirty-fifth 
St. 

Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  (Methodist)  Evanston. 

Hebrew  Literary  Institute,  47  Johnson  St. 

Holy  Family  Academy,  130  W.  Division  St. 

Jewish  Training  School  of  Chicago,  199  W.  Twelfth  PI. 

Lewis  Institute,  Madison  and  Robey  Sts. 

McCormick  Theological  Seminary  (Presbyterian), 
1060  N.  Halsted  St. 

Moody  Bible  Institute,  232  La  Salle  Ave. 

Northwestern  University,  Evanston. 

St.  Ignatius  College,  413  W.  Twelfth  St. 

St.,  Viateur's  Normal  Institute,  Belmont  and  N.  For- 
tieth Aves. 

Theological  Seminary  of  the   Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church,  1301  Sheffield  Ave. 
'University  of  Chicago,  Midway  Plaisance. 

Western  Theological  Seminary,  (Episcopal)  1113 
Washington  Blvd. 

MEDICAL   PROFESSION   AND   MEDICAL   SCHOOLS 

Chicago  ranks  second  to  none  of  the  cities  of  the 
United  States  as  a  center  for  medical  schools  and  ad- 
vancement in  medical  science.  There  are  numerous 
institutions  in  the  city  for  the  inculcation  of  medical 
knowledge,  three  of  which  are  affiliated  with  prominent 
universities,  namely,  Rush  Medical  College,  the  medical 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  209 

school  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  affiliated  with  the  University  of 
Illinois  and  Northwestern  Univ.  Medical  School,  the 
medical  department  of  Northwestern  Univ.  at  Evans- 
ton.  Schools  for  post-graduate  work  are  numerous 
and  colleges  that  specialize  in  different  lines  are  to  be 
found  in  many  quarters,  equipped  with  the  most 
modern  laboratories  and  headed  by  faculties  composed 
of  men  whose  names  are  famous  throughout  the  coun- 
try. In  the  allied  fields  of  pharmacy  and  dentistry 
there  are  also  a  number  of  schools  offering  the  best  of 
instruction. 

In  original  scientific  medical  research  and  the  most 
advanced  surgical  methods  the  physicians  of  Chicago 
.stand  unrivalled  in  this  country  and  many  of  them  have 
received  high  honors  in  England,  Germany,  France  and 
other  countries  of  the  old  world.  Thousands  of  stu- 
dents constantly  are  in  attendance  at  the  medical 
schools  of  Chicago  and  the  dental  and  pharmaceutical 
colleges,  likewise,  are  liberally  supplied  with  beginners  in 
the  pursuit  of  knowledge  in  those  lines.  A  list  of  the 
leading  medical,  pharmaceutical  and  dental  schools  of 
the  city  follows: 

American  Medical  Missionary  College,  28  Thirty- 
third  PI. 

Bennett  Medical  College,  412  Fulton  St. 

Chicago  Clinical  School,  819  W.  Harrison  St. 

Chicago  College  of  Ophthalmology  and  Otology,  126 
State  St. 

Chicago  Eye,  Ear,  Nose  and  Throat  College,  206  E. 
Washington  St. 

Chicago  Homeopathic  Medical  College,  354  S.  Wood 
St. 


210  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Chicago  Ophthalmic  College,  103  State  St. 

Chicago  College   of   Dental   Surgery,    Harrison   and 
Wood  Sts. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  (Univ.   of  111.), 
Congress  and  Honore  Sts. 

Hahnemann  Medical  College,  2811  Cottage  Grove  Ave. 

Harvey  Medical  College,  169  S.  Clark  St. 

Hering  Medical  College,  350  S.  Wood  St. 

Illinois  Medical  College,  Halsted  St.  and  Washington 
Blvd. 

Jenner  Medical  College,  196  Washington  St. 

Northwestern  University  Medical  School,  2431  Dear- 
born St. 

Northwestern  University  College  of  Dental  Surgery, 
103  State  St. 

Northwestern  University  Dental  School,  Dearborn 
and  Lake  Sts. 

Northwestern  University  School  of  Pharmacy,  2421 
Dearborn  St. 

Post  Graduate  Medical  School,  2400  Dearborn  St. 

Rush  Medical  College,  Harrison  and  Wood  Sts. 

University  of  Illinois  School  of  Dentistry,  813  W. 
Harrison  St. 

University  of  Illinois  School  of  Pharmacy,  465  State 
St. 

CHICAGO  POLICE  DEPARTMENT 

The  police  department  of  Chicago,  notwithstanding 
the  fact  that  the  number  of  its  members  is  small  when 
the  vast  area  of  the  city  is  considered,  is  a  fine  body  of 
men  and,  in  the  main,  is  a  thoroughly  efficient  organiza- 
tion. A  Civil  Service  Board  controls  the  force,  which 


GUIDE  TO  CHCIAGO  211 

now  is  composed  of  4,300  members,  and  maintains  an 
effective  discipline  within  its  ranks.  Insufficient  ap- 
propriation for  maintenance  of  the  department  at 
highest  efficiency  has  prevented  that  degree  of  per- 
fection which  it  otherwise  might  have  attained,  but 
yearly  marked  improvement  is  noted  and  it  is  only  a 
matter  of  a  brief  period  until  Chicago  will  become  one 
of  the  best  policed  cities  in  the  country. 

Some  idea  of  the  great  expense  necessary  to  maintain 
the  police  department  of  Chicago  is  gained  from  the 
statement  that  for  the  eleven  months  preceding  De- 
cember, 1908,  the  salaries  of  the  members  of  the  depart- 
ment aggregated  $4,859,933.  Miscellaneous  expenses 
during  this  period  amounted  to  $264,063,  making  a, 
total  expenditure  of  $5,160,096  for  the  eleven  months. 
It  was  estimated  that  the  appropriation  of  $5,750,000 
for  the  year  1908  would  be  entirely  consumed  by 
January  1,  1909.  In  addition  to  the  appropriation  for 
salaries  and  miscellaneous  expenses  the  department  paid 
out  during  the  year  $240,000  for  new  buildings  and 
$150,000  for  a  lot  at  Madison  St.  and  the  river  on  which 
it  is  intended  to  erect  a  new  police  station  at  a  cost  of 
$750,000.  This  structure  will  take  the  place  of  the 
famous  old  Harrison  Street  Station,  known  in  police 
circles  the  world  over.  It  is  also  the  intention  to  install 
in  the  new  building  the  Central  Detail  station,  Bureau 
of  Identification,  Detective  Bureau,  office  of  the  Assist- 
ant Superintendent  of  Police  and  office- of  the  Secretary 
of  Police. 

The  police  department  includes  one  General  Super- 
intendent, one  Assistant  General  Superintendent,  Cap- 
tain of  Detective  Bureau,  Captain  of  Mounted  Police, 
70  police  Lieutenants,  316  police  Sergeants,  one  Sec- 
retary of  Police,  one  Chief  Clerk  and  one  Custodian. 


212  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

There  are  forty-five  police  stations  in  the  city  which 
are  under  the  supervision  of  seven  Inspectors  of  Divi- 
sions and  sixteen  Captains  of  Divisions.  The  Mounted 
Squad  consists  of  seventy  men  under  their  own  Captain. 
Under  the  Assistant  Superintendent  is  a  Gambling 
Detail  of  eight  men,  and  Captains  of  Police  supervise 
the  work  of  the  Detective  Bureau  and  the  Bureau  of 
Identification.  In  charge  of  the  police  department 
also  is  the  Dog  Pound,  the  Municipal  Lodging  House 
and  the  Bureau  of  Firearms,  the  last  named  exercising 
a  rigid  supervision  over  the  sale  and  licensing  of  fire- 
arms of  all  descriptions.  Other  subdivisions  are  the 
Pawnshop  Detail,  the  Vehicle  Department  and  Auto- 
mobile Registry.  The  Murder  Bureau  is  under  the 
direct  supervision  of  the  Assistant  Superintendent  of 
Police.  The  Theater  Detail  exercises  censorship  over 
theatrical  plays,  shows  and  amusements  in  general. 

A  feature  of  the  police  department  is  the  "Beauty 
Squad,"  consisting  of  sixty  men  selected  from  the  entire 
department  for  their  excellent  physical  proportions  and 
fine  appearance.  The  "Beauty  Squad"  is  kept  under 
constant  special  drill  and  on  certain  occasions  is  em- 
ployed as  escort,  thereby  reflecting  honor  and  credit  on 
the  city  and  the  department. 

Comparatively  a  recent  innovation,  the  Mounted 
Squad  already  has  demonstrated  its  great  usefulness  in 
the  regulation  of  traffic  in  the  congested  streets  of  the 
Loop  district.  -Working  harmoniously  in  conjunction 
with  the  mounted  officers  are  the  Crossing  Policemen, 
two  of  whom  are  stationed  at  the  busiest  corners  down- 
town. The  crossing  men  wear  white  gloves  and  have 
discarded  the  club  for  a  whistle,  employed  for  signals 
in  regulating  vehicle  traffic.  A  great  improvement  has 
been  noted  since  the  introduction  of  the  new  system 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  213 

and  the  crowded  streets  have  been  made  much  safer  for 
the  pedestrian.  The  mounted  officers  have  given  proof 
of  their  efficiency  and  usefulness  in  many  instances, 
notably  in  stopping  runaway  horses  and  in  overtaking 
fleeing  criminals  who  had  outdistanced  officers  on  foot. 
The  new  type  of  crossing  policemen  and  the  mounted 
officer  have  served  to  increase  the  usefulness  of  the 
Chicago  police  department  to  a  very  marked  degree. 
The  yearly  average  number  of  arrests  made  by  the 
department  is  about  90,000. 

AMBULANCE  SERVICE 

The  city  ambulance  service  formerly  was  under  con- 
trol of  the  PoliceDepartment  but  now  is  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Health  Department.  One  ambulance  is 
assigned  to  each  police  division  headquarters  (six  in 
all)  and  one  Ambulance  Surgeon,  a  regularly  graduated 
physician,  who  accompanies  the  ambulance  whenever 
it  is  called  out. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  ambulance  service  which 
furnishes  aid  in  case  of  all  accidents  and  fires,  an  emer- 
gency hospital  has  been  established  in  connection  with 
the  Harrison  Street  police  station  which  is  known  as 
Relief  Station  No.  1.  This  is  the  first  of  several  insti- 
tutions of  like  character  projected  by  the  Health  De- 
partment, which  will  soon  be  established  in  the  mors 
congested  sections  of  the  city.  Emergency  cases 
within  the  Loop  district  are  attended  by  an  automobile 
ambulance  stationed  at  the  central  headquarters  of  the 
department  in  the  City  Hall. 

The  fifty  patrol  wagons  of  the  Police  Department, 
used  for  the  transportation  of  prisoners  to  police  stations 
are  also  constantly  employed  as  ambulances  in  various 
emergencies  and  a  large  per  cent  of  accident  cases  are 


214  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

taken  care  of  by  the  officers  accompanying  the  wagons. 
These  men  are  trained  by  efficient  medical  instructors 
in  modern  "first  aid  to  the  injured"  methods  and  not 
infrequently  lives  are  saved  through  the  prompt  action 
taken  by  police  officers. 

In  addition  to  the  ambulances  of  the  city  Health 
Department  and  the  patrol  wagon  service,  there  are 
probably  100  private  ambulances  maintained  by  hospi- 
tals and  undertakers  which  are  subject  to  call  by  tele- 
phone or  messenger. 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT 

The  total  strength  of  the  Chicago  Fire  Department 
is  just  about  2,000  men  including  1,750  uniformed 
firemen.  The  property  value  of  the  land  and  buildings 
occupied  by  the  department  is  $1,713,603,  while  the 
equipment  totals  $1,129,245.  (These  figures  are  for  the 
year  1907.) 

The  firemen  of  the  city  are  divided  into  151  com- 
panies and  18  battalions.  There  are  117  fire  engine 
companies,  34  truck  or  hook  and  ladder  companies  and 
15  chemical  engine  companies.  Four  fire  boats  are  in 
use  and  the  construction  of  two  more  is  contemplated. 
These  are  used  to  fight  fires  occurring  in  buildings 
abutting  on  the  river,  and  in  the  extensive  lumber  dis- 
tricts of  the  southwest  side  of  the  city.  The  average 
cost  of  a  fire  boat  such  as  is  used  in  the  Chicago  River  is 
$110,000,  but  the  great  value  of  these  fire  fighting  ma- 
chines, demonstrated  in  many  instances,  more  than 
compensates  for  the  expenditure  necessary  to  construct 
and  maintain  them. 

Seven  hundred  horses  are  required  to  keep  the  de- 
partment at  its  standard  of  efficiency.  Nearly  sixty 
miles  of  hose  (300,000  feet)  with  25,000  feet  of  reserve 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  215 

hose  is  one  of  the  largest  items  of  equipment.  Other 
large  factors  are  the  117  fire  engines,  15  chemical  en- 
gines and  34  hook  and  ladder  trucks. 

The  probable  expense  to  the  city  for  the  maintenance 
of  its  fire  department  for  the  year  1909  was  estimated 
at  $5,300,000.  Of  this  amount  $3,300,000  will  be  ex- 
pended for  salaries  and  general  maintenance,  and 
$2,000,000  for  the  erection  of  thirty  new  fire  engine 
houses' in  which  will  be  installed  apparatus  and  men  for 
the  protection  of  districts  now  inadequately  guarded. 
Included  in  this  also  is  the  cost  of  the  two  new  fire  boats 
before  referred  to.  The  addition  of  ten  combination 
automobile  trucks  and  chemical  engines  is  likewise  ad- 
vocated, to  be  used  in  residence  districts  to  prevent  the 
spread  of  small  fires  that  might  get  beyond  control  be- 
fore the  arrival  of  the  heavier  and  less  speedy  equipment. 

During  an  average  year  10,000  alarms  are  turned  in, 
66  per  cent  of  which  are  for  fires,  the  remainder  false 
alarms  or  cases  where  the  loss  is  $10  or  under.  The 
average  loss  per  fire  is  $629.  The  area  guarded  by  the 
Chicago  Fire  Department  is  196  square  miles,  the 
assessed  valuation  (1906)  of  the  property  in  this  area 
being  $426,623,296.  The  average  yearly  property  loss 
by  fire  approximates  $4,000,000  involving  a  property 
valuation  of  $150,000,000  and  insurance  of  $100,- 

000,000. 

The  electric  fire  alarm  system  of  Chicago  is  unsur- 
passed in  efficiency  by  that  of  any  other  city  in  the 
United  States,  New  York  not  excepted.  Fire  alarm 
boxes  to  the  number  of  2,000  are  scattered  over  the  city 
and  from  them  alarms  are  transmitted  with  marvelous 
rapidity  to  all  stations  in  the  city.  Even  the  highest 
number  in  the  code  of  signals  may  be  given  and  repeated 
within  forty  seconds. 


216  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

WATER  SUPPLY  AND  WATERWORIU 

In  1854  the  first  large  pumping  station  of  the  Chicago 
waterworks  was  built  at  Chicago  Ave.  and  the  lake.  In 
the  half  century  that  has  elapsed  since  the  primitive 
beginning  of  the  present  vast  system  the  population  of 
the  city  has  grown  from  65,872  to  2,250,000  and  the 
gallons  pumped  per  day  have  increased  from  591,083  to 
436,954,473.  During  the  same  period  the  water  pipe 
mileage  has  advanced  from  30  to  2,073.  The  total 
revenue  from  water  rates  in  1860  was  $131,162,  while  in 
1906  it  amounted  to  $4,281,065. 

Concomitant  with  the  great  growth  of  the  waterworks 
system  there  has  been  marked  improvement  in  the 
quality  of  the  water  supplied  the  metropolis.  At  the 
outset  the  sewers  of  Chicago  emptied  into  the  river, 
thence  into  the  lake.  It  was  not  believed  that  so  im- 
mense a  body  of  water  could  be  contaminated,  but  the 
rapid  growth  of  the  city  and  consequent  increase  of 
sewage  soon  made  it  apparent  that  to  preserve  the  health 
of  the  city  the  waste  would  have  to  be  diverted  from 
the  source  of  the  water  supply.  This  led  ultimately  to 
the  construction  at  great  cost  of  the  Drainage  Canal 
(see  description  elsewhere),  the  reversal  of  the  river 
current,  and  the  building  of  an  intercepting  sewer  sys- 
tem to  further  facilitate  the  work  of  preserving  the 
waters  of  Lake  Michigan  absolutely  free  from  any  sort 
of  pollution. 

As  a  result  of  this  immense  expenditure,  Chicago 
today  possesses  the  purest  water  supply  of  any  large 
city  in  the  world.  The  most  recent  statistics  on  Chi- 
cago's annual  death  rate  are  proof  in  part  of  how  great 
a  factor  in  the  health  of  a  great  city  is  pure  water.  The 
year  1908  passed  into  the  record  of  the  city  with  a 
death  rate  of  14.05  per  1,000  of  the  population,  the 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  217 

.ourth  lowest  rate  in  the  history  of  the  city,  and  the 
lowest  rate  of  any  city  of  the  first  magnitude  in  the 
world. 

The  land  tunnels  of  the  waterworks  system  now  num- 
ber eight  and  water  pipe  tunnels  under  the  Chicago 
River  fifteen.  Five  waterworks  cribs  are  maintained 
in  the  lake  at  distances  ranging  from  two  to  four  miles. 
Tunnels  under  the  bed  of  the  lake  bring  the  supply  of 
water  to  the  various  pumping  stations,  whence  it  is 
distributed  through  pipes  and  mains  to  the  remotest 
sections  of  the  city.  The  pumping  stations  with  their 
fine  equipments  of  machinery  amply  repay  a  visit. 
They  are  located  as  follows: 

North  Station,  foot  of  Chicago  Ave. 

Twenty-second  St.,  Ashland  Ave.  near  Twenty- 
second  St. 

Harrison  St-.  Station,  Harrison  St.  west  of  Des  Plaines 
St. 

Lake  View  Station,  Montrose  Ave.  and  Halsted  St. 

Fourteenth  St.  Station,  Indiana  Ave.  and  Fourteenth 
St. 

Sixty-eighth  St.  Station,  Yates  Ave.  and  Sixty- 
eighth  St. 

Central  Station,  Fillmore  St.  and  Central  Park  Ave. 

Springfield  Ave.  Station,  Springfield  and  Wabansia 
Aves. 

Washington  Heights  Station,  Washington  Heights. 

Rogers  Park  Station,  Rogers  Park. 

Norwood  Park  Station,  Norwood  Park. 

SEWER  SYSTEM,  STREET  CLEANING 
AND  GARBAGE 

During  the  last  few  years  the  sewer  system  of  Chicago 
has  been  brought  up  to  a  much  higher  standard  than 


218  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

prevailed  prior  to  the  diversion  of  sewage  from  the  lake 
to  the  Drainage  Canal.  Constant  improvement  in  the 
way  of  intercepting  sewers  has  been  made  so  that  now 
(1909)  no  sewage  enters  the  lake  north  of  Eighty- 
seventh  St.  Long  continued  tests  prove  that  even  this 
waste  material  is  drawn  away  from  the  city  by  lake 
currents  which  carry  it  far  south  and  east  of  the  nearest 
point  where  an  intake  is  located. 

In  the  twenty  years  intervening  between  1887  and 
1907  the  miles  of  sewers  maintained  by  the  city  have 
grown  from  474  to  1,673  and  the  cost  of  maintenance 
has  increased  from  $50,264  in  1887  to  $405,383  in  1907. 
More  than  50  miles  of  new  sewers  are  now  being  built 
each  year. 

In  this  connection  it  is  of  interest  that  Chicago  no 
longer  is  under  the  necessity  of  apologizing  because  of 
an  antiquated  method  of  disposing  of  garbage  as  a 
thoroughly  modern  garbage  reduction  plant,  located  at 
Thirty-ninth  and  Iron  Sts.,  is  now  in  full  operation 
(1909).  After  investigation  of  plants  in  other  cities 
this  method  was  decided  upon  as  the  most  practicable 
for  Chicago  and  the  system  installed  is  unexcelled  else- 
where. Loading  stations  have  been  established  along 
the  river  and  the  garbage  deposited  at  the  stations  is 
transported  in  scows  to  the  reduction  plant.  The 
wagons  in  which  the  garbage  is  collected  are  specially 
constructed  vehicles  equipped  with  steel  tanks.  A 
daily  garbage  service  is  provided  in  the  majority  of  the 
city  wards. 

The  block  system  of  cleaning  streets  which  has  been 
in  vogue  in  the  downtown  district  for  several  years  has 
been  introduced  in  nearly  all  the  other  wards  and  the 
street  cleaner,  with  his  push  cart,  is  now  a  familiar 
eight  throughout  the  city.  The  dirt  is  swept  up  and 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  219 

hauled  in  the  push  cart  and  placed  in  piles  and  removed 
by  wagons  daily.  In  1907,  48,744  miles  of  streets  and 
alleys  were  cleaned,  necessitating  the  removal  of 
213,487  loads  of  street  sweepings.  Together  with  other 
work  involved  the  total  cost  of  street  and  alley  cleaning 
for  1907  was  $668,650. 

LAW  COURTS  OF  CHICAGO  AND  COOK  COUNTY 

County  Courts 

Superior  Court  (Common  Law),  County  Bldg. 

Circuit  Court  (Common  Law),  County  Bldg. 

County  Court,  County  Bldg. 

Criminal  Court,  Criminal  Court  Bldg.,  Michigan  St. 
and  Dearborn  Ave. 

Probate  Court,  County  Bldg. 

Juvenile  Court,  200  Ewing  St. 
State  Courts 

Appellate  Court  (First  District  of  Illinois),  Ashland 
Block. 

Federal  Courts 

(Department  of  Justice) 

Circuit  Court   of  Appeals  for  the  Seventh  Circuit, 
Indiana,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  Federal  Bldg. 

Circuit  Court  for  Northern  District  Illinois,  Federal 
Bldg. 
District  Courts 

Northern  District  Illinois,  Federal  Bldg. 

Southern  District  Illinois,  Federal  Bldg. 

City  Courts 

Municipal  Court,  148  Michigan  Ave. 
Civil  Branches 

First  District,  148  Michigan  Ave. 


220  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Second  District,  8855  Exchange  Ave. 
Criminal  Branches 

First  District  Harrison,  Desplaines,  Maxwell,  Hyde 
Park,  Logan  Square,  Thirty-fifth  St.,  Sheffield  Ave., 
Englewood,  West  Chicago  Ave.,  and  Chicago  Ave. 
police  stations  and  Criminal  Court  Bldg. 

Second  District.     South  Chicago  Police' Station. 

MUNICIPAL  OFFICES 

The  offices  of  the  city  government,  during  the  con- 
struction of  the  new  City  Hall,  are  now  (1909)  dis- 
tributed among  several  down  town  buildings.  The 
location  of  the  principal  deparments  follows: 

Mayor's  Office,  Room  700,  200  Randolph  St. 

Board  of  Education,  Sixth  Floor,  Tribune  Bldg. 

City  Clerk,  Second  Floor,  82  Fifth  Ave. 

City  Council,  Second  Floor,  200  Randolph  St. 

Civil  Service  Commission,  200  Randolph  St. 

Fire,  200  Randolph  St. 

Fire  Alarm  and  Telegraph,  Room  35,  80  La  Salle  St. 

Health,  200  Randolph  St. 

Law,  200  Randolph  St. 

Municipal  Court,  148  Michigan  Ave. 

Municipal  Museum,  200  Randolph  St. 

Police,  200  Randolph  St. 

Detective  Headquarters,  200  Randolph  St. 

House  of  Correction  (Bridewell),  California  Ave.  be- 
tween W.  Twenty-sixth  St.  and  the  River. 

Municipal  Lodging  House,  10  North  Union  St. 

Public  Works  (Commissioner),  200  Randolph  St. 

Smoke  Inspection,  First  Floor,  95  Clark  St. 

Special  Park  Commission,  Room  501,  200  Randolph 
St. 

Treasurer,  Second  Floor,  82  Fifth  Ave. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  221 

CHICAGO  AS  A  RAILROAD  CENTER 

As  a  center  of  railroad  industry  Chicago  takes  prece- 
dence over  all  cities  of  the  world.  Twenty-six  of  the 
principal  trunk  line  railroads  of  the  United  States  run 
trains  into  Chicago  terminals  and  in  addition  to  these 
there  are  numerous  belt,  transfer,  terminal  and  indus- 
trial lines  which  have  either  a  part  or  all  of  their  trackage 
in  the  city.  Within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  city  are 
800  miles  of  main  line  railway  and  1,400  miles  of  auxili- 
ary track.  The  total  mileage  of  the  twenty-six  roads 
entering  Chicago  approximates  75,000,  33  per  cent  of 
the  total  mileage  of  the  United  States.  The  land 
occupied  by  main  line  property  within  Chicago  re.pre- 
sents  9,600  acres,  or  8  per  cent  of  the  entire  area  of  the 
city.  A  valuation  of  $115,000,000  is  placed  upon  the 
railroad  right  of  way  within  the  city  and  this  figure  is 
doubled  when  the  value  of  the  land  occupied  by  other 
trackage  is  taken  into  consideration.  About  13  per  cent 
of  the  coal  brought  to  Chicago  and  consumed  here  is 
used  by  the  railroads. 

Proof  of  the  assertion  that  Chicago  is  the  great  rail- 
road center  of  the  country  is  found  in  the  interesting  fact 
that  of  the  1,400  trains  entering  the  city  daily  not  one 
passes  through  Chicago  but  all  end  their  runs  here. 
This  is  true  of  all  trains  which  arrive  at  or  depart  from 
this  city.  All  runs  are  originated  or  finished  in  Chicago 
including  both  freight  and  passenger  trains.  The  total 
railroad  tonnage  of  Chicago  is  exceeded  in  weight  by 
that  of  the  Pittsburg  district,  but  the  value  of  the 
Chicago  tonnage  is  greatest. 

There  are  six  principal  passenger  terminalsin Chicago, 
one  of  which,  the  North  western  Railway  station,  handles 
more  passengers  trains  daily  than  any  other  in  the  coun- 
try except  the  South  Station  of  Boston.  Four  hundred 


222  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

trains  enter  Northwestern  station  each  day  carrying 
about  50,000  passengers.  The  new  station  now  being 
built  on  the  West  Side  to  accommodate  the  traffic  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway  will  have  facilities  for 
for  handling  250,000  passengers  daily  and  will  cost 
$4,000,000. 

RIVER  AND  LAKE  COMMERCE 
The  water  carrying  trade  of  Chicago,  notwithstand- 
ing certain  impediments  to  lake  traffic  that  have  existed 
in  the  Chicago  River,  is  comparable  to  that  of  the 
greatest  ocean  ports  of  the  country,  New  York  and 
Boston,  and  exceeds  that  of  Philadelphia,  New  Orleans, 
Baltimore  and  San  Francisco.  In  1906,  the  total 
arrivals  and  clearances  from  this  port  numbered  13,280 
vessels  carrying  a  total  net  tonnage  of  15,022,284.  This 
•showing  is  made  despite  the  fact  that  during  recent 
years  considerable  loss  of  lake  traffic  has  been  suffered 
by  Chicago  on  account  of  the  river  tunnels  which  pre- 
vented passage  of  vessels  having  a  greater  draft  than 
sixteen  feet.  The  modern  freight  carrying  boats  of  the 
Great  Lakes  are  equal  in  size  and  draft  to  many  of  the 
ocean  vessels  and  these  have  found  it  impossible  to 
navigate  the  Chicago  river.  The  tunnel  obstructions 
have  now  been  removed  and  with  the  further  widening 
and  deepening  of  the  river  it  is  believed  that  Chicago 
again  will  come  to  the  front  as  the  greatest  of  the  lake 
ports.  Increased  traffic  in  the  deep  and  broad  Calumet 
River,  in  the  South  Chicago  district,  has  compensated 
in  part  for  the  decline  of  activity  in  the  more  centrally 
located  waterway.  The  traffic  in  the  Calumet,  of 
course,  is  included  in  the  total  figures  for  Chicago  as 
that  stream  is  part  of  the  harbor  of  Chicago  which  ex- 
tends from  the  northern  to  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  city  and  three  miles  from  shore  in  Lake  Michigan. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  22$ 

In  addition  to  this  broad  scope  the  branches  of  the 
Chicago  River,  numerous  slips  and  the  Drainage  Canal 
are  included  officially  in  Chicago  harbor. 

The  principal  items  in  Chicago  River  traffic  are  grain, 
lumber,  coal  and  salt;  of  the  Calumet,  iron  ore,  coal  and 
grain.  The  tonnage  of  the  Calumet  alone  averages 
annually  about  5,500,000.  It  is  believed  that  after 
the  Chicago  River  has  been  placed  on  an  equal  footing 
with  the  Calumet  so  far  as  shipping  facilities  are  con- 
cerned, the  total  lake  traffic  of  the  port  (including  South 
Chicago)  will  equal  the  water  carrying  trade  of  New 
York.  Even  now,  although  greatly  handicapped,  it 
nearly  equals  the  foreign  commerce  of  that  port. 

The  facilities  for  handling  cargoes  on  Chicago  docks 
are  thoroughly  modern.  The  ease  and  rapidity  with 
which  immense  quantities  of  grain,  coal  and  other  com- 
modities are  transferred  from  warehouse  to  hold  or  vice 
versa  are  remarkable.  Improved  machinery  and 
methods  make  possible  the  loading  of  100,000  bushels 
of  grain  within  five  hours  with  the  loss  of  less  than  two 
bushels.  In  three  hours  5,000  tons  of  ore  are  loaded. 
Similar  feats  attest  the  fact  that  the  economic  handling 
of  vast  cargoes  has  reached  a  high  state  of  perfection. 
Along  the  Chicago  River  are  forty-five  miles  of  private 
docks  and  ten  more  border  the  banks  of  the  Calumet. 

With  the  removal  of  the  river  tunnels  and  center  pier 
bridges,  dredging  the  river  to  a  regular  depth  of  twenty- 
six  feet  and  widening  it  to  200  feet  or  more,  as  well  as 
using  the  Chicago  River  as  the  connecting  link  in  the 
proposed  deep  waterway,  to  extend  from  Lake  Michigan 
via  the  Drainage  Canal,  Des  Plaines,  Illinois  and  Mis- 
sissippi Rivers  to  the  Gulf,  the  port  of  Chicago  will  not 
only  become  the  chief  factor  in  the  trade  of  the  Great 
Lakes  but  also  bids  fair  to  become  a  seaport  of  the  first 
magnitude. 


224  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

MILITARY  ORGANIZATIONS 

Illinois  National  Guard 

First  Regiment  Infantry,  Armory,  1542  Michigan  Ave. 

Second  Regiment  Infantry,  Armory,  Washington 
Blvd.  and  Curtis  St. 

Seventh  Regiment  Infantry,  Armory,  Thirty-third 
St.  and  Went  worth  Ave. 

Eighth  Regiment  Infantry,  Armory,  414  Thirty- 
seventh  St. 

Signal  Corps,  Headquarters,  Second  Regiment  Ar- 
mory. 

First  Regiment  Cavalry,  527  N.  Clark  St. 

Chicago  Zouaves,  Headquarters,  Sixteenth  and'Dear- 
born  Sts. 

Illinois  Naval  Reserve,  headquarters,  20  Michigan 
Ave. 

CHICAGO  EXCHANGES 

Board  of  Trade,  Jackson  Blvd.  and  La  Salle  St. 

Builders  and  Traders  Exchange,  217  Chamber  of 
Commerce. 

Chicago  Live  Stock  Exchange,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

Chicago  Mining  and  Stock  Exchange,  175  Jackson 
Blvd. 

Chicago  Open  Board  of  Trade,  267-75  La  Salle  St. 

Chicago  Stock  Exchange,  The  Rookery. 

Commerical  Exchange,  802  Masonic  Temple. 

Flour  Exchange  of  Chicago,  907,  188  Madison  St. 

COMMERCIAL,   PROFESSIONAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL 
ASSOCIATIONS 

American  Aberdeen  Angus  Breeders  Association,  17 
Exchange  Ave.,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

American  Association  of  Creamery  Mfrs.,  115  Adams 
St. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  225 

American  Newspaper  Publishers  Association,  143 
Dearborn  St. 

American  Railway  Engineering  and  Maintenance  of 
Way  Association,  98  Jackson  Blvd. 

American  Short  Horn  Breeders  Association,  Union 
Stock  Yards. 

American  Technical  Society,  Drexel  Blvd.  and  Fifty- 
eighth  St. 

American  Trotting  and  Register  Association,  355 
Dearborn  St. 

Architectural  Iron  League,  808  Chamber  of  Commerce 
Bldg. 

Associated  Elgin  Creameries,  36  La  Salle  St. 

Association  of  American  Railway  Accounting  Officers, 
143  Dearborn  St. 

Automobile  Dealers  Association,  309  Michigan  Blvd. 

Bankers  Union,  72  Madison  St 

Board  of  Trade,  Jackson  Blvd.  and  La  Salle  St. 

Buildiers  and  Traders  Exchange  of  Chicago,  134 
Washington  St. 

Building  Managers  Association,  204  Dearborn  St. 

California  Fruit  Canners  Association,  42  River  St. 

Carpenters  and  Builders  Association  of  Chicago,  112 
Clark  St. 

Chicago  Advertising  Association,  118  Monroe  St. 

Chicago  Architectural  Association,  125  Michigan 
Blvd. 

Chicago  Association  of  Commerce,  77  Jackson  Blvd. 

Chicago  Bar  Association,  134  Monroe  St. 

Chicago  Board  of  Underwriters,  159  La  Salle  St. 

Chicago  Butter  and  Egg  Board,  154  Lake  St. 

Chicago  Coal  Dealers  Association,  277  Dearborn  St. 

Chicago  Credit  Men's  Association,  218  La  Salle  St. 

Chicago  Drug/Trade  Club,  122  Franklin  St. 


226  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Chicago  Electrical  Association  1736  Monadnock  Blk. 

Chicago  Estimators  Club. 

Chicago  Feed  Dealers  Association,  649  W.  Madison 
St. 

Chicago  Junior  Bar  Association,  138  Washington  St. 

Chicago  Grocers  and  Butchers  Association,  210  Ma- 
sonic Temple. 

Chicago  Landlords  Protective  Bureau,  197  W. 
Division  St. 

Chicago  Law  Reporters  Association,  148  Michigan 
Ave. 

Chicago  Live  Stock  Exchange,  Exchange  Bldg., 
Union  Stock  Yards. 

Chicago  Medical  Society  Bureau,  87  Lake  St. 

Chicago  Mining  and  Stock  Exchange,  175  Jackson 
Blvd. 

Chicago  Open  Board  of  Trade,  267  La  Salle  St. 

Chicago  Picture  Frame  and  Moulding  Manufacturers 
Association,  78  La  Salle  St. 

Chicago  Produce  Trade  and  Credit  Association,  34 
Clark  St. 

Chicago  Real  Estate  Board,  57  Dearborn  St. 

Chicago  Restaurant  Keepers  Association,  143  Dear- 
born St. 

Chicago  Retail  Druggists  Association,  305  Fifty- 
fifth  St. 

Chicago  Steam  Engineers  Club,  140  Dearborn  St. 

Chicago  Stationers  Association,  115  Dearborn  St. 

Chicago  Stock  Exchange,  The  Rookery,  La  Salle  St. 

Chicago  Society  of  Proofreaders,  261  Dearborn  St. 

Chicago  Teachers  Federation,  79  Dearborn  St. 

Chicago  Trade  Press  Association,  1431  Monadnock 
Bldg. 

Chicago  Typothetae,   1214  Monadnock  Bldg. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  227 

Chicago  Undertakers  Association,  78  La  Salle  St. 

Cigar  Manufacturers  and  Dealers  Association,  387 
W.  Harrison  St. 

Commercial  Club  of  Chicago,  221  Adams  St. 

Convention  Bureau,  77  Jackson  Blvd. 

Ben  Franklin  Club,  98  Jackson  Blvd. 

Flour  Exchange  of  Chicago,  907,  188  Madison  St. 

Furniture  Exhibition  Co.,  1411  Michigan  St. 

General  Managers  Association  of  Chicago,  234  Michi- 
gan Blvd. 

Hotel  Association  of  Chicago,  324  Dearborn  St. 

Illinois  Coal  Operators  Association,  299  Dearborn  St. 

Illinois  Commercial  Mens  Association,  204  Masonic 
Temple. 

Illinois  Furniture  Warehousemens  Association,  480 
Wabash  Ave. 

Illinois  Institute  of  Accountants,  70  Adams  St. 

Illinois  Lumber  Dealers  Association,  315  Dearborn 
St. 

Illinois  Manufacturers  Association,   125  Monroe  St. 

Illinois  Retail  Hardware  Association,  225  Roscoe  St. 

Illinois  Society  of  Engineers  and  Surveyors,  1636 
Monadnock'Bldg. 

Illinois  State  Brewers  Association,  103  Randolph  St. 

Industrial  Club  of  Chicago,  203  Monroe  St. 

International  Freight  Bureau,  98  Jackson  Blvd. 

Iron  League,  134  Washington  St. 

Italian  Chamber  of  Commerce,  55  State  St. 

Jewelers  Board  of  Trade,  103  State  St. 

Junior  Business  Club,  428  Washington  Blvd. 

Lake  Carriers  Association,  100  Van  Buren  St. 

Landlords  Co-operative  Association,  138  Washington 
St. 

Lawyers  Association  of  Illinois,  1119,  59  Clark  St. 


228  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Liquor  Dealers  Protective  Association  of  Illinois,  109 
Randolph  St. 

Live  Stock  Weighing  Association,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

Lumbermens  Association,  1312,  122  Monroe  St. 

Lumber  Dealers  Association  of  Chicago,  181  Clark  St. 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  Club,  192  Washington  St. 

Masons  and  Contractors  Association  of  Chicago,  808, 
138  Washington  St. 

Merchants  Association  of  Chicago,  112  Clark  St. 

Millmens  Association  of  Chicago,  1308,  122  Monroe 
St. 

Millers  National  Federation,  169  Jackson  Blvd. 

National  Association  of  Agricultural  Implement  and 
•  Vehicle  Mfrs.  205  La  Salle  St. 

National  Association  of  Box  Mfrs.,  143  Dearborn  St. 

National  Association  of  Employing  Lithographers, 
1201,  140  Dearborn  St. 

National  Association  of  Retail  Druggists,  79  Dear- 
born St. 

National  Building  Trades  Employers  Association, 
808,  138  Washington  St. 

National  Business  League  of  America,  507,  108  La 
Salle  St. 

National  Conservation  League,  107  Dearborn  St. 

National  Founders  Association,  506,  218  La  Salle  St. 

National  Metal  Trades  Association,  1524,  143  Dear- 
born St. 

National  Hardwood  Lumber  Association,  122  Mon- 
roe St. 

National  League  of  Commission  Merchants,  169 
South  Water  St. 

National  Plow  Association,  125  Monroe  St. 

National  Wagon  Mfrs.  Association,  125  Monroe  St. 

National  Wholesale  Tailors  Association,  237  Fifth  Ave. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  229 

Nonpareil  Club,  161  Washington  St. 

Northwestern  Traveling  Mens  Association,  69  Dear-< 
born  St. 

Percheron  Society  of  America,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

Physicians  Club  of  Chicago,  103  State  St. 

Planing  Mill  Mens  Association  of  Chicago,  122  Mon- 
roe St. 

Property  Owners  and  Tax  Payers  Association,  100 
Washington  St. 

Publishers  Club,  234  Fifth  Ave. 

Publishers  Commercial  Union,  112  Dearborn  St. 

Shoe  and  Leather  Association  of  Chicago,  207  Lake  St. 

Traffic  Club  of  Chicago,  536  The  Rookery. 

Trans-Continental  Passenger  Association,  9  Jackson 
Blvd. 

Uniform  Classification  Committee,  135  Adams  St. 

United  Editors  Association,  28  Jackson  Blvd. 

United  Press  Association,  188  Madison  St. 

United  States  Brewers  Association,  109  Randolph  St. 

United  States  Malsters  Association,  226  La  Salle  St. 

Western  Passenger  Association,  9  Jackson  Blvd. 

Western  Railway  Club,  84  Van  Buren  St. 

Western  Society  of  Engineers,  98  Jackson  Blvd. 

SUBURBS  OF  THE  CITY 

It  should  be  noted  that,  with  a  few  exceptions,  only 
such  suburbs  as  lie  without  the  corporate  limits  of 
the  city  are  mentioned.  Such  places  as  Ravenswood, 
Englewood,  Kensington,  Pullman,  etc.,  which  are 
within  the  city  and  properly  a  part  of  it,  with  a  few  ex- 
ceptions, are  not  considered  as  suburbs  or  treated  as 
such.  The  exact  limits  of  the  suburban  zone  cannot, 
of  course,  be  defined.  Some  of  the  towns  here  men- 
tioned send  the  larger  portion  of  their  population  to 


230  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Chicago  every  day,  others  only  a  small  fraction.  Fares 
quoted  are  regular  one  way  local  ticket  rates  but  com- 
mutation rates  are  very  much  lower.  Distances  quoted 
are  from  the  main  Chicago  station  of  the  road  named : 

Arlington  Heights,  22.4  miles  from  Chicago  on  Wis- 
consin division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  44  cents.  Popu- 
lation 1,380.  Situated  in  the  midst  of  an  undulating 
prairie  region  Arlington  Heights  is  growing  rapidly  and 
contains  many  attractive  homes  of  well-to-do  Chicago- 
ans. 

Aurora,  37  miles  from  Chicago,  C.  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  Fare 
74  cents.  Aurora,  Elgin  &  Chicago  Electric  Line.  Fare 
60  cents.  Population  33,000.  Aurora  is  an  enterprising 
manufacturing  city,  situated  on  the  Fox  River,  which 
divides  the  town  into  two  nearly  equal  parts.  The 
principal  shops  of  the  C.  B.  &  Q.  R.  R.  are  located  in 
Aurora,  and  employ  about  two  thousand  men.  The 
products  of  Aurora  factories  are  shipped  to  all  parts  of 
the  world.  The  town  has  exceptionally  good  traction 
facilities  having  lines  reaching  out  to  all  the  principal 
towns  of  northern  Illinois.  Aurora  is  noted  for  its 
beautiful  homes,  finely  paved  streets,  schools,  churches, 
and  all  the  equipment  of  a  modern,  up-to-date  city. 
In  addition  to  the  public  parks,  Riverview  Park,  near 
Aurora,  is  the  popular  amusement  park,  in  the  Fox 
River  valley. 

Barrington,  31.6  miles  from  Chicago  on  Wisconsin 
division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  62  cents.  Population 
1,162.  This  little  town  lies  in  a  fine  farming  and  dairy 
section.  Nearby,  and  reached  by  good  roads,  are  Wau- 
conda  and  Lake  Zurich,  popular  fishing  and  summer 
outing  resorts.  At  Lake  Zurich  are  fine  golf  links. 

Berwyn,  9.6  miles,  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.     Fare  20  cents. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  231 

Population  3,300.  Berwyn  principally  is  a  residence 
suburb.  It  is  a  clean  and  beautiful  town  and  has  all 
modern  conveniences.  There  are  no  saloons.  Churches 
of  various  denominations  are  to  be  found  here,  and 
many  elegant  homes.  The  Berwyn  Gun  Club,  a  promi- 
nent local  organization,  meets  twice  a  month  just  out- 
side the  city  limits.  The  lines  of  the  Chicago  Railways 
Company  extend  through  this  suburb. 

Blue  Island,  15.7  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Rock 
Island  Ry.  Fare  20  cents.  Population  6,144.  Blue 
Island  primarily  is  a  manufacturing  suburb  of  Chicago. 
Here  are  located  several  large  breweries,  lumber  and 
brick  yards,  and  the  extensive  yards  and  shops  of  the 
Rock  Island  and  Grand  Trunk  Railways. 

Brookfield,  12  3  miles,  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  Fare  24  cents. 
Population  2,000.  Brookfield  is  a  residential  suburb 
and  has  much  natural  beauty.  Many  Chicago  busi- 
ness men  have  their  homes  here  and  as  an  out-of-town 
residence  place  it  is  increasing  in  popularity. 

Chesterton,  Ind.,  41  miles,  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry.  Fare  65 
cents.  Population  788.  Chesterton  occupies  the  first 
high  land  along  the  lake  front  east  of  Chicago.  Many 
wealthy  Chicagoans  have  their  homes  in  this  pretty 
little  city.  At  Porter,  near  Chesterton,  are  mineral 
springs  which  many  believe  fully  equal  in  medicinal 
properties  to  those  at  West  Baden  and  French  Lick. 
Plans  are  under  way  for  a  mammoth  hotel  and  sani- 
tarium at  this  point. 

Congress  Park,  13  miles,  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  Fare  26 
cents.  Population  300.  Beautiful  residential  suburb. 
Streets  shaded  with  elm,  catalpa,  sycamore  and  maple 
trees.  Contains  many  beautiful  homes  of  wealthy 
Chicago  business  men. 


232  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Des  Plaines,  16.6  miles  from  Chicago  on  Wisconsin 
division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  34  cents.  Population 
1,666.  Des  Plaines  is  on  the  banks  of  the  Des  Plaines 
River.  Its  shaded  streets  are  lined  with  pretty  homes 
Here  are  located  the  camp  meeting  grounds  which  have 
long  been  famous  as  an  outdoor  meeting  place  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Downers  Grove,  21  miles  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  Fare  42 
cents.  Population  3,500.  This  is  a  beautiful  residence 
village  with  modern  conveniences. 

Edison  Park,  12.3  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin division  of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  24  cents. 
Population  344.  Edison  Park  is  just  beyond  the  city 
limits.  The  little  town  is  well  situated  and  is  growing 
rapidly.  It  has  an  abundance  of  shade  trees,  well  paved 
streets  and  many  charming  homes. 

Elgin,  42.5  miles  from  Chicago,  C.  B.  &  .Q  Ry.  Fare 
74  cents.  Aurora,  Elgin  &  Chicago  Electric  line.  Fare 
60  cents.  Population  25,000.  Elgin  is  an  attractive 
little  city  set  in  a  hilly  picturesque  section  of  Illinois. 
Through  its  center  flows  Fox  River,  to  the  west  of 
which  is  a  bluff  of  considerable  height  on  the  summit  of 
which  lies  a  beautiful  residence  section.  There  are  two 
public  parks  of  considerable  size  and  several  smaller 
ones.  The  character  of  the  work  in  Elgin  requires  a 
uniformly  high-grade  class  of  workmen,  this  being  one 
of  the  peculiarities  of  the  city.  Many  wealthy  Chi- 
cagoans  have  their  homes  here,  and  Elgin  is  justly 
proud  of  its  high  average  class  of  homes.  The  trip  out 
and  back  is  an  enjoyable  one  consuming  but  a  little 
more  than  an  hour  of  time  each  way. 

Elmhurst,  16  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Galena 
division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  32  cents.  Population 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  233 

1,728.  This  is  a  suburb  containing  many  beautiful 
homes  of  Chicago  people.  The  city  has  all  modern  con- 
veniences. The  Elmhurst  Golf  Club  links  are  first 
class.  Elmhurst  is  growing  rapidly  and  is  one  of  the 
city's  important  suburbs. 

Evanston,  12  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 
Ry.  Fare  24  cents  Another  pleasant  way  is  by  car 
marked  Evanston  on  Northwestern  Elevated  Ry.  Fare 
10  cents,  or  Evanston  Ave.  street  car  to  Limits  carbarns, 
then  change  to  car  marked  Evanston,  Ravenswood  and 
Rogers  Park.  Fare  10  cents.  Population  24,000. 

Evanston  is  the  first  suburb  north  of  Chicago  and  the 
largest  of  the  strictly  suburban  towns  surrounding  the 
city  on  all  sides,  except  towards  the  east.  It  is  the 
home  of  very  many  people  who  spend  their  days  in 
Chicago  and  whose  names  are  more  generally  known 
in  other  communities  as  identified  with  the  life  and 
achievements  of  the  great  city  to  the  south.  This  town 
because  of  its  size,  beauty  and  many  advantages  de- 
serves more  than  passing  notice.  It  is  purely  a  resi- 
dential and  college  town,  known  the  country  over  for 
its  clean  streets,  beautiful  homes,  fine  shade  trees  and 
splendidly  kept  lawns.  It  is  far  enough  from  Chicago 
so  that  its  inhabitants  may  have  ample  space,  pure  air, 
quiet,  and  (through  state  enactment)  freedom  from 
saloons,  yet  so  near  and  with  such  good  transportation 
facilities  that  business  men  get  from  their  homes  to 
their  places  of  business  in  Chicago  quite  as  quickly  as 
many  residents  within  that  city's  limits.  Evanston 
extends  about  three  miles  north  and  south  along  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan  and  averages  a  mile  in  width- 
As  there  are  four  stations  on  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  and 
six  on  the  Northwestern  Elevated  line,  care  should  be 
used  in  asking)  as  to  the  nearest  station  to  any  desired 


234  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

location.  The  trip  may  be  made  from  Chicago  on  the 
steam  road  in  20  to  25  minutes  and  on  the  electric 
elevated  in  40  to  50. 

Northwestern  University  is  located  in  Evanston, 
except  its  schools  of  law,  medicine,  pharmacy  and 
dentistry  In  the  number  of  students  as  in  many 
other  respects  the  university  ranks  among  the  first  in 
the  country.  Its  special  schools  of  Music  and  Oratory 
are  among  the  best.  An  Engineering  Building  is  now 
nearly  completed,  and  a  $100,000  gymnasium  is  in 
construction.  The  campus  extending  along  the  lake 
shore  in  the  central  part  of  town  will,  when  fully 
improved,  be  one  of  the  most  beautiful  to  be  found 
anywhere.  The  home  of  Frances  Willard,  who  spent 
most  of  her  life  here,  on  Chicago  Ave.  between  Clark 
St.  and  University  PL,  is  of  great  interest  to  many. 
It  is  now  used  as  headquarters  of  the  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  of  which  organization  she  was  the 
head.  Her  statue  in  Statuary  Hall  in  the  Capitol  at 
Washington  is  the  only  one  of  a  woman.  At  Chicago 
Ave.  and  Church  St.,  close  to  Davis  St.  station,  is  the 
beautiful  new  postoffice  of  classic  design  and  one  block 
east  from  there  is  the  fine  new  public  library  open  from 
9  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.,  and  containing  about  50,000  volumes. 
There  is  also  a  Music  room,  with  sheet  music  and  rolls 
for  self  playing  pianos,  and  an  instrument  on  which 
these  rolls  may  be  tested.  A  short  distance  south  and 
east  of  Davis  St.  station  at  Chicago  Ave.  and  Grove  St. 
is  a  small  but  beautiful  park  about  which  are  grouped 
four  of  the  principal  churches  and  the  homelike  build- 
ing of  the  Evanston  Club.  The  Evanston  Country  Club, 
the  Evanston  Golf  Club,  the  Glenview  Golf  Club  and 
Evanston  Yacht  Club  have  handsome  and  commodious 
quarters  in  other  parts  of  town.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  has  a 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  235 

fine  building  with  gymnasium,  billard  room,  swimming 
tank,  etc.,  on  Orrington  Ave.  near  Davis  St.  Directly 
south  of  the  University  Campus  and  extending  'half  a 
mile  along  the  lake  shore  is  a  beautiful  park  with  an  ideal 
location. 

Fort  Sheridan,  25.7  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N. 
W.  Ry.  Fare  52  cents.  Population  1,575.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  notable  army  posts  in  the  country,  as 
well  as  one  of  the  most  interesting  points  in  the  Chicago 
suburban  district.  It  is  headquarters  for  one  regiment 
of  infantry,  two  troops  of  cavalry  and  two  batteries  of 
artillery.  The  grounds  are  spacious  and  beautiful. 
Visitors  are  made  welcome  at  all  times  and  the  drills  and 
other  features  of  military  daily  routine  will  prove  of 
much  interest.  The  site  is  on  the  lake  shore. 

Gary,  Ind.,  26  miles,  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry.  Fare  35  cents. 
Population  15,000.  Gary  is  a  very  remarkable  place 
by  reason  of  its  stupendous  growth,  having  in  about 
two  years  been  converted  from  a  waste  of  swampy  land 
into  a  modern,  up-to-date  city  with  all  modern  con- 
veniences such  as  street  railways,  water  works,  electric 
light,  etc.  The  United  States  Steel  Corporation  has 
expended  $90,000,000  in  building  the  town  and  its  plant 
at  that  point  and  is  reported  to  be  preparing  to  expend 
$50,000,000  more.  It  appears  that,  beyond  any  doubt, 
Gary  is  destined  to  become  the  center  of  steel  manu- 
facture in  the  United  States,  its  promoters  even  going 
so  far  as  to  say  that  throughout  the  entire  world  it  will 
be  surpassed  in  the  production  of  steel  and  steel  prod- 
ucts only  by  the  great  Krupp  works  at  Essen,  Ger- 
many. The  site  selected  by  the  United  States  Steel 
Corporation  for  the  building  of  the  great  steel  city  is 
probably  the  most  advantageous  for  both  water  and 


236  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

rail  transportation  in  the  country.  It  is  located  twenty- 
six  miles  south  and  east  of  Chicago,  at  a  point  where  five 
trunk*  lines  of  railway  meet  and  four  belt  lines  augment 
the  facilities  for  railway  transportation.  Two  electric 
interurban  lines  are  now  in  operation  through  the  Gary 
district  and  both  of  these  rapidly  are  extending  their 
lines.  The  original  extent  of  the  town  site  was  only 
about  4,000  acres,  but  this  has  been  added  to  until  now 
the  total  area  embraces  about  11,000.  Eight  thousand 
acres  are  controlled  by  the  steel  corporation  including 
the  entire  lake  and  railroad  frontage  of  the  new  city. 
The  lake  frontage  alone  is  seven  miles  in  length. 
Twenty-four  miles  of  streets  already  have  been  paved, 
and  this  work,  together  with  other  public  improve- 
ments, is  being  rapidly  pushed.  The  present  popula- 
tion of  15,000  it  is  estimated  will  be  increased  to  about 
150,000  within  the  next  five  to  eight  years,  when  the 
great  steel  plant  and  the  scores  of  subsidiary  manu- 
facturing establishments  are  in  full  operation.  The 
city  is  being  built  for  a  population  of  300,000  and 
already  many  fine  buildings  are  to  be  found  there, 
notably  hotels  and  railway  stations.  The  streets  of 
Gary  are  laid  out  on  broad  and  regular  lines,  running 
the  entire  length  of  the  city,  with  a  uniform  numbering 
system.  Building  lines  preserve  the  beauty  of  the  resi- 
dence streets.  Broadway,  the  principal  thoroughfare, 
will  be  kept  the  center  of  the  region  by  the  location  of 
the  new  industries  one  after  another  on  the  different 
sides  of  the  city. 

Glencoe,  19.2  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  X.  W 
Ry.     Fare  38  cents      Population  1,020.     Glencoe  lies 
on   a  high,   wooded  bluff  overlooking  the  lake.     Its 
streets  are  wide  and  well  shaded  and  its  beautiful  resi- 
dences are  set  in  spacious,  attractive  grounds.     The 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  237 

'Tear  Orchard"  with  its  Pioneer  House  of  oak  is  an 
interesting  landmark.  Glencoe  is  in  every  respect  a 
charming  suburb  of  the  city.  Many  Chicago  citizens 
of  means  maintain  homes  or  summer  residences  here. 

Glen  Ellyn,  22.5  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Galena 
division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  46  cents,  also  on  Aurora, 
Elgin  &  Chicago  Electric  line,  fare  30  cents.  Popu- 
lation 800.  Glen  Ellyn  is  surrounded  by  a  beautiful, 
rolling  prairie  country,  dotted  with  woodlands.  The 
glen  itself  is  very  beautiful  and  within  it  lies  Lake 
Ellyn,  some  thirty  acres  in  extent.  This  lake  is  fed  by 
springs  several  of  which  have  valuable  mineral  prop- 
erties. Many  Chicago  business  and  professional  men 
have  their  homes  here. 

Hammond,  20  miles  from  Chicago.  Reached  by  street 
car,  fare  10  cents,  or  by  Erie,  Monon,  Michigan  Cen- 
tral, Wabash  or  Pennsylvania  Railway,  fare  30  cents. 
Population  14,250.  Hammond  is  a  very  live,  up-to- 
date  little  city,  essentially  a  manufacturng  suburb  of 
Chicago,  many  important  plants  being  located  here. 
The  city  is  modern  in  every  respect,  and  contains  many 
pretentious  homes. 

Highland  Park,  23  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  & 
N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  46  cents.  Population  2,800.  This 
charming  town  lies  on  a  bluff  from  which  there  is  to  be 
had  an  unobstructed  view  of  the  lake.  Here  are  many 
splendid  homes  and  much  scenic  beauty.  The  village 
is  surrounded  by  natural  forest  and  fine,  rolling  country. 
Sheridan  Road  and  other  splendid  drives  extend 
through  the  town.  There  are  few  more  desirable  places 
of  residence  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago. 

Highwood,  24.5  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 


238  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Ry.  Fare  50  cents.  Population  460.  Highwood  con- 
tains many  suburban  homes  and  with  its  beautiful 
forest  trees  and  splendid  residences  is  a  delightful 
place.  It  adjoins  Ft.  Sheridan. 

Hubbard  Woods,  lies  one  mile  to  the  north  of  Win- 
netka  but  is  within  its  corporate  limits.  It  possesses  the 
same  beauties  and  attractive  features  as  does  Winnetka. 

Indiana  Harbor,  Ind.,  19  miles,  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry. 
Fare  25  cents.  Population  250.  At  this  point  the 
Federal  Government  is  expending  large  sums  in  build- 
ing a  harbor  and  cutting  a  ship  canal  to  connect  Lake 
Michigan  with  the  Calumet  River.  The  village  is  grow- 
ing rapidly.  * 

Kenilworth,  15.2  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N. 
W.  Ry.  Fare  30  cents.  Population  336.  The  village 
lies  on  a  bluff  overlooking  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  picturesque,  rolling  woodland  scenery.  It 
has  many  beautiful  homes,  situated  for  the  most  part  in 
spacious  grounds  of  great  beauty.  Here  is  a  pervading 
air  of  quiet  luxury.  The  Kenilworth  Golf  Club  has  a 
handsome  clubhouse  and  golf  course. 

Lake  Bluff,  30  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 
Ry.  Fare  60  cents.  Population  490.  The  United 
States  Government  has]chosen  this  village  as  the  site  for 
a  large  Naval  Training  Station.  Approximately 
$3,000,000  is  being  expended  in  the  construction  work. 
The  extent  of  the  grounds  is  172  acres.  The  buildings 
are  of  brick  with  terra  cotta  trimming.  The  architec- 
tural treatment  is  colonial.  All  important  buildings 
are  of  fireproof  construction,  steel  beams,  and  concrete 
floors.  It  is  anticipated  that  the  buildings  will  be 
ready  to  receive  recruits  by  July,  1909,  and  that  the 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  239 

station  will  be  completed  by  1910.  The  purpose  of  the 
training  school  is  for  the  preliminary  training  of  re- 
cruits enlisted  in  the  Middle  West  to  fit  them  for  duty  in 
the  navy.  Many  Chicagoans  have  summer  homes  here. 

Lake  Forest,  28  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 
Ry.  Fare  56  cents.  Population  2,215.  Lake  Forest 
is  located  on  a  bluff  one  hundred  feet  above  the  surface 
of  Lake  Michigan.  It  was  originally  platted  for  a  park 
and  the  broad  drives  and  roadways  of  its  residence  dis- 
trict are  laid  out  in  park  style,  winding  in  and  out 
among  splendid  trees.  In  point  of  settlement  this  is 
one  of  Chicago's  oldest  suburbs  and  its  residents  have 
for  many  years  been  prominent  in  the  social  affairs  of 
Chicago.  From  the  social  standpoint  Lake  Forest  is 
one  of  the  most  exclusive  of  the  city's  suburban  com- 
munities. It  is  the  seat  of  Lake  Forest  University 
(chartered  1857)  and  of  Ferry  Hall  Seminary,  an 
affiliated  institution.  The  School  of  the  Sacred  Heart, 
Roman  Catholic,  one  of  the  largest  girl's  colleges  in  the 
country  is  also  located  here.  Cross-country  hunting  and 
golf  are  social  features  and  the  Lake  Forest  Horse  Show 
is  annually  attended  by  leading  society  people  of  Chi- 
cago. The  Onwentsia  Golf  Club  is  very  active  in  fos- 
tering outdoor  sports,  and  the  Winter  Club  has  a  large 
skating  pond,  curling  field  and  a  splendid  clubhouse. 

Lisle,  24.5  miles,  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  Fare  50  cents. 
Population  100.  Mainly  of  interest  as  a  place  where 
many  Chicago  people  go  with  their  families  for  a  days' 
outing  in  the  woods.  St.  Procopius  College,  a  Roman 
Catholic  institution,  is  located  two  miles  distant.  It 
has  about  100  students. 

Lombard,  20  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Galena  divi- 
sion C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  40  cen'-s.  Population  590. 


240  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

As  a  site  for  suburban  homes  Lombard  is  justly  popular. 
There  are  many  fine  homes  in  remarkably  well  kept 
grounds. 

Longwood,  11.7  miles  from  Chicago  on  Rock  Island 
Ry.  Fare  15  cents.  Population  149.  This  suburb  is 
within  the  city  limits  but  is  mentioned  for  its  profusion 
of  flowers  and  shade  trees  and  its  many  beautiful  homes 
in  charmingly  laid  out  grounds. 

Maplewood,  4  miles,  Avondale,  5  miles,  Irving  Park,  6 
miles,  Hunting  Ave.  7  miles,  Mayfair,  8  miles,  Jefferson 
Park,  9  miles  and  Norwood  Park,  11  miles  from  Wells 
St.  station,  on  the  Wisconsin  division  of  the  C.  &  N.  W. 
Ry.,  in  years  gone  by  were  individual  suburbs  of 
Chicago,  but  with  the  growth  of  the  city  they  have  been 
absorbed  into  the  municipality  and  now  are  a  part  of 
Chicago,  though  retaining  their  suburban  characteristics. 
Each  combines  suburban  advantages  with  the  many 
conveniences  of  the  city. 

Maywood,  10.4  miles  from  Chicago  on  Galena  division 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  20  cents.  Population  4,532. 
Maywood  lies  opposite  River  Forest  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Des  Plaines  River.  The  location  is  high  and 
healthful.  Surrounding  the  City  Hail  is  a  pretty  park 
16  acres  in  extent.  Tie  Maywood  Golf  Club  has  an 
excellent  course. 

Melrose  Park,  11.3  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Galena 
division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  22  cents.  Population 
2,592.  Located  here  are  the  Latrobe  Steel  Mills  giving 
employment  to  a  large  number  of  men.  Melrose  Park 
essentially  is  a  manufacturing  suburb,  but  has  many 
pleasant  homes. 

Midlothian,  18  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Rock  Island 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  241 

Ry.  Fare  25  cents.  Here  is  located  the  fashionable 
and  exclusive  Midlothian  Country  Club  which  main- 
tains a  beautiful  clubhouse  and  grounds,  including  an 
excellent  golf  course.  Within  the  club  is  an  equestrian 
club,  members  of  which  indulge  in  cross  country  hunting 
at  times.  Many  members  of  the  club  have  their  sum- 
mer homes  here. 

Morgan  Park,  13.7  miles  from  Chicago,  on  the  Rock 
Island  Ry.  Fare  15  cents.  Also  may  be  reached  by 
interurban  cars.  Population  2,329.  Here  are  located 
Mt.  Hope,  Mt.  Greenwood  and  Mt.  Olivet  cemeteries. 
This  is  largely  a  suburban  residence  town. 

Mount  Prospect,  19.7  miles  from  Chicago  on  Wiscon- 
sin division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  40  cents.  Popula- 
tion 108.  This  village  is  located  in  a  most  delightful 
region  of  farming  country. 

Oak  Park,  9  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Galena  division 
of  the  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Also  reached  by  the  Metropoli- 
tan Elevated,  Chicago  &  Oak  Park  Elevated  and  surface 
cars  in  Lake  St.,  Madison  St.,  Twelfth  St.  and  Chicago 
Ave.  Population  18,060.  In  less  than  two  genera- 
tions Oak  Park  has  been  transformed  from  an  open  and 
bleak  prairie  to  the  ideal  and  delightful  suburb  that  it  is. 
today.  The  public  improvements  of  the  town  are 
strictly  modern  and  very  extensive  and  in  an  educa- 
tional and  religious  way  the  little  city  takes  first  rank. 
Churches  abound  and  the  school  system  is  of  the  best, 
the  teaching  corps  being  noteworthy  for  a  high  d  gree  of 
efficiency.  Oak  Park  streets  are  wide  and  lined  with 
stately  trees,  and  individual  dwellings  in  large  numbers, 
with  practically  no  flat  buildings,  add  to  the  homelike 
charm  of  the  place.  An  institution  of  more  than  local 
fame  is  Scoville  Institute  with  which  is  combined  the 


242  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Oak  Park  library.  In  large  part  this  is  the  gift  of  the 
late  James  W.  Scoville,  a  public  spirited  citizen  of  Oak 
Park.  The  library  contains  18,000  volumes  and  cir- 
culates in  the  homes  over  75,000  volumes  annually. 
The  reference  and  reading  room  is  visited  by  several 
hundred  daily,  and  is  used  not  only  by  Oak  Park  people, 
but  by  readers  from  the  surrounding  suburbs. 

Palatine,  26  miles  from  Chicago  on  Wisconsin  division 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  52  cents.  Population  1,020. 
Palatine  lies  in  one  of  the  finest  farming  districts  of 
northern  Illinois.  It  has  good  drainage  and  all  modern 
improvements 

Park  Ridge,  13  miles  from  Chicago  on  Wisconsin 
•division  of  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  26  cents.  Population 
2,500.  This  is  a  picturesque  village  on  a  ridge  of  com- 
paratively high  land.  There  are  many  pretty  homes 
with  broad  surrounding  lawns.  Elms  and  maples  line 
the  streets  and  give  abundant  shade.  T\v  ^  artesian 
wells  supply  water  of  remarkable  purity. 

Ravinia,  21.6  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 
Ry.  Fare  44  cents.  Population  75.  This  is  one  of  the 
newer  suburbs  but  the  varied  scenic  features  make  it  one 
of  the  most  desirable  of  the  North  Shore  residential 
sites.  In  the.  south  edge  of  the  village  is  beautiful  Ra- 
vinia Park. 

River  Forest,  10  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Galena 
Division  C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  20  cents.  Population 
1,539.  This  little  town  lies  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Des 
Plaines  River.  It  has  broad  streets,  well  shaded  with 
handsome  oak  and  maple  trees.  Many  pretty  resi- 
dences are  set  in  well  kept,  wide  lawns.  The  grounds 
of  the  River  Forest  Golf  Club  are  adjacent  to  the  town. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  243 

Riverside,  11  miles,  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  Fare  22  cents. 
Riverside  has  been  called  a  park  and  from  the  pictur- 
esque beauty  of  the  village  the  term  cannot  be  said  to 
be  misapplied.  This  place  has  many  palatial  homes  set 
in  large,  open  lawns.  The  Riverside  Golf  Club  has 
beautiful  grounds,  two  miles  from  the  town,  reached  by 
electric  car.  The  water  supply  comes  from  artesian 
wells  2,300  feet  deep. 

South  Chicago,  12  miles,  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  and  111.  Cent. 
Rys.  Fare  15  cents.  South  Side  Elevated  to  Stony 
Island  Ave.  and  South  Chicago  electric  car  from  there. 
Fare  10  cents.  South  Chicago  is  now  a  part  of  Chicago, 
but  is  included  in  the  list  for  the  reason  that  here  are 
located  the  immense  works  of  the  Illinois  Steel  Com- 
pany. This  area  is  purely  industrial  and  contains  many 
large  manufacturing  plants.  The  population  of  the 
South  Chicago  district  alone  is  about  100,000. 

Western  Springs,  15.4  miles,  C.  B  &  Q.  Ry.  Fare  30 
cents.  Population  1,200.  The  city  is  a  residential 
suburb  of  Chicago,  there  being  no  factories  or  other  in- 
stitutions of  that  character.  There  are  all  the  modern 
conveniences  and  the  town  has  much  beauty,  both  in 
its  natural  surroundings  and  its  homes. 

Wheaton,  29  miles  from  Chicago  on  the  Galena  divi- 
sion C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  Fare  50  cents.  Also  on  the  Elgin, 
Aurora  &  Chicago  Electric  line.  Fare  35  cents.  Popu- 
lation 2,345.  Wheaton  is  the  county  seat  of  Du  Page 
county  and  is  one  of  the  older  towns,  founded  in 
1838.  There  are  a  number  of  handsome  public  build- 
ings and  residences.  The  broad  streets  are  well  shaded. 
The  clubhouse  and  grounds  of  the  Chicago  Golf  Club, 
among  the  finest  in  the  west,  are  adjacent  to  the  town. 


244  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Whiting,  Ind.,  16.8  miles  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Ry.  Fare  20 
cents.  Population  3,983.  Whiting  is  noted  as  the  site 
of  the  largest  works  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company, 
•covering  many  acres. 

Wflmette,  14  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 
Hy.  Fare  28  cents.  Population  2,300.  Wilmette 
^was  named  after  the  Indian  chief  Ouilmette.  It  borders 
on  Lake  Michigan  and  is  traversed  by  the  Sheridan 
Jload.  The  town  is  essentially  a  residential  suburb  of 
Chicago  and  contains  many  beautiful  homes.  The 
Ouilmette  Country  Club  has  its  location  here. 

Winnetka,  16.8  miles.  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 
By.  Fare  •  34  cents.  Population  1,833.  Winnetka 
signifies  in  the  Indian  tongue  ' 'Beautiful  Land"  and  the 
name  has  not  been  misapplied.  The  little  city  faces 
the  lake  and  is  made  up  of  homes  of  wealth  in  spacious 
grounds,  elaborately  adorned.  The  Skokie  Country 
•Club  maintains  an  excellent  clubhouse  and  golf  course. 
These  latter  grounds  lie  in  the  beautiful  Skokie  Valley, 
called  by  the  Indians  the  "Place  of  Flowers." 

Zion  City,  42  miles,  Milwaukee  division  C.  &  N.  W. 
Ry.  Fare  84  cents.  Population  2,500.  Also  on 
Chicago-Milwaukee  electric  line.  Zion  City,  of  world 
fame  as  the  seat  of  the  Church  of  Zion,  founded  by  the 
late  John  Alexander  Dowie,  is  a  point  of  much  interest 
.through  its  associations.  Located  on  the  lake  front  it  is 
a  very  pretty  city  and  is  unique  in  many  respects.  Here 
are  the  Zion  lace  factories  and  other  industries  founded 
by  Dowie.  The  site  comprises  ten  square  miles  of  beau- 
tiful, rolling  land.  Elijah  Hospice  (now  called  the  North 
Shore  Inn)  furnishes  entertainment  for  visitors  and  a 
trip  to  Zion  City  will  be  instructive  as  well  as  enjoy- 
able. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  245 

INDEX 

A 

Page 

Abattoirs  and  Meat  Packing  Plants 88 

Abbreviations 4 

Academy    of    Sciences     and    Museum    of    Natural 

History 91 

Ambulance  Service 213 

American  League,  Ball  Park HrHnQ  .lo«  H*  •  •  57 

Anson's  Ball  Park 80 

Arlington  Heights 230 

Art  Center,  Chicago  An .^A*L<. 29,  91 

Art  Institute .<#W>#  M*Pp.  t^  30-31 

Assessed  Valuation 10 

Associations,   Commercial,   Professional  and   Indus- 
trial   \.qqiH-J8  .ywiMA  .  .  .224 

Auditorium  Building 93 

Aurora,  City  of •.V».»«9i!ii#.I.W;  I  .230 

Aurora,  Elgin  &  Chicago  Railway. .  .  . T^pJ.  j'K'K'^:  .    48 

Automobile  Club \*™»M  .  3i&  .*?>  ....  59,  95 

Automobile  Row 95 

Automobile  Trips PPfW^Q^P.W^Pfo^A  Wl  •  •   87 

Automobiles,  Sight  Seeing /v!.*l".£ 86 

B 

Baggage  Transfer ta&p' ^iaaiofn&wx)  *'«**;  •   38 

Banking  Business lu  iij/v.aTJ^-^o^t.  .   27 

Barrington,  Town  of •<<&  U;ino4KiH  w..  .230 

Baseball  Parks i  \  A  i>^. .   57 

Bath  Houses,  Public •..'£!:£>.  1^ 180 

Berwyn,  Town  of tfj&  &&-.:  .230 

Billiard  Halls ;i»*;vc!  j»tu>Mifc  .A..i>^;,.  .   56 

Bismarck  Garden 55 

Blackstone  Library , 100 


246  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

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Blind,  Hospitals  and  Homes  for 198 

Blue  Island,  Town  of 231 

Board  of  Trade 95 

Bohemian  National  Cemetery 98 

Boston  Tea  Party — Grave  of  Last  Survivor 99 

Bowling  Alleys 57 

Bowman ville 85 

Bridewell,  The 199 

Brookfield,  Town  of 231 

Bureau  of  Charities 202 

C 

Cab  and  Hack  Rates 37 

Cahokia  Court  House 133 

Car  Rides,  Sight-Seeing 68 

Cemeteries 98,  126,  145, 172 

Central  Railway  Station 33 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Building 100 

Charities,  Bureau  of 202 

Chesterton,  Town  of 231 

Chicago,  An   Art,   Musical,   Literary  and   Dramatic 

Center ." 29 

Chicago  Association  of  Commerce 16 

Chicago,  A  Banking  Center 27 

Chicago  Commons 101 

"  Chicago  Construction" 1 28 

Chicago  Government,  Cost  of 9 

Chicago,  Growth  of 14 

Chicago  Historical  Society 101 

Chicago  &  Oak  Park  Elevated  Railway 48 

Chicago  as  a  Railroad  Center 22 1 

Chicago  River 102,  222 

Chicago,  A  Summer  Resort .  183 

Chicago,  Town  and  City  Incorporation .20,  21 

Chicago  Sanitary  District 110-115 


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Page 

Chicago's  Most  Crowded  Block 103 

Chicago's  Most  Crowded  Corner 103 

Children,  Institutions  for 193 

Churches ,.,.,^'i  •> .  -62,  94,  145, 154 

Church  of  the  Holy  Family 154 

City  Hall ., .^j-ai*  jft  . . .  104,  220 

Clubs,  Aquatic 57 

Clubs,  Automobile 59 

Clubs,  Chess  and  Checkers 59 

Clubs,  Cricket iji'^rft  fa  .*  •  •  •   59 

Clubs,  Fencing 59 

Clubs,  Miscellaneous 60 

Clubs,  Musical HxnWl 61 

Clubs,  Photographic 58 

Clubs,  Tennis 4*»rt'»'->'^fWtt**kJ  ir 5$ 

Clubs,  Whist '. 60 

Coliseum 106 

Colleges,  Universities  and  Seminaries 207,  154,  164 

Columbia  Yacht  Club 106 

Columbus  Caravels 133 

Columbus  Memorial  Building (r>.  7. . .  .  .  106 

Commercial,    Professional    and    Industrial    Associa- 
tions   224 

Commercial  and  Historical  Review 9 

Commercial  National  Bank  Building 107 

Confederate  Monument 145 

Congress  Park,  Town  of . . . .' 231 

Consulates 66 

Contents 5-8 

Corn  Exchange  National  Bank  Building 108 

County  Building 104 

County  Jail 109 

Crerar  Library 108 

Criminal  Court 109 

Cripples,  Schools  and  Asylums  for -. 198 


248  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

D 

Page 

Daily  News  Fresh  Air  Fund 191 

Dearborn  Station 35 

Delinquent  Adults,  Treatment  of 199 

Departments,  Federal 114 

Department  of  the  Lakes,  U.  S.  Army 116 

Depots,  Railroad 33 

Des  Plaines,  Town  of 232 

Distances  in  Chicago 39 

Divisions  of  the  City 40-41 

Douglas  Park 110 

Douglas,  Stephen  A.,  Tomb  of 109 

Downers  Grove,  Town  of 232 

Drainage  Canal 110 

Dramatic  and  Literary  Center 29 

Dunning 113 

E 

Edison  Park,  Town  of 232 

Elevated  Railroads 45 

Elgin,  City  of 232 

Elmhurst,  Town  of 232 

Evanston,  City  of 191,  233 

T-I        v  no* 

Exchanges 224 

Explorers,  Early II 

Express  Offices 38 

F 

Federal  Building 114 

Feeble  Minded  and  Epileptic,  Relief  for 199 

Ferguson  Monument  Fund 182 

Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 118 

Fire  Department 214 

Fire,  Great  Chicago 156 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  249 

Page 

First  Brick  Made  in  Chicago 142 

First  Church 14 

First  Daily  Newspaper 15,  20 

First  Frame  Building 19 

First  Post  Office 14 

First  Railroad 15 

First  School  House .1  j*a&. 16 

First  Survey 19 

First  National  Ba^ik  Building 114 

First  State  Fawners  Society 121 

Fisher  Building aw>X  ,* 121 

Football 59 

Foreign  Languages  Spoken 27 

Forest  Park 55 

Fort  Dearborn,  Established 13, 18 

Fort  Dearborn,  Massacre  Monument 13, 18, 122 

Fort  Dearborn  Tablet 123 

Fort  Sheridan elWW .  .117,  235 

Fresh  Air  Funds 191 

Furnished  Rooms 52 

G 

Garbage w>iii'+'tu  vfn  -baa  v- '...217 

Garfield  Park 124 

Gary,  City  of 235 

Ghetto  Market ;i6tq.  .{,«,-.. .? 125 

Glencoe,  Town  of .'^.  .• :  V-  -;V. . .  .V 236 

Glen  Ellyn,  Town  of 237 

Goose  Island M**K*-u 125 

Graceland  Cemetery «itf*]fnA'  • ^6 

Grand  Army  Memorial  Hall 149 

Grand  Central  Passenger  Station 34 

Grant  Monument 137 

Great  Chicago  Fire,  Starting  Point 156 

Great  Northern  Building 126 


250  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 


Grotto,  The 127 

Growth  of  Chicago 14 

H 

Hammond,  City  of 237 

Handball 59 

Harrison  Street  Police  Station 127 

Haymarket  Riot 75 

Haymarket  Square t 74,  128 

Heart  of  Chicago 11 

Highland  Park,  Town  of 237 

Highwood,  Town  of 237 

Historical  Review 9,18 

Home  Insurance  Building 128 

Horse  Show 131 

Hospitals  of  Chicago 203,  196 

Hotels 49 

Hubbard  Woods 238 

Hull  House 32,  129 

I 

Illinois  National    Guard 224 

Incorporation,  Town  and  City  of  Chicago 20 

Incurables,  Home  for 198 

Indiana  Harbor,  Town  of 238 

Industrial,    Commercial    and    Professional    Associa- 
tions   224 

Insane,  Relief  for 199 

Institutions  for  Children 193 

International  Amphitheater 130 

International  Live  Stock  Exposition 130 

Interurban  Electric  Lines 43 

J 

Jackson  Park . .  ..131 


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Page 

Japanese  Building 132 

Jewish  Charities 193,  201 

Joliet,  Louis 11, 139 

Jones  School v 135 

Juvenile  Court 200 

K 

Kenilworth,  Town  of 238 

L 

Lake  Bluff,  Town  of 238 

Lake  Commerce 222 

Lake  Forest,  Town  of 239 

Lake  Forest  University 239 

Lake  Shore  Drive 135 

Lake  Steamship  Landings ;;iicuiH# 36 

Lake  Steamship  Lines 36 

Lakes-To-The  Gulf  Deep  Waterway 3l#rc?'.>T 111 

Landmarks  in  Chicago's  History 18 

La  Rabida  Sanitarium ; Uryifi ; .  .  .  132,  192 

La  Salle  Street  Station .  .  .  ^xiJvttt.  to. 34 

Launch  Trips 85,  102,  113 

Law  Courts 219, 109, 115,  134,  200 

Lecture  Courses 33 

Lewis  Institute 76 

Libraries 32, 100, 108, 144, 147, 169 

Library,  Public 147 

Life  Saving  Stations 118, 132 

Lincoln  Monument 137,  181 

Lincoln  Park 136 

Lincoln  Park  Commission 178 

Lisle,  Town  of 239 

Live  Stock  Exchange 161 

Logan  Square 74 


252  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 


Lombard,  Town  of 239 

Longest  Street 10 

Longwood,  Town  of 240 

Loop,  The 40 

Luna  Park 56 

M 

Majestic  Theater  Building ty.'.TO1 138 

Manufactures .    10 

Map  of  Chicago Back  Cover 

Map  of  City  Divisions 41 

Map  of  Loop  District Back  Cover 

Maplewood,  Town  of 240 

Marquette  Building 138 

Marquette,  Father v.V. ..  ..av.brt. ....  11, 138 

Marquette-Joliet,  Memorial  Cross 139 

Masonic  Order 141 

Masonic  Temple /{  jcpnitl:  .1] 140 

Maywood,  Town  of uodtei  H  ?• 240 

Meat  Packing  Plants 88 

Medical  Profession  and  Medical  Schools 208 

Medinah  Temple 141 

Melrose  Park,  Town  of 240 

Memorial  Hall,  Grand  Army 149 

Metropolitan  West  Side  Elevated  Ry 47 

Midlothian,  Town  of 240 

Midway  Plaisance 141 

Military  Organizations 224 

Monadnock  Block 141 

Monument  Fund,  B.  F.  Ferguson 182 

Monuments  and  Statues 137,  181 

Morgan  Park,  Town  of 241 

Morgue,  Cook  County 197 

Mount  Prospect,  Town  of 241 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  253; 

Page 

Municipal  Lodging  House 142 

Municipal  Offices 229 

Museums 118,  101,  91, 140, 143 

Museum  of  Municipal  History 140, 143 

Musical  Center,  Chicago  As 29* 

N 

Nationalities  in  Chicago 25- 

National  League,  Ball  Park 57 

Naval  Station  (Lake  Bluff) 238. 

Newberry  Library - 144 

North  Side 40 

Northwestern  Elevated  Railway 4& 

Northwestern  R.  R.  Station 35 

Northwestern  University 234' 

Notre  Dame  de  Chicago 145 

Numbering  of  Streets . 44: 

Nurseries,  Day 192^ 

O 

Oak  Park,  City  of 241 

Oakwoods  Cemetery . .  .  145 

Old  Colony  Building 121 

Orchestra  Hall 146,  31 

Outer  Belt  Park  System 179 

P 

Packingtown 88 

Palatine,  Town  of .242 

Parks 55,  57, 110,  124, 131, 136, 170, 174 

Parks,  Amusement 55 

Park  and  Boulevard  System ; .  . .  174 

Park  Commissions 17$ 

Park  Ridge,  Town  of , 242; 


254  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

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Philanthropic  Institutions 187,  121,  132,  142 

Pioneer  Residents 24 

Points  of  Interest 88-172 

Police  Department 210 

Pool  Rooms 56 

Population 9,   14 

Post  Office 115, 10 

Post  Office  Receipts 10 

Preface 3 

Public  Library 147 

Public  School  System 206 

Pullman,  City  of 85, 149 

R 

Railroads,  Elevated 45 

Railway  Exchange  Building 150 

Railway  Stations 33 

Railway  Ticket  Offices 35 

Ravinia,  Town  of 242 

Ravinia  Park 150,  56,  242 

Reformation  of  Women,  Agencies  for 201 

Reform  Institutions 199 

Relic  House 70 

Relief  and  Aid  Society 192,  202 

Restaurants 52 

Rialto,  The 152 

River  Forest,  Town  of 84,  242 

Riverside,  Town  of 84,  243 

Riverview  Park 56 

Rookery,  The 153 

Rose  Gardens 133,  170 

S 

St,  Ignatius  College 154 

Sanitary  District  of  Chicago 110 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO  255 

Page 

Sans  Souci  Park 56 

School  System,  Public 206 

Settlements,  Social 101,  129, 188 

Sewer  System 217 

Sight  Seeing  Automobiles 86 

Sight  Seeing  Car  Rides 68-85 

Small  Park  and  Playground  System 175 

Social  Settlements 101,  129,  188 

South  Chicago 85,  243 

South  Park  Commission 177 

South  Side 40 

South  Side  Elevated  Railway 47 

South  Water'Street  Market 154 

Special  Park  Commission 175 

Stations,  Railway 33 

Stock  Yards, 160 

Street  Car  Rides 68-85 

Street  Cleaning 217 

Street  Names  and  Numbers 44 

Street  Car  Systems 40 

Suburbs 229-244 

Sunday  Evening  Club 65 

Swimming  Events 58 

T 

Tallest  Office  Building 140 

Taxicabs 37 

Temperature  in  Chicago 186 

Temple,  The 158 

Theaters 53 

Thomas  Orchestra 146,  31 

Transfers,  Street  Car 43 

Tuberculosis  Institute 196 

Tunnel  System 159 


256  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

U 

Page 

Union  Elevated  Loop 45 

Union  Passenger  Station .  . .  .  ; ...;...   34 

Union  Stock  Yards  and  Transit  Company . .  . 160 

U.  S.  Customs  Receipts 10 

U.  S.  Life  Saving  Stations 118, 132 

U.  S.  Post  Office 115,  10 

U.  S.  Subtreasury  115 

U.  S.  Weather  Bureau 115, 117 

Universities,  Colleges  and  Seminaries 207,  154,  164 

University  of  Chicago 164 

V-W-Y-Z 

Visiting  Nurse  Association 195 

Washington  Park ' 170 

Water  Supply  and  Water  Works   216 

Waubansee  Stone 171 

Western  Springs,  Town  of 243 

West  Park  Commission 179 

West  Side 40 

Wheaton,  Town  of 243 

White  City 56 

Whiting,  Town  of 244 

Willard  Hall 159 

Wilmette,  Town  of 244 

'  Winnetka,  Town  of 244 

Women's     Christian     Temperance     Union,     Head- 
quarters   234 

Wooded  Island 133 

World's  Columbian  Exposition 131-133 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association 171 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association 172 

Zion  City,  Town  of 244 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


A  GUIDE  TO  THE  CITY  OF  CHICAGO.  CHGO 


